• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2011

An experimental variable rate nursery sprayer was developed to adjust application rates for canopy volume in real time. The sprayer consisted of two vertical booms integrated with ultrasonic sensors, and variable rate nozzles coupled with pulse width modulation (PMW) based solenoid valves. A custom-designed microcontroller instructed the sensors to detect canopy size and occurrence and then controlled nozzles to achieve variable application rates. A spray delivery system, which consisted of diaphragm pump, pressure regulator and 4-cycle gasoline engine, offered the spray discharge function. Spray delay time, time adjustment in spray trigger for the leading distance of the sensor, was measured with a high-speed camera, and it was from 50 to 140 ms earlier than the desired time (398 ms) at 3.2 km/h under indoor conditions. Consequently, the sprayer triggered 4.5 to 12.5 cm prior to detected targets. Duty cycles of the sprayer were from 20 to 34 ms for senor-to-canopy (STC) distance from 0.30 to 0.76 m. Outdoor test confirmed that the nozzles were triggered from 290 to 380 ms after detecting tree canopy at 3.2 km/h. The spray rate of the new sprayer was 58.4 to 85.2% of the constant application rate (935 L/ha). Spray coverage was collected at four areas of evergreen canopy by water sensitive papers (WSP), and ranged from 1.9 to 41.1% and 1.8 to 34.7% for variable and constant rate applications, respectively. One WSP area had significant (P < 0.05) difference in mean spray coverage between two application conditions.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.87-96
• /
• 2020

In this study, a variable elasticity spring was applied to improve the pressure control precision of conventional relief valves. The equilibrium equation of the forces acting on the valve poppet was derived; it is demonstrated that matching the elastic rate of the pressure-adjusting coil spring to the equivalent elastic rate of the flow force improved the pressure override. The procedures that were used to design the variable elasticity spring are presented, and some applications of the variable elasticity spring are also introduced. Computer simulations were used to analyze three cases: a poppet-closed flow force structure, a poppet-open flow force structure with a constant elasticity spring, and a structure containing a variable elasticity spring. It is confirmed that the pressure control precision of the relief valve can be significantly improved upon by applying a variable elasticity spring to the poppet-open flow force structure.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
• /
• pp.3166-3168
• /
• 2000

This paper proposed variable threshold dual rate ADPCM coding method which is modified from the standard ADPCM of ITU G.726 for speech quality improvement. The speech quality of variable threshold dual rate ADPCM is better than single rate ADPCM at noisy environment without increasing the complexity by using ZCR(Zero Crossing Rate). In this case, ZCR is used to divide input signal samples into two categories(noisy & speech). The samples with higher ZCR is categorized as the noisy region and the samples with lower ZCR is categorized as the speech region. Noisy region uses higher threshold value to be compressed by 16Kbps for reduced bit rates and the speech region uses lower threshold value to be compressed by 40Kbps for improved speech quality. Comparing with the conventional ADPCM, which adapts the fixed coding rate. the proposed variable threshold dual rate ADPCM coding method improves noise character without increasing the bit rate. For real time applications, ZCR calculation was considered as a simple method to obtain the background noise information for preprocess of speech analysis such as FFT and the experiment showed that the simple calculation of ZCR can be used without complexity increase. Dual rate ADPCM can decrease the amount of transferred data efficiently without increasing complexity nor reducing speech quality. Therefore result of this paper can be applied for real-time speech application such as the internet phone or VoIP.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2003

Conventionally used linear or circular interpolator is undesirable for the precision machining of 3D free-form surface as the following reason: the transmission errors due to the huge number of data, discontinuity of segmentation, unsmooth motion speed. To this regard, modern CNC machine tools are designed with the function of machining arbitrary parametric curves. However, these systems don't consider the adaptive federate, which dominates the quality of the machining process. This paper proposes a NURBS interpolator for the constant material removal rate. That is accomplished by the variable federate using curvature of curve. The curvature-compensated feederate system has important Potential applications in ensuring part accuracy and protecting cutting tool. The simulated result show it can be applicable to the real machining.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
• /
• 제49권1호
• /
• pp.25-34
• /
• 2012

본 논문은 고속 WPAN 시스템에 대한 가변 길이 8-병렬 리드-솔로몬(RS) 복호기에 관한 일반적인 구조를 제안한다. 제안된 구조는 RS(255,239) 코드뿐만 아니라 다양한 단축화 RS 부호들을 지원 할 수 있다. 특히, 가변길이 구조는 다양한 단축화 RS 부호에 대해 가변적인 낮은 지연을 제공하며, 8-병렬 구조를 적용하여 높은 데이터 처리율을 제공한다. 제안된 RS 복호기는 90-$nm$ CMOS 표준 셀 기술을 사용하여 성능 분석을 수행하였고, 클록 주파수 300$MHz$에서 19-$Gbps$ 데이터 처리율을 제공한다.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.101-115
• /
• 2005

This article provides a new class of multivariate linear failure rate distributions where every component is a mixture of linear failure rate distribution. The new class includes several multivariate and bivariate models including Marslall and Olkin type. The approach in this paper is based on the introducing a linear failure rate distributed latent random variable. The distribution of minimum in a competing risk model is discussed.

• 한국초전도저온공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국초전도저온공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.96-98
• /
• 2003

Many of research efforts have been focused on the improvement of critical current density Jc of silver-sheathed Bi-2223 tapes for practical applications of material. Bi-2223 superconducting wires with 55 filaments were fabricated by stacking, drawing process with different heat-treatment histories. After rolling process, Bi-2223 tapes were heat-treatment at 780~826$^{\circ}C$ with variable mass flow rate of mixed gas. In this study, the effect of changes in the variable mass flow rate of mixed gas during the heat treatment of Bi-2223/Ag tapes has been investigated. Distinct differences were observed in the Bi-2223 phase and critical current as flow rate of mixed gas. We could achieve proper conditions of mass flow rate of mixed gas for Ag-alloy clad Bi-2223 superconducting tapes.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집 I
• /
• pp.549-552
• /
• 2003

In this paper, an efficient architecture of a versatile Reed-Solomon (RS) decoder is designed, where the message length k as well as the block length n can be variable. The decoder permits 3-step pipelined processing based on the modified Euclid's algorithm(MEA). A new architecture for the MEA is designed for variable values of error correcting capability t. To maintain the throughput rate with less circuitry, the MEA block uses both the recursive and the overclocking technique. The decoder can decode a codeword received not only in a burst mode, but also in a continuous mode. It can be used in a wide range of applications due to its versatility. A versatile RS decoder over GF(2$^{8}$ ) having the error-correcting capability of up to 10 has been designed in VHDL, and successfully synthesized in an FPGA chip.

• 한국항행학회논문지
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.705-711
• /
• 2013

본 논문에서는 다중 전송률 지원이 가능하도록 개선된 LR-WPAN (Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network) 시스템을 위한 효율적인 복조 알고리즘 및 하드웨어 구조를 기술하였다. 여러 센서응용 시스템에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행됨에 따라 다양한 전송률을 지원하는 LR-WPAN 시스템의 필요성이 커지고 있다. 이에, 본 논문에서는 심볼 단위 이중상관방식 (SymBol based Double Correlation, SBDC)을 변형한 샘플 단위 이중상관 방식 (SamPle based Double Correlation, SPDC)을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 다양한 전송률 지원에 따른 복잡도의 증가가 없으며, IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN 시스템에서 권고하는 ${\pm}80ppm$ (송/수신 각각 ${\pm}40ppm$)의 주파수 오프셋에서도 동작이 가능한 non-coherent 복조방식이다. 하드웨어 구현은 verilog HDL을 사용하였으며, FPGA 테스트 보드를 이용하여 설계 및 검증을 수행하였다.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.42-51
• /
• 2012

Variable displacement vane-type oil pumps represent one of the most innovative pump types for industrial applications, especially for engine lubrication systems. This paper deals with a modeling method for theoretical flow rate investigation of a typical variable displacement vane-type oil pump. This theoretical model is based on the pump geometric design and dynamic analyses. It can be considered as mandatory steps for a deeper understanding of the pump operation as well as for effectively implementing the pump control mechanisms to satisfy the urgent demands of engine lubrication systems. The developed pump model is finally illustrated by numerical simulations.