• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2016

Red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization results from genetic disparity of RBC antigens between donor and recipients. The discrepancy of RBC antibody screening test occurs when the results of red cell tests do not agree with those of the serum test. In order to select the proper blood units for transfusion, clarification of the cause of discrepancies is essential. The RBC antibody screening test is an easy, quick, and reliable method for detection of clinically significant antibodies. Antibody screening and identification is recommended prior to transfusion to determine whether there is blood group incompatibility. We reported that phenotyping for E, D, M, E+c, and C+e antibody screening test should be extended. Therefore, these results indicate that anti-D and anti-E alloantibodies were major risk factors for haemolytic disease of the newborn or delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions in this study population. We suggested that its antibody screening be adapted to blood safety interventions. Targeted screening of selected recipients at risk offers less value than universal antibody screening, and more research is needed to determine the real incidence of this national condition.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2528-2539
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• 2012

In the 21st century, knowledge is an important asset to improve productivity in the business world. In today's rapidly changing business environment, companies have rigorously brought in knowledge management system in order to secure the sustainable competitiveness and effective knowledge management. Knowledge management has now become mandatory, not optional. Today many companies which have built knowledge management on top of information technology and hardware-based infrastructure are having a difficulty in creating organizational culture in knowledge management. Even though companies have invested substantial time and money in knowledge management, the performances have not met their expectations. To solve this problem, software oriented strategy for knowledge management such as education and networking is more needed rather than hardware oriented strategy such as information technology systems. Though the knowledge management framework suggested in this study is exploratory, this study contributes to the clarification of the critical elements that companies which are about to build knowledge management should take in account.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.431-444
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• 2010

This research aims at developing a teachers' training program to reinforce teachers' capability to perform the action learning program. To accomplish this goal, the key value of the training program based on action learning, the process of the core learning activities, and the elements to support learners and facilitators respectively were deducted on the foundation of documentary research and case study, based on which, the program was developed through the formative test by professionals and application to the field. This research was applied to 105 middle or high school teachers, the participants of the in-service training on creative problem solving hosted by B metropolitan city for one week (30 hours) from 9 a.m. on Monday, January 25th, 2010 to 4 p.m. on Friday, January 29th. The result of this research is as follows. First, as for the key values of this study, (1) the team-based learning centered on the trainees, not lecturers-oriented, knowledge-transmitting training, is possible, (2)for each process, guidelines, related information, tools, and various kinds of media are supported just in time, and (3)a focus is given on fostering facilitators centered on teachers. Second, the process of the core learning activities of the teachers' training program based on action learning consists of the procedure of a prior lecture${\rightarrow}$break${\rightarrow}$investigation into problems${\rightarrow}$clarification of problems${\rightarrow}$drawing possible solutions${\rightarrow}$decision on the priority${\rightarrow}$making an action plan${\rightarrow}$performance${\rightarrow}$evaluation, and on each stage, the contents for the activities of teachers and learners and detailed supportive elements are offered.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.682-689
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find out the variation between molecular size distribution (MSD) of natural organic matter (NOM) in raw waters after different water treatment processes like conventional process (coagulation, flocculation, filtration) followed by advanced oxidation process (ozonation, GAC adsorption). The MSD of NOM of Suji pilot plant were determined by Liquid Chromatography-Organic Carbon Detection (LC-OCD) which is a kine of high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) with nondispersive infrared (NDIR) detector and $UV_{254}$ detector. Five distinct fractions were generally separated from water samples with the Toyopearl HW-50S column, using 28 mmol phosphate buffer at pH 6.58 as an eluent. Large and intermediate humic fractions were the most dominant fractions in surface water. High molecular weight (HMW) matter was clearly easier to remove in coagulation and clarification than low molecular weight (LMW) matter. Water treatment processes removed the two largest fractions almost completely shifting the MSD towards smaller molecular size in DW. No more distinct variation of MSD was observed by ozone process after sand filtration but the SUVA value were obviously reduced during increase of the ozone doses. UVD results and HS-Diagram demonstrate that ozone induce not the variation of molecular size of humic substance but change the bond structure from aromatic rings or double bonds to single bond. Granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration removed 8~9% of organic compounds and showed better adsorption property for small MSD than large one.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.189-196
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• 2011

To develop a creative design concept, amount of idea thinking between team members is important. In the process of planning to proposal brainstorming helps clarification of problems and allows a creative solution. Here, idea generation is to express thinking into words, and greater amount of idea is more valued than to choose one fine idea at first. This paper studies actual processes of brainstorming, and we utilize network services upgraded in Web and multimedia techniques to develop idea with arrangement. We compare the amount of idea generation by groups and topics with Brainwriting and Braindrawing of Webstorming, without limitation of space and time. Then, we propose a creative idea thinking by analyzing the characteristics of design team members in various aspects. This result will contribute in improving national potential value and design competitiveness by the help of design and IT, on product research and marketing.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.503-513
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to figure out family member's perceptions of side rail use in geriatric hospital by Cavanagh's content analysis with in-depth interview. This finding of the study suggests that the six themes of these perceptions are precautionary safety supervision, movement convenience, ritualistic nursing, physical restraint, danger of wounds, and alternative methods in an older person ward, and that the cause of recognized perceptions is not based on actual events, but rather on relatives' perceived protective value. With the transition of medical industry environment, there is a significant emphasis on efficacy and effectiveness of practice, risk management and evidence-based practice. However, the issue of side rail use and physical restraints remains unsolved in care of older people. Nurses claim the necessity of regimented protocol and clarification from professional organization regarding the side rail use.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2010

This study was to evaluate the performance of the Double stage Pore controllable fiber (DP) filter system as the pre-treatment of the RO membrane. The evaluation for the pre-treatment filter was performed through the indirect method, SDI (Silt Density Index) measurement of the filtrate. This study was done during Jan. 3 of 2009 to Dec. 3 of 2009 at OO Water Treatment Plant that was suppling industrial water to plants, and the raw water was contaminated lake water and it was fed to the system after clarification with coagulation. The average turbidity of the feed water and that of the filtrate was 0.79 NTU (0.28~4.01 NTU), and 0.16 NTU (0.04~0.50) respectively. And so the average turbidity removal efficiency was 77%. The filtrate flow rate and the backwash water flow rate was about 230 $m^3$/day and about 8.7 $m^3$/day respectively, and so the backwash rate was 3.8%. The data for some samples were obtained after a few days storage, and it caused the higher turbidity and SDI15 as the storage time was increased. But average SDI value of the filtrate was 3.6 (2.26~5.00) which was lower than minimum value required by the RO membrane manufacturer as the RO feed water to guarantee the life time of the RO membrane. So, the DP filter system was enough for the application as the pre-treatment of the RO membrane.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.506-511
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• 2014

In Gyeongsangbuk-do seongju area, hundreds of tons of spoiled oriental melon are harvested annually. Therefore, ways to prevent such spoilage are needed. This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of spoiled oriental melon juice after enzyme treatment for the production of oriental melon concentrate. The treatment of the oriental melon juice with three kinds of enzymes with variable concentrations showed the following results. PECE(1), which was compounded pectinase and cellulase at 0.01% (v/v), gave the melon a 0.16 brown color and 0.01 turbidity, and the highest L value of 97.00. The detected free sugar contents were fructose, glucose and sucrose, with the amount of sucrose the highest at roughly 4,000 mg%. The mixture of different enzyme treatments resulted in a 0.15 brown color and 0.01 turbidity at 60 minutes, and the L value was high at 97.25. The enzyme treatment temperatures of $50^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$ yielded a low-level brown color and low turbidity, but the L values were high at $60^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$. These results showed that 0.01% (v/v) mixing enzyme, i.e., pectinase and cellulose compounded at $60^{\circ}C$ for 60 min, must be used for the production of oriental melon concentrate.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.26
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• pp.25-54
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• 2007

This paper examines the literatherapy effects of Korea's oldest form of literature, Sijo, and its role in the future of literatherapy. Since literature is the expression of human emotions, and therapy is related to medicine, the two seem to have little in common, but they share the function of resolving conflicts. The effectiveness of literatherapy has only recently become a matter of discussion. However, literatherapy is greatly involved with the utility value of literature, and should be taken seriously. This research focused on the literatherapy function of the 16th-17th century Gangho-Sijo. Gangho-Sijo was created by literary men from the Sarim-school, who were removed from their posts in the government due to a massacre(Sawha) and rianly(Dangjaing), and spent most of their time away from politics. Their Sijo were mostly about life in retreat, and their mental state at that time. In relation to literatherapy, the mentality and attitudes of these scholars can be divided into three stages. The first is anxiety and depression, the second tranquility and harmony. and the third serenity. At the final stage, the scholars are liberated from worldly desires. Each of these phases hold the effect of literatherapy. The first stage can relate to 'theory of purgation', ISO-Prinsip, which is based on 'like cures like' which means to treat something with its own kind Fight fire with fire. The second step involves 'theory of purification', and by balancing his emotions, the scholar can achieve mental stability. In the final stage, literatherapy is acquired when the scholar expresses his emotions in a clarification(theory of clarification). At this phase, literatherapy finally has an effect, while the phase itself functions as literatherapy as well. The study of literatherapy is still at its early stages, thus has many limitations. However, literatherapy has bright prospects, and it is my hope that this report will be used as a reference for its further research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.933-940
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• 2013

In this study, methyl esters with different saturated fatty acids (SFA) were prepared by urea fractionation to make an oil-in-water emulsion. Emulsion characteristics (emulsion stability and oxidative stability) of the methyl ester emulsion were then studied at different percentages of methyl ester saturation (5, 28, 39, 50, and 72%, termed ${\Sigma}$SFA5, ${\Sigma}$SFA28, ${\Sigma}$SFA39, ${\Sigma}$SFA50, and ${\Sigma}$SFA72, respectively). The stability of emulsions (ES) with different SFA content was 46.0 (${\Sigma}$SFA5), 39.5 (${\Sigma}$SFA28), 32.7 (${\Sigma}$SFA39), 32.6 (${\Sigma}$SFA50), and 27.3 (${\Sigma}$SFA72). Results from Turbiscan showed that creaming or clarification, based on the backscattering intensity, was more pronounced with increases in the saturation degree of the emulsion. These results implied that the emulsions with lower saturation were more stable. During 30 days of storage, the lipid peroxide value increased for all emulsions, with the increase less pronounced with the increasing saturation of the emulsion; 1.880 (${\Sigma}$ SFA5), 1.267 (${\Sigma}$SFA28), 1.062 (${\Sigma}$SFA39), 0.342 (${\Sigma}$SFA50) and 0.153 (${\Sigma}$SFA72) mg $H_2O_2/mL$ emulsion. In addition, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values were significantly lower in emulsions with high saturation (4.419 mg for ${\Sigma}$SFA50 and 4.226 mg for ${\Sigma}$SFA72) than emulsions with low saturation (6.229 mg for ${\Sigma}$SFA5, 6.801 mg for ${\Sigma}$SFA28 and 6.246 mg for ${\Sigma}$SFA39). In conclusion, the emulsions with a higher saturation degree of methyl esters showed lower emulsion stability but better oxidation stability.