• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 1990

A single inoculation of combined vaccines of Newcastle disease and avian infectious bronchitis of chicken, in a form of gel-oil emulsion type (gel-OEV) was tested their immunogenecity in chickens. The results were summerized as follows: 1. Average minimum and maximum ELISA antibody titers of ND were recorded 2407 and 13144 respectively. In the case of IB, 1824 and 4496 were recorded as minimum and maximum titers. 2. The distribution of average proportional groups, in the lowest and the highest, were 1.6 and 7.0 in ND ELISA and 1.4 and 2.8 in IB ELISA antibody titers. 3. ND ELISA antibody titers were significantly increased upto 7th week after the vaccination. On the other hand, IB ELISA antibody titers were raised upto 4th week after the vaccination.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.2155-2157
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• 2013

Advances and controversies of skin cancer prevention in the Asian-Pacific region are to be examined in the world's first Global Controversies and Advances in Skin Cancer Conference to be held in Brisbane, Australia this November. APOCP Members are cordially invited to register early for the opportunity to contribute to the debate on a cancer which continues to be a prominent issue in the Asia Pacific and indeed worldwide. We need answers to the questions of why a cancer that is so preventable and easily detectable is still shrouded in controversy. Primary focuses will be on issues like viral involvement, vaccines and novel clinical approaches.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.2681-2684
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• 2013

In India, cervical cancer is the most common woman-related cancer, followed by breast cancer. The rate of cervical cancer in India is fourth worldwide. Two vaccines, Gardasil and Cervarix, both targeting HPV-16 and 18 which account for 70% of invasive cervical carcinomas, are licensed in the United States and numerous countries worldwide. Both vaccine formulations have shown excellent efficacy with minimal toxicity in active female population but numerous questions arise in vaccinating like cost effectiveness, lack of proven efficacy against other HPV strains, social acceptance of HPV vaccination and other ethical issues. The main objective of this study is to emphasis the advantages and disadvantages of the vaccination in India.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.410-416
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• 2010

Methane emitted from ruminant livestock is regarded as a loss of feed energy and also a contributor to global warming. Methane is synthesized in the rumen as one of the hydrogen sink products that are unavoidable for efficient succession of anaerobic microbial fermentation. Various attempts have been made to reduce methane emission, mainly through rumen microbial manipulation, by the use of agents including chemicals, antibiotics and natural products such as oils, fatty acids and plant extracts. A newer approach is the development of vaccines against methanogenic bacteria. While ionophore antibiotics have been widely used due to their efficacy and affordable prices, the use of alternative natural materials is becoming more attractive due to health concerns regarding antibiotics. An important feature of a natural material that constitutes a possible alternative methane inhibitor is that the material does not reduce feed intake or digestibility but does enhance propionate that is the major hydrogen sink alternative to methane. Some implications of these approaches, as well as an introduction to antibiotic-alternative natural materials and novel approaches, are provided.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is etiologically associated with a variety of diseases including lymphoproliferative diseases, lymphomas, carcinomas, and autoimmune diseases. Humans are the only natural host of EBV and limited species of new-world monkeys can be infected with the virus in experimental conditions. Small animal models of EBV infection, required for evaluation of novel therapies and vaccines for EBV-associated diseases, have not been available. Recently the development of severely immunodeficient mouse strains enabled production of humanized mice in which human immune system components are reconstituted and express their normal functions. Humanized mice can serve as infection models for human-specific viruses such as EBV that target cells of the immune system. This review summarizes recent studies by the author's group addressing reproduction of EBV infection and pathogenesis in humanized mice.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1384-1387
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• 2005

Hantavax(R) is one of the killed Hantavirus vaccines, and is commercially available in South Korea. This vaccine was developed by inactivation of virus isolated from infected suckling mouse brain with formalin. Although Hantavax(R) can induce neutralizing antibodies in vaccinees, the strength of this induction and the duration of the humoral immune response are controversial issues. In this study, we studied the native conformation of the killed vaccine by antigen-capture reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction with patient and vaccinee sera containing neutralizing antibodies against Hantavirus. The results showed that Hantavax(R) could bind HTNV patient and vaccinee sera like live virus, suggesting that the integrity of the viral epitope is maintained in Hantavax(R) and induces the protective antibodies, even though the virus was inactivated with formalin.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2017

Till now nanotechnology based anti-parasite pharmaceutical dosage forms development and application is being vastly developed worldwide. The field of nanotechnology involves an array of different areas of expertise with the application of innovative products in Medicine, Engineering, and to a less extent to Veterinary Medicine. In our conclusion, enriched experimental analysis is required, to announce the state of the art outputs to remove negative problems. Animals or human may benefit from nanotechnological products respectively, like vaccines, target recombinant peptides, or novel pharmaceutical alternatives. As a result, it would be desirable to give some energy for thought to drive nanomedical scientific introductions. To create more safe medium to animals and or humans. In this review all aspects of nanoparticles applications in parasitology will be carefully discussed depending on particle charge and size as well as kind of nanoparticles. Perspectives and prospective of nanoparticles in human parasitology will be predicted as well.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.403-410
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• 2015

Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is a serious disease of sevenband grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus in Korean aquaculture farms. However, we suggest the following preventative methods for hatcheries: 1) disinfecting rearing water, 2) selecting spawners via ELISA and PCR, 3) selecting eggs via PCR, 4) disinfecting fertilized eggs, and 5) proper facilities management. When these methods are implemented, nervous necrosis virus (NNV)-free fish are produced because vertical and horizontal transmission is prevented. However, horizontal transmission of NNV through rearing seawater sourced from the environment during grow-out stages in sea cages can still occur. Live NNV vaccines with a low rearing temperature or Poly(I:C) immunization are very effective at preventing horizontal transmission of NNV in rearing farms. Furthermore, even after VNN is contracted, fish mortality can be reduced by administering Poly(I:C).

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.236-239
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• 2001

Group A Streptococcus strain ST4529 is a provisional new ems type which has been recently reported in Malaysia (Jomal, et al. 1999. Energ. Infect . Dis. 5,10-14). This strain was found to be opacity factor (OF) negative with a Tl phenotype. Usually, OF negative strains with T1 phenotypes are associated with acute rheumatic fever. However, strain ST4529 was isolated from the blood of a patient with septicemia. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of the mature hypervariable N-terminus of ST4529 showed only 43% identity with that of M5, the closest matched OF negative strain with a T1 phenotype. Thus, ST4529 most probably encodes a new serospecifically unique M protein which is associated with septicemia rather than pharyngitis infections. The strains with these phenotypes are very important because their sequences should be considered for developing any anti-streptococcal vaccines.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.81-85
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• 2013

The mucosal surfaces are constantly exposed to incoming pathogens which can cause infections that result in severe morbidity and/or mortality. Studies have reported that mucosal immunity is important for providing protection against these pathogens and that mucosal vaccination is effective in preventing local infections. For many years, the sublingual mucosa has been targeted to deliver immunotherapy to treat allergic hypersensitivities. However, the potential of vaccine delivery via sublingual mucosal has received little attention until recently. Recent studies exploring such potential have documented the safety and effectiveness of sublingual immunization, demonstrating the ability of sublingual immunization to induce both systemic and mucosal immune responses against a variety of antigens, including soluble proteins, inter particulate antigens, and live-attenuated viruses. This review will summarize the recent findings that address the promising potential of sublingual immunization in proving protection against various mucosal pathogens.