• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2022

항공기 및 우주 구조물에 갈륨비소 기판은 다양하게 적용된다. 본 연구에서 온도 제어기술을 활용하여 수치해석을 통해 4인치 이상의 대구경 갈륨비소 잉곳의 성장에 관한 기술을 제시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 온도 시뮬레이션 기술을 기반으로 다양한 온도 변화와 주위 환경의 변화에 따른 제작 기술을 확보하였다. 잉곳 기술 개발을 통하여 편차가 작은 특성 결과를 도출하여 향후 적용 가능성을 최대화 하였다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2009

Many concepts of external magnetic field applications in crystal growth processes have been developed to control melt convection, impurity content and growing interface shape. Especially, travelling magnetic fields (TMF) are of certain advantages. However, strong shielding effects appear when the TMF coils are placed outside the growth vessel. To achieve a solution of industrial relevance within the framework of the $KRISTMAG^{(R)}$ project inner heater-magnet modules(HMM) for simultaneous generation of temperature and magnetic field have been developed. At the same time, as the temperature is controlled as usual, e.g. by DC, the characteristics of the magnetic field can be adjusted via frequency, phase shift of the alternating current (AC) and by changing the amplitude via the AC/DC ratio. Global modelling and dummy measurements were used to optimize and validate the HMM configuration and process parameters. GaAs and Ge single crystals with improved parameters were grown in HMM-equipped industrial liquid encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) puller and commercial vertical gradient freeze (VGF) furnace, respectively. The vapour pressure controlled Czochralski (VCz) variant without boric oxide encapsulation was used to study the movement of floating particles by the TMF-driven vortices.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.281-303
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• 2014

In order to suppress the wind-induced vibrations of the Canton Tower, a pair of active mass driver (AMD) systems has been installed on the top of the main structure. The structural principal directions in which the bending modes of the structure are uncoupled are proposed and verified based on the orthogonal projection approach. For the vibration control design in the principal X direction, the simplified model of the structure is developed based on the finite element model and modified according to the field measurements under wind excitations. The AMD system driven by permanent magnet synchronous linear motors are adopted. The dynamical models of the AMD subsystems are determined according to the open-loop test results by using nonlinear least square fitting method. The continuous variable gain feedback (VGF) control strategy is adopted to make the AMD system adaptive to the variation in the intensity of wind excitations. Finally, the field tests of free vibration control are carried out. The field test results of AMD control show that the damping ratio of the first vibration mode increases up to 11 times of the original value without control.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.529-541
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• 2003

Yukmijihwang-tang has been widely used as an and-aging herbal medicine for hundred years in Asian countries. Numerous studies show that Yukmijihwangtang has anti-oxidative effect both in vivo and in vitro. It has been reported that Moutan Cortex Radicis extract (MCR) was the most effective herb in Yukmijihwang-tang on undifferentiated PC12 cells upon oxidative-stressed with hydrogen peroxide. The purpose of this study is to; 1) evaluate the recovery of neuronal damage by assessing the anti-oxidant effect of MCR on PC12 cells differentiated with nerve growth factor (NGF), 2) identify candidate genes responsible for anti-oxidative effect on differentiated PC12 cells by oligonucleotide chip microarray. PC12 cells, which were differentiated by treating with NGF, were treated without or with hydrogen peroxide in the presence or absence of various concentration of MCR. Cell survival was determined by using MTS assay. Measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was determined using the H2DCFDA assay The viability of cells treated with MCR was significantly recovered from stressed PC12 cell. In addition, wide rage of concentrations of MCR shows dose-dependent inhibitory effect on ROS production in oxidative-stressed cells. Total RNAs of cells without treatment(Control group), only treated with H₂O₂ (stressed group) and treated with both H₂O₂ and of MCR (MCR group) were isolated, and cDNAs was synthesized using oligoT7(dT) primer. The fragmented cRNAs, synthesized from cDNAs, were applied to Affymetrix GeneChip Rat Neurobiology U34 Array. mRNA of Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta subunit(CaMKII), neuron glucose transporter (GLUT3) and myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(MOG) were downregulated in Stressed group comparing to Control group. P2X2-5 receptor (P2X2R-5), P2X2-4 receptor (P2X2R-4), c-fos, 25 kDa synaptosomal attachment protein(SNAP-25a) and GLUT3 were downregulated, whereas A2 adenosine receptor (A2AR), cathechol-O-methyltransferase(COMT), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), EST223333, heme oxygenase (HO), VGF, UI-R-CO-ja-a-07-0-Ul.s1 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) were upregulated in MCA group comparing to Control group. Expression of Putative potassium channel subunit protein (ACK4), P2X2A-5, P2X2A-4, Interferon-gamma inducing factor isoform alpha precursor (IL-18α), EST199031, P2XR, P2X2 purinoceptor isoform e (P2X2R-e), Precursor interleukin 18 (IL-18) were downregulated, whereas MOO, EST223333, GLUT-1, MIF, Neuronatin alpha, UI-R-C0-ja-a-07-0-Ul.s1, A2. adenosine receptor, COMT, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), HO, VGF, A rat novel protein which is expressed with nerve injury (E12625) were upregulated in MCR group comparing to Stressed group. The results suggest that decreased viability and AOS production of PC12 cell by H₂O₂ may be, at lease, mediated by impaired glucose transporter expression. It is implicated that the MCR treatment protect PC12 cell from oxidative stress via following mechanisms; improving glucose transport into the cell, enhancing expression of anti-oxidative genes and protecting from dopamine cytotoxicity by increment of COMT and MIF expression. The list of differentially expressed genes may implicate further insight on the action and mechanism behind the anti-oxidative effects of herbal extract Moutan Cortex Radicis.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.83-91
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• 1994

직경 2인치 갈륨비소 단결정을 위한 수직온도구배냉각 결정성장치를 제작하여 크롬과 인듐이 함께 도핑된 반절연 갈륨비소 단결정을 성장하였다. 함께 도핑된 결정에 대해서,불순물의 편석계수는 크롬 또는 인듐만을 도핑한 결정에서 편석계수와 비교할 때 변하지 않고 같은 값을 갖는다. 크롬과 인듐의 농도는 결정의 종자부분 부터 꼬리부분까지 각각 $2{\Times}10^{16}~3{\Times}10^{17} cm^{-3}$과 $2{\Times}10^{19}~3{\Times}10^{20} cm^{-3}$의 범위내에서 분포되었다. 평균 전위밀도는 결정의 전 영역에 걸쳐 약 $8000cm^{-2}$ 미만으로 관측되었다. 또한 인듐농도가 증가함에 따라 전위 밀도가 $1000m^{-2}$ 미만으로 감소하는 격자강화의 효과도 관찰할 수 있었다. 갈륨비소의 결정성장 방향에 따라 캐리어의 농도는 $10^{16}$에서 $10^8cm^{-3}$로 감소한 반면 비저항 값은 $10^{-2}$에서 $10^8$ Ohm-cm로 급격하게 증가하였다. 반절연의 특성은 크롬농도 약 $6{\Times}10^{16}cm^{-3}$의 농도이상에서 얻을 수 있었다. 성장된 단결정 내의 깊은 준위는 두 개의 전자덫인 $E_C-0.81eV, E_C-0.35eV$와 두 개의 정공덫인$E_V+0.89eV, E_V+0.65eV$이다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1041-1054
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• 2004

Electroacupuncture (EA) has been reported to increase pain threshold, and to enhance the NK cell activity by up-regulation of IFN-γ and endogenous β-endolphin. For the purpose of understanding the molecular mechanism of EA stimulation, we analyzed the gene expression profile of rat hypothalamus, treated on Zusanli (ST36) with EA, in comparison with control group by oligonucleotide chip microarray (Affymetrix GeneChip Rat Neurobiology U34 Array) and real-time RT-PCR. Sprague-Dawley (S-D) male rats were stimulated at the Zusanli (ST36) acupoint in restriction holder. Simultaneously the control group was given only holder stress without EA stimulation. In order to prove the appropriateness of EA treatment, we measured spleen NK cell activity with standard 51Cr release assay. NK cell activity of EA group was significantly increased comparing to control group. The microarray and PCR results show that EA treatment up-regulates expression of genes associated with 1) nerve growth such as NGF induced factor A and VGF, 2) signal transduction such as 5HT3 receptor subunit, AMPA receptor binding protein and Na-dependent neurotransmitter transporter, and 3) anti-oxidation such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase. In addition, the activity of the anti-oxidative enzyme, SOD of hypothalamus, liver and RBC was enhanced compared to that of control. The list of differentially expressed genes may implicate further insight on the mechanism of acupuncture effects.