• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.70-78
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• 2008

목적: VEGF-C와 VEGF-D는 맥관형성성 인자이고, E-cadherin의 비정상 발현은 위암의 진행에 중요한 역할을 한다. 이 연구의 목적은 조기위암에서 E-cadherin, VEGF-C, -D 그리고 cytokeratin 18번을 이용하여 정확하게 측정된 림프절 전이와의 연관성을 연구하는데 있다. 대상 및 방법: 1997년 3월부터 2002년 12월까지 49명의 조기 위암환자들을 대상으로 E-cadherin, VEGF-C와 VEGF-D 면역화학염색을 시행하였다. 림프절 전이를 정확하게 측정하기 위하여 49명 환자들의 1,562개의 림프절을 cytokertin 18을 사용하여 재검사 하였다. 결과: 11 (0.7%)개의 림프절이 12.2% (n=6)의 환자들로부터 새롭게 발견되었다. 정확한 림프절 전이는 점막암에서 3.6%였고, 점막하암에서 38.1%였다. 병기 이동은 3명(6.1%)의 환자에서 관찰되었다. E-cadherin의 비정상 발현은 36.7%에서 발견되었고, VEGF-C와 VEGF-D의 발현은 각각 16.3%와 36.7%에서 관찰되었다. E-cadherin의 비정상 발현은 종양의 분화도(P<0.0103)와 Lauren 분류(P<0.0001)와 뚜렷한 연관성이 있었다. VEGF-C와 VEGF-D는 조기위암에서 림프절 전이를 포함한 임상병리학적 연관성이 없었다. 그러나 E-cadheirn이 비정상 발현되고 VEGF-C 또는 VEGF-D의 발현이 동반되는 환자들에서 림프절 전이의 빈도가 높았다(P=0.0031). 결론: 본 연구에서 조기위암에서 림프절 전이와 VEGF-C, VEGF-D의 발현과의 관계를 증명할 수 없었다. 하지만 E-cadherin이 비정상 발현을 하면서 VEGF-C 또는 VEGF-D의 발현을 동반할 경우 림프절 전이와 연관성이 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1133-1138
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• 2010

이 연구는 갑상샘 유두암 환자에서 VEGF, HIF-$1{\alpha}$, E-cadherin, p53의 발현 정도와 병기와의 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 2000년부터 2007년까지 갑상샘 절제술을 시행받은 101명의 환자의 의무기록을 후향적으로 검토하였다. VEGF, HIF-$1{\alpha}$, E-cadherin, p53의 발현은 면역학적으로 조사되었다. 갑상샘 유두암으로 진단된 45세 이상의 환자 중 54명을 대상으로 하여 VEGF, HIF-$1{\alpha}$, E-cadherin, p53의 발현이 분석되었다. E-cadherin의 발현소실과 병기 사이에는 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. VEGF의 발현과 HIF-$1{\alpha}$의 과발현 사이에는 유의한 관련성이 관찰되었다(p<0.05). E-cadherin의 발현소실은 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. HIF-$1{\alpha}$의 높은 발현이 HIF-VEGF 경로를 통해 종양간 맥관형성과 관련된 것으로 여겨진다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2002

Mutation of the P53 tumor suppressor gene playa major role in the development of many carcinomas, namely in the colon, breast and bladder, whereas the role played by such mutations in thyroid carcinogenesis remains controversial. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces proliferation of endothelial cells, stimulates angiogenesis, and increases vascular permeability. Increased VEGF expression has been associated with poor clinical outcomes in many malignancies E-cadherin, a calcium-dependent transmembrane glycoprotein, is an adhesion molecule Expression of p53, VEGF and E-cadherin was assessed immunohistochemically in 19 tall columnar variant of papillary carcinoma, 24 common papillary carcinoma and 7 follicular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of P53,VEGF and E-cadherin as a potential maker for the prognosis of thyroid carcinomas. The results are as follows: 1) There were no significance in any clinical parameters examined among tall columnar variant of papillary carcinoma, common papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma. 2) The expression of P53 demonstrated low in tall columnar variant of papillary carcinoma, common papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma, but a significantly high in regional lymph node metastasis. 3) The expression of VEGF demonstrated a significantly high in regional lymph node metastasis than those without metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. 4) The expression of E-cadherin demonstrated less often among papillary carcinomas with lymph node metastasis than in those without metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. In conclusion, it is suggested that VEGF and E-cadherin will be useful for the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma and serves as a biological marker for thyroid carcinoma lymph node metastasis.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표논문집
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• pp.335-338
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 HIF-$1{\alpha}$의 과발현은 VEGF의 발현과 유의한 상관 관계가 있음을 보여 주었다. 그리고, HIF-$1{\alpha}$의 과발현과 E-cadherin의 발현 사이에도 연관성은 있었지만 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 종양의 병기와 VEGF, HIF-$1{\alpha}$, E-cadherin, p53의 상관성을 살펴본 결과 E-cadherin에서만 유의성이 관찰되었다. 갑상샘 유두암종에서 HIF-$1{\alpha}$의 발현이 종양의 증식과 관련된 단백, 특히 맥관형성과 관련된 단백인 VEGF의 발현, p53의 축적 및 E-cadherin의 발현소실과의 관계, 그리고 병리학적 표지자와의 관련성을 조사하고, 갑상샘 유두암종 환자의 수술후 예후와의 관계를 알고자 하였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.469-478
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• 2006

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, a major regulator for angiogenesis, binds and activates two tyrosine kinase receptors, VEGFR1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR2 (KDR/Flk-1). These receptors regulate physiological as well as pathological angiogenesis. VEGFR2 has strong tyrosine kinase activity, and transduces the major signals for angiogenesis. However, unlike other representative tyrosine kinase receptors which use the Ras pathway, VEGFR2 mostly uses the Phospholipase-$C{\gamma}$-Protein kinase-C pathway to activate MAP-kinase and DNA synthesis. VEGFR2 is a direct signal transducer for pathological angiogenesis including cancer and diabetic retinopathy, thus, VEGFR2 itself and the signaling appear to be critical targets for the suppression of these diseases. VEGFR1 plays dual role, a negative role in angiogenesis in the embryo most likely by trapping VEGF-A, and a positive role in adulthood in a tyrosine kinase-dependent manner. VEGFR1 is expressed not only in endothelial cells but also in macrophage-lineage cells, and promotes tumor growth, metastasis, and inflammation. Furthermore, a soluble form of VEGFR1 was found to be present at abnormally high levels in the serum of preeclampsia patients, and induces proteinurea and renal dysfunction. Therefore, VEGFR1 is also an important target in the treatment of human diseases. Recently, the VEGFR2-specific ligand VEGF-E (Orf-VEGF) was extensively characterized. Interestingly, the activation of VEGFR2 via VEGF-E in vivo results in a strong angiogenic response in mice with minor side effects such as inflammation compared with VEGF-A, suggesting VEGF-E to be a novel material for pro-angiogenic therapy.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.665-670
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• 2012

이 연구는 자연발생고혈압쥐(SHR)의 혈압, 골격근에서의 혈관생성 및 혈관내피세포성장인자 발현(VEGF)에 미치는 지구성운동의 효과를 조사하였다. 5주령 SHR와 WKY는 무작위로 정상혈압군(WKY, Wistar-Kyoto rat, n=9), 고혈압통제군(SHR-C, SHR Control, n=9) 및 고혈압운동군(SHR-E, SHR Exercise, n=9)으로 각각 분류하였고, 지구성운동은 트레드밀을 이용하였다(12-20 m/min, 0% grade, 60 min/day, 5 days/wk, 16 wk). 수축기혈압은 지구성운동에 의해 효과적으로 감소되었다(SHR-E vs. SHR-C, $p$ <0.05). 골격근의 모세혈관밀도와 VEGF 단백발현은 고혈압통제군(SHR-C)이 정상혈압군(WKY)보다 모두 감소되었으나, 지구성운동(SHR-E)이 고혈압통제군(SHR-C)에 비해 모두 증가되었다. 이러한 결과들은 지구력운동 트레이닝이 SHR 골격근의 VEGF 단백발현의 증가를 통해 모세혈관밀도를 향상시키고, 이러한 모세혈관밀도의 향상이 SHR의 혈압상승을 억제할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2006

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a group of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid that have been used to reduce the incidence, growth and metastasis of breast, colon, prostate and gastric cancer in animals. CLA could reduce tumor growth by altering angiogenesis; a process requiring associated angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In this study, we determined whether CLA could modulate the expression of VEGF in murine mammary tumor cells and adipocytes. The c9, t11-CLA isomer reduced VEGF transcripts and protein when mammary tumor cells were stimulated with PMA. That isomer also reduced VEGF expression in un stimulated mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Since VEGF can be regulated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), we determined whether CLA could alter COX-2 enzyme expression and $PGE_2$ production. The c9, t11-CLA isomer reduced not only COX-2 enzyme expression but also $PGE_2$ production. Thus, c9, t11-CLA could modulate neovascularization by alteration of VEGF expression from mammary tumor cells and adipocytes by reducing COX-2 metabolites.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.543-551
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• 2001

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), or VEGF-A, is intimately involved in both physiological and pathological forms of angiogenesis. VEGF-A is now recognized as the founding member of a family of growth factors that has expanded to include VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGF-E, and placental growth factor (PIGF). This family of cytokines binds differentially to at least three receptor tyrosine kinases, however, the extent to which family members other than VEGF-A contribute to physiological and pathological angiogenesis remains unclear. Issues that are of relevance include uncertainty regarding the consequences of signaling through VEGF - RI in particular, and the ability of some family members to heterodimerize, leading to the possibility ofheterodimeric receptor complexes. Structural characterization is one approach that can be used to address these issues, however, the vast majority of previous structure-function studies have only focused on VEGF-A. While these studies may provide some clues regarding the structural basis of the interaction of other family members with their receptors, studies using the ligands themselves are clearly required if highly specific interactions are to be revealed. With the recent progress toward refolding and purifying substantial' quantities of other VEGF family members, such structural studies are now possible. Here, these ~ssues are addressed with a particular emphasis on VEGF-B and its receptors.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1024-1030
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• 2007

We investigated the human apolipoprotein E2 (apoE2) transgenic mouse as an animal model system for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Transgenic mice expressing human apoE2 and C57BL/6J mice were fed normal chow or a high-fat diet for 4 weeks. Eyes were collected from the mice and lipid deposits in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were assessed using electron microscopy. The expressions of apoE, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and pigment-epithelium derived factor (PEDF), which are molecular markers for angiogenesis, were assessed with immunohistochemistry. Eyes from apoE2 mice, regardless of diet, contained lipid accumulation in RPE under electron microscopy, whereas control C57BL/6J eyes did not. Lipid accumulation was found predominantly in the RPE and the Bruch's membrane and increased in the eyes of apoE2 mice after one month of a high-fat diet ($8{\pm}2\;per\;50{\mu}m^2$ for normal chow and $11{\pm}2\;per\;50\;{\mu}m^2,\;p<0.05)$. ApoE expression was similar in the apoE2 and control mice; however, VEGF and bFGF were overexpressed in the retinal pigment epithelium of apoE2 eyes compared with control eyes, and PEDF expression was slightly decreased. These expression patterns of VEGF, bFGF, and PEDF suggest angiogenesis is progressing in apoE2 eyes. In conclusion, the eyes of apoE2 mice develop typical lipid accumulations, a common characteristic of AMD, making them a suitable animal model for AMD. The expression profile of VEGF and bFGF on the retinal pigment epithelium suggests that apoE2 may induce neovascularization by altering angiogenic cytokines.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1355-1359
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• 2014

To detect goat vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated regrowth of hair, full-length VEGF164 cDNA was cloned from Inner Mongolia cashmere goat (Capra hircus) into the pET-his prokaryotic expression vector, and the recombinant plasmid was transferred into E. coli BL21 cells. The expression of recombinant $6{\times}his-gVEGF164$ protein was induced by 0.5 mM isopropyl thio-${\beta}$-D-galactoside at $32^{\circ}C$. Recombinant goat VEGF164 (rgVEGF164) was purified and identified by western blot using monoclonal anti-his and anti-VEGF antibodies. The rgVEGF164 was smeared onto the dorsal area of a shaved mouse, and we noted that hair regrowth in this area was faster than in the control group. Thus, rgVEGF164 increases hair growth in mice.