• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 1984

A number of studies on the papillae of cercariae of trematodes reported that the papillar patterns (or chaetotaxy) of cercariae might be an excellent method to attain better understanding of the digenetic trematodes (Richard, 1971 ; Short and Cartrett, 1973; Bayssade-Dufour, 1979) . The present study was aimed to determine the number, distribution pattern and structure of the sensory papillae of Metagonimus yokogawai cercariae, and to elucidate the chaetotaxy of this digenetic trematode. M. yokogawai cercariae were pipetted from a vial in which infected snails (Semisulcospira libertina) had been kept for 3 hours. The snails were collected from an endemic area of M. yokogawai, Boseong river in west-southern part of Korea. Observations of papillae were based on light microscopy of those stained with silver nitrate, and on scanning electron microscopy The results are summarized as follows: 1, All papillae observed were uniciliated. 2. Cilia in anterior tip were shorter than the others in other portions. 3. The body papillae were arranged in essentially symmetrical patterns, Total number of the papillae was 126(63 pairs) in average; anterior tip 40(20 pairs), ventral 20(10 pairs), lateral 42(21 pairs), and caudal 8(4 pairs). 4. The chaetotany of M. yokogawai cercaria was: Ci cycle ($3+3C_{I}V,{\;}2+2C_{I}L,{\;}2+3C_{I}D),{\;}C_{II}{\;}cycle(2C_{II}V,{\;}1C_{II}L,{\;}2C_{II}D),{\;}C_{lll}{\;}cycle{\;}(1+lC_{III}V,{\;}1C_{IlI}L),{\;}C_{IV}{\;}cycle{\;}(1C_{IV}V,{\;}IC_{lV}L){\;}in{\;}cephalic{\;}region:{\;}A_I(1A_{IV}V,{\;}1+2A_{I}L,{\;}1A_{I}D),{\;}A_{II}(1A_{II}V,{\;}1+3A_{II}L,{\;}1A_{II}D),{\;}A_{III}(1A_{III}V,{\;}1+1A_{III}L,{\;}1A_{III}D){\;}and{\;}A_{IV}(1A_{IV}V,{\;}2A_{IV}L)$ in antacetabular region: $1M_{I}V{\;}and{\;}2M_{I}L$ in median: $1+1P_{I}L,{\;}1P_{II}L,{\;}1P_{II}D,{\;}1P_{III}L,{\;}1P_{IV}L{\;}and{\;}1P_{IV}D$ in postacetabular region: 2-2-2-2 in caudal region.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.661-677
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• 2015

In this paper, we consider the following Kirchhoff-type Schr$\ddot{o}$dinger system $$\{-\(a_1+b_1{\int}_{\mathbb{R^3}}{\mid}{\nabla}u{\mid}^2dx\){\Delta}u+{\gamma}V(x)u=\frac{2{\alpha}}{{\alpha}+{\beta}}{\mid}u{\mid}^{\alpha-2}u{\mid}v{\mid}^{\beta}\;in\;\mathbb{R}^3,\\-\(a_2+b_2{\int}_{\mathbb{R^3}}{\mid}{\nabla}v{\mid}^2dx\){\Delta}v+{\gamma}W(x)v=\frac{2{\beta}}{{\alpha}+{\beta}}{\mid}u{\mid}^{\alpha}{\mid}v{\mid}^{\beta-2}v\;in\;\mathbb{R}^3,\\u,v{\in}H^1(\mathbb{R}^3),$$ where $a_i$ and $b_i$ are positive constants for i = 1, 2, ${\gamma}$ > 0 is a parameter, V (x) and W(x) are nonnegative continuous potential functions. By applying the Nehari manifold method and the concentration-compactness principle, we obtain the existence and concentration of ground state solutions when the parameter ${\gamma}$ is sufficiently large.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.202-209
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• 1974

Polarographic behaviors of copper and cadmium complexes with 2,2'-bipyridine and ethylenediamine in acetonitrile have been investigated by the DC and AC polarography. The reduction processes are estimated as follows; $Cu(II)-bipy. \;complex\;{\longrightarrow^{e^-}_{E_{1/2}\risingdotseq+0.1V}}\;Cu(I)-bipy.\;complex\;{\longrightarrow^{e^-}_{E_{1/2}=-0.43V}}\;Cu(Hg)$$Cu(II)-en.\;complex\;{\longrightarrow^{e^-}}\;Cu(I)-en.\;complex\;{times}\;{\longrightarrow^{e^-}_{E_{1/2}=-0.56V}}\;Cu(Hg)$$Cu(II)-bipy. \;complex\;{\longrightarrow^{e^-}_{E_{1/2}=-0.57V}}\;Cu(I)-bipy.\;complex\;{\longrightarrow^{2e^-}_{E_{1/2}=-0.97V}}\;Cd(I)-bipy\;complex$$Cu(II)-en.\;complex\;{\longrightarrow^{e^-}_{E_{1/2}=+0.05V}\;Cu(I)-en.\;complex{\longrightarrow^{e^-}_{E_{1/2}=-0.92V}}\;Cu(Hg)$ The limiting currents of all steps are controlled by diffusion. The number of ligand and the dissociation constant for Cu(Ⅰ)-bipy. complex were found to be n = 2 and $K_d=(1.5{\pm}0.1){\times}10^{-7}$, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 1985

D.K. Harrison [5] has shown that if R and S are fields of characteristic different from 2, then two Witt rings W(R) and W(S) are isomorphic if and only if W(R)/I(R)$^{3}$ and W(S)/I(S)$^{3}$ are isomorphic where I(R) and I(S) denote the fundamental ideals of W(R) and W(S) respectively. In [1], J.K. Arason and A. Pfister proved a corresponding result when the characteristics of R and S are 2, and, in [9], K.I. Mandelberg proved the result when R and S are commutative semi-local rings having 2 a unit. In this paper, we prove the result when R and S are 2-fold full rings. Throughout this paper, unless otherwise specified, we assume that R is a commutative ring having 2 a unit. A quadratic space (V, B, .phi.) over R is a finitely generated projective R-module V with a symmetric bilinear mapping B: V*V.rarw.R which is nondegenerate (i.e., the natural mapping V.rarw.Ho $m_{R}$ (V, R) induced by B is an isomorphism), and with a quadratic mapping .phi.:V.rarw.R such that B(x,y)=(.phi.(x+y)-.phi.(x)-.phi.(y))/2 and .phi.(rx)= $r^{2}$.phi.(x) for all x, y in V and r in R. We denote the group of multiplicative units of R by U(R). If (V, B, .phi.) is a free rank n quadratic space over R with an orthogonal basis { $x_{1}$, .., $x_{n}$}, we will write < $a_{1}$,.., $a_{n}$> for (V, B, .phi.) where the $a_{i}$=.phi.( $x_{i}$) are in U(R), and denote the space by the table [ $a_{ij}$ ] where $a_{ij}$ =B( $x_{i}$, $x_{j}$). In the case n=2 and B( $x_{1}$, $x_{2}$)=1/2, we reserve the notation [ $a_{11}$, $a_{22}$] for the space.the space.e.e.e.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.1311-1326
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• 2012

We are concerned with the multiplicity of semiclassical solutions of the following Schr$\ddot{o}$dinger system involving critical nonlinearity and magnetic fields $$\{-({\varepsilon}{\nabla}+iA(x))^2u+V(x)u=H_u(u,v)+K(x)|u|^{2*-2}u,\;x{\in}\mathbb{R}^N,\\-({\varepsilon}{\nabla}+iB(x))^2v+V(x)v=H_v(u,v)+K(x)|v|^{2*-2}v,\;x{\in}\mathbb{R}^N,$$ where $2^*=2N/(N-2)$ is the Sobolev critical exponent and $i$ is the imaginary unit. Under proper conditions, we prove the existence and multiplicity of the nontrivial solutions to the perturbed system.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2007

Hearing loss is a common congenital disorder that is frequently associated with mutations in the Cx26 gene (GJB2). Recently, the mutation analysis of GJB2 has been used in a newborn screening test for the detection of hearing impairment. Population-based studies should be performed before the application of genetic testing for the identification of deaf newborns. In this study, 8 positions of GJB2 mutations-including 35delG, 167delT, 235delC, V27I, V37I, M34T, E114G, and I203T-were analyzed using PCR-direct sequencing in a total of 437 healthy Korean neonates. DNAs from dried blood spots were extracted using a commercial DNA extraction kit. The PCR-amplified products (783 bps) of the GJB2 gene were detected using 2% agarose gel electrophoresis and subjected to direct sequencing. The sequences were compared with those in the GenBank database by using the BLAST program. In this study, 5 GJB2 mutations -including V27I (79G>A), V37I (109G>A), E114G (341A>G), I203T (608T>C), and 235delC- were found. Of the 437 neonate samples, 301 subjects showed GJB2 mutations (68.9%, 301/437). The V27I mutation was found in 271 subjects and was the most frequent (62.0%, 271/437). The E114G, I203T and V37I mutations were shown in 146, 17 and 14 subjects, respectively. The 235delC mutation was found in 1 subject. The E114G mutation was frequently accompanied by the V27I mutation. V27I/E114G (97.2%, 143/147) was the most common double mutation and 3 subjects had the double mutation V27I/I203T. A triple mutation, V27I/E114G/I203T, was found in 1 subject. In conclusion, PCR-direct sequencing is a convenient tool for the rapid detection of GJB2 mutations and this data might provide information for the genetic counseling of the GJB2 gene.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2011

In [7], Th.M. Rassias proved that the norm defined over a real vector space V is induced by an inner product if and only if for a fixed integer $n{\geq}2$ $${\sum_{i=1}^{n}}\left\|x_i-{\frac{1}{n}}{\sum_{j=1}^{n}}x_j \right\|^2={\sum_{i=1}^{n}}{\parallel}x_i{\parallel}^2-n\left\|{\frac{1}{n}}{\sum_{i=1}^{n}}x_i \right\|^2$$ holds for all $x_1$, ${\cdots}$, $x_n{\in}V$. Let V, W be real vector spaces. It is shown that if an even mapping $f:V{\rightarrow}W$ satisfies $$(0.1)\;{\sum_{i=1}^{2n}f}\(x_i-{\frac{1}{2n}}{\sum_{j=1}^{2n}}x_j\)={\sum_{i=1}^{2n}}f(x_i)-2nf\({\frac{1}{2n}}{\sum_{i=1}^{2n}}x_i\)$$ for all $x_1$, ${\cdots}$, $x_{2n}{\in}V$, then the even mapping $f:V{\rightarrow}W$ is quadratic. Furthermore, we prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of the quadratic functional equation (0.1) in Banach spaces.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.1336-1336
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• 1998

A twt -step carbothermal reduction scheme has been employed for the synthesis of SiC whiskers in an Ar or a H2 atmosphere via vapor-solid two-stage and vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism respectively. It has been shown that the whisker growth proceed through the following reaction mechanism in an Ar at-mosphere : SiO2(S)+C(s)-SiO(v)+CO(v) SiO(v)3CO(v)=SiC(s)whisker+2CO2(v) 2C(s)+2CO2(v)=4CO(v) the third reaction appears to be the rate-controlling reaction since the overall reaction rates are dominated by the carbon which is participated in this reaction. The whisker growth proceeded through the following reaction mechaism in a H2 atmosphere : SiO2(s)+C(s)=SiO(v)+CO(v) 2C(s)+4H2(v)=2CH4(v) SiO(v)+2CH4(v)=SiC(s)whisker+CO(v)+4H2(v) The first reaction appears to be the rate-controlling reaction since the overall reaction rates are enhanced byincreasing the SiO vapor generation rate.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.455-466
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• 2008

In, [7], Th.M. Rassias proved that the norm defined over a real vector space V is induced by an inner product if and only if for a fixed integer $n{\geq}2$ $$n{\left\|{\frac{1}{n}}{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}}x_i{\left\|^2+{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}}\right\|}{x_i-{\frac{1}{n}}{\sum\limits_{j=1}^{n}x_j}}\right\|^2}={\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}}{\parallel}x_i{\parallel}^2$$ holds for all $x_1,{\cdots},x_{n}{\in}V$. Let V,W be real vector spaces. It is shown that if a mapping $f:V{\rightarrow}W$ satisfies $$(0.1){\hspace{10}}nf{\left({\frac{1}{n}}{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}}x_i \right)}+{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}}f{\left({x_i-{\frac{1}{n}}{\sum\limits_{j=1}^{n}}x_i}\right)}\\{\hspace{140}}={\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}}f(x_i)$$ for all $x_1$, ${\dots}$, $x_{n}{\in}V$ $$(0.2){\hspace{10}}2f\(\frac{x+y}{2}\)+f\(\frac{x-y}{2} \)+f\(\frac{y}{2}-x\)\\{\hspace{185}}=f(x)+f(y)$$ for all $x,y{\in}V$. Furthermore, we prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of the functional equation (0.2) in real Banach spaces.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.427-436
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• 2005

Let (R, m) be a 2-dimensional regular local ring with algebraically closed residue field R/m. Let K be the quotient field of R and v be a prime divisor of R, i.e., a valuation of K which is birationally dominating R and residually transcendental over R. Zariski showed that there are finitely many simple v-ideals $m=P_0\;{\supset}\;P_1\;{\supset}\;{\cdotS}\;{\supset}\;P_t=P$ and all the other v-ideals are uniquely factored into a product of those simple ones. It then was also shown by Lipman that the predecessor of the smallest simple v-ideal P is either simple (P is free) or the product of two simple v-ideals (P is satellite), that the sequence of v-ideals between the maximal ideal and the smallest simple v-ideal P is saturated, and that the v-value of the maximal ideal is the m-adic order of P. Let m = (x, y) and denote the v-value difference |v(x) - v(y)| by $n_v$. In this paper, if the m-adic order of P is 2, we show that $O(P_i)\;=\;1\;for\;1\;{\leq}\;i\; {\leq}\;{\lceil}\;{\frac{b+1}{2}}{\rceil}\;and\;O(P_i)\;=2\;for\;{\lceil}\;\frac{b+3}{2}\rceil\;{\leq}\;i\;\leq\;t,\;where\;b=n_v$. We also show that $n_w\;=\;n_v$ when w is the prime divisor associated to a simple v-ideal $Q\;{\supset}\;P$ of order 2 and that w(R) = v(R) as well.