• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2024

With the advancement of ICT (Information and Communication Technology), searching for judgments through the internet has become increasingly convenient. However, predicting sentencing based on judgments remains a challenging task for individuals. This is because sentencing involves a complex process of applying aggravating and mitigating factors within the framework of legal provisions, and it often depends on the subjective judgment of the judge. Therefore, this research aimed to develop a model for predicting sentencing using artificial intelligence by focusing on structuring the data from judgments, making it suitable for AI applications. Through theoretical and statistical analysis of previous studies, we identified variables with high explanatory power for predicting sentencing. Additionally, by analyzing 50 legal judgments related to serious crimes that are publicly available, we presented a framework for extracting essential information from judgments. This framework encompasses basic case information, sentencing details, reasons for sentencing, the reasons for the determination of the sentence, as well as information about offenders, victims, and accomplices evident within the specific content of the judgments. This research is expected to contribute to the development of artificial intelligence technologies in the field of law in the future.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.250-258
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• 2007

Current speech recognition technology s achieved high performance with the development of hardware devices, however it is insufficient for some applications where high reliability is required, such as voice control of powered wheelchairs for disabled persons. For the system which aims to operate powered wheelchairs safely by voice in real environment, we need to consider that non-voice commands such as user s coughing, breathing, and spark-like mechanical noise should be rejected and the wheelchair system need to recognize the speech commands affected by disability, which contains specific pronunciation speed and frequency. In this paper, we propose non-voice rejection method to perform voice/non-voice classification using both YIN based fundamental frequency(F0) extraction and reliability in preprocessing. We adopted a multi-template dictionary and acoustic modeling based speaker adaptation to cope with the pronunciation variation of inarticulately uttered speech. From the recognition tests conducted with the data collected in real environment, proposed YIN based fundamental extraction showed recall-precision rate of 95.1% better than that of 62% by cepstrum based method. Recognition test by a new system applied with multi-template dictionary and MAP adaptation also showed much higher accuracy of 99.5% than that of 78.6% by baseline system.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.89-96
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• 2024

This is a descriptive research study to confirm the mediating effect of empathy in the relationship between communication skills and interpersonal relationship of MZ generation nursing students. The subjects of this study were 129 nursing students born in 1981 to 2006, corresponding to the MZ generation, and the data collection period was from May 20 to July 30, 2023. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 program, and the mediating effect of empathy was tested by Baron and Kenny's three-step mediating effect verification procedure, and Sobel test was conducted to test the statistical significance of the mediating effect. As a result of the analysis, communication skills (β=.45, p<.001) and empathy (β=.18, p=.008) had a significant effect on interpersonal relationship. These variables were found to have 48.4% explanatory power for interpersonal relationship. Empathy had a partial mediating effect (z=2.39, p=.016) in the relationship between communication skills and interpersonal relationship. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of the MZ generation familiar with the non-face-to-face culture that will be in charge of future nursing and to develop effective programs to improve their interpersonal relationship.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.45-58
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• 2024

Drought risk is expected to increase as the frequency, intensity, and duration of droughts increase due to climate change. Drought risk is related to not only hydro-meteorological factors, but also water supply and demand. Recently, along with climate change, socioeconomic factors have also been recognized to increase drought risk. Therefore, it is necessary to outlook the drought risk considering various conditions for coping with future extreme droughts in a timely manner. In addition, considering various drought scenarios help reduce the uncertainty in future drought outlook. In this study, drought scenarios considering climate change scenarios, population, and water demand were created to outlook drought risk for 160 administrative districts in Korea, then new levels of drought risk were assigned based on the results of drought risk outlook to suggest drought management measures. The results showed that the drought risk will increase in the future in 2020, 2025, and 2030, compared to past. Especially the drought risk is likely twice as high in 2030 under the baseline and high scenarios. Applying the drought outlook results from this study to the new methodology for setting the risk levels shows that most regions are in Response (V) in 2020 and 2030 for baseline and high scenarios.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.430-436
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• 2023

Study on Changes in Vessel Traffic Services Due to Introduction of Maritime Autonomous Surface ShipsThe development of technologies related to Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) has been actively progressing since the mid-2010s, focusing on themes such as collision avoidance, route planning, digital twin, and communication technologies. On the other hand, research on land-based infrastructure connected with MASS, such as logistics systems, port facilities, and vessel traffic services, has relatively received less attention. This study analyzed impact of emergence of MASS on existing vessel traffic service operations and proposed changes in control operations to prepare for its impact. To do this, current vessel traffic service operations were analyzed and elements of MASS technology that could affect vessel traffic control were identified. A survey was conducted among vessel traffic controllers to identify items related to the control of MASS. Results analyzed using the AHP method showed that preparation for emergency response and communication methods with MASS were the most important. Based on this, we were able to derive detailed plans for basic MASS control procedures and emergency response procedures based on data communication within maritime traffic control areas. MASS control procedures proposed in this study are expected to be used as a solution to resolve issues related to traffic safety of MASS in coastal areas.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.131-152
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• 2023

One of the key domains within a smart tourism city, smart mobility, encompasses advanced transportation means and services rooted in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). This includes shared bicycles, scooters, car-sharing services, smart transportation infrastructure, and more, aiming to surpass limitations of conventional transport and improve the movement of people and goods. It also serves tourists as an affordable and convenient mode of transport between attractions while also enhancing the overall travel experience. This study has defined 'smart tourism mobility' as a form of mobility grounded in ICT, exhibiting exceptional connectivity, serving public interest, and serving as a mode of transport for both residents and tourists in a smart tourism city. The research aimed to outline the scope of smart tourism mobility-related industries through expert Delphi surveys and estimate their economic effects within a smart tourism city. Specifically, this study updated 2015 input-output table and made 2020 regional input-output table of Seoul adopting RAS method and location quotient method. The results showed that the about 2.8 billion KRW investment of Seoul in smart tourism mobility may create more than 4.1 billion KRW in production inducement effect which is expected to create more than 1.6 billion KRW of income-inducing effect, 3.6 billion KRW of value-added-inducing effect, and 54 employment across all industries in Seoul in 2022.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.219-235
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• 2023

The advancement of digital technology and the impact of COVID-19 have brought about changes in corporate innovation and organizational culture, thereby highlighting the significance of Smart Learning in the field of HRD (Human Resource Development). This trend has led to an increased interest in personalized Smart Learning among employees due to the growth of hybrid work and the widespread adoption of smart work practices. This study aimed to illuminate the relative importance of the factors that constitute Smart Learning from the perspective of HRD practitioners. Through a review of prior literature, Smart Learning hierarchy and factors most fitting to the current context were identified, and their relative importance was determined using the AHP method. Consequently, in the first-tier factors, importance was confirmed in the order of 'Learning Activities', 'Teaching Activities', 'Learning Content', 'Assessment and Evaluations', and 'Learning Time and Space'. At the second-tier encompassing all factors, 'Pedagogical Strategy', 'Learning Results', 'Learning Tasks', 'Learning Goal', and 'Learning Support' emerged within the top five factors. These findings are significant in that they redefine the concept of smart learning and propose an academic framework for future research. Additionally, from a practical perspective, it is anticipated that this study will contribute valuable insights for HRD practitioners, aiding them in focusing on which factors to prioritize for enhancing and advancing Smart Learning initiatives.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.147-157
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• 2023

This paper investigates the financial factors affecting angel investors' investment decisions for 818 firms from 2009 to 2018 in the Korean venture investment market. We construct a quasi-experimental design using propensity scoring matching and compare the investment determinants between investment firms and matching firms. The main empirical findings are as follows. First, we find that angel investors are more likely to choose firms based on a firm's growth such as profit and assets rather than profitability or financial stability. In addition, we identify that they prefer the firm not only higher intangible assets but also higher R&D expenditures. Second, we find that angel investors consider both growth and activity ratios in the firms for over three years and have entered the mid-stage of startups. Overall, we confirm that the investment decision of angel investors mainly focuses on the venture startups' growth trend or future growth potential rather than the realized profitability or financial stability. We also infer that the possibility of performance creation is an important investment factor along with growth for the mid-stage startup.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.541-554
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• 2023

The utilization of underground spaces in relation to tunnels and energy/waste storage is on the rise. To ensure the stability of underground spaces, it is crucial to reinforce rock fractures and discontinuities. Discontinuities, such as joints, can weaken the strength of the rock and lead to groundwater inflow into underground spaces. In order to enhance the strength and stability of the area around these discontinuities, rock grouting techniques are employed. However, during rock grouting, it is impossible to visually confirm whether the grouting material is being smoothly injected as intended. Without proper injection, the expected increases in strength, durability, and degree of consolidation may not be achieved. Therefore, it is necessary to predict in advance whether the grouting material is being injected as designed. In this study, we aimed to assess the injection performance based on injection variables such as the water/cement mixture ratio, injection pressure, and injection flow using UDEC (Universal Distinct Element Code) numerical program. Additionally, numerical results were validated by the lab experiment. The results of this study are expected to help optimize variables such as injection material properties, injection time, and pump pressure in the grouting design in the field.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 2024

This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of rape stalk (RAS) as a raw material for the production of solid bio-fuels. RAS was immersed in an aqueous solution with acetic acid concentration of 1 percent, The content of reducing sugars separated from the RAS was analyzed. Glucose showed the highest content followed by xylose, galactose, arabinose and mannose. The immersed and non-immersed RAS were used for producing pellets with a pilot-scaled flat-die pellet mill. Bulk density and calorific values of the pellets improved with the use of the immersed RAS and the addition of wood particles. The values exceeded the minimum requirements for the A-grade of non-woody pellets (≧600 kg/m³ & ≧ 14.5 MJ/kg) designated by the ISO. Ash content of the pellets reduced with the immersion of RAS and the value satisfied the A-grade level (≦6.0%) of the ISO standard. The durability of the immersed RAS-based pellets was much higher than that of non-immersed IRS-based pellets, and the values were increased with the addition of wood particles. However, the durability did not meet the acceptance level for the B-grade of non-woody pellets (≧96.0%) designated by the ISO. These results suggested that the addition of binders in the production of non-woody pellets using an RAS immersed in acetic acid-based aqueous solution is required for the commercialization of the pellets.