• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2009

Forty-two percent of the patients with renal failure that requires continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) have been reported to have severe malnutrition, and preexisting malnutrition is a statistically significant and independent predictor of negative hospital outcomes. We performed this study to evaluate the appropriateness of the calorie and protein provided for the critically ill patients who require CRRT. One hundred forty-nine patients who received CRRT were enrolled. The demographic data, the length of the ICU stay and the mortality were recorded. The calorie/protein intake and the blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin and creatinine levels were used as nutritional parameters. The mean daily calorie intake during CRRT was 16.1${\pm}$7.4 kcal/kg, which was 64% of the recommended intake. Only 10% of the patients received the recommended caloric intake and the ratio of the enteral and parenteral calories was 26%/74%. The mean protein intake was 0.58${\pm}$0.34 g/kg, which was 38% of the recommended intake. The calorie and protein intakes at the termination of CRRT were significantly increased compared to the initial day of treatment, but they stayed under the recommended intake. The BUN, creatinine and albumin levels were significantly increased in the survival group (odds ratio for albumin: 2.73; creatinine: 2.43). A strategy to increase the nutrition provision is needed to improve the nutritional statuses and clinical outcomes of the critically ill patients who require CRRT.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.607-613
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• 2005

배 경 : 지역사회획득폐렴은 진단 및 치료의 연구 발전에 비해 사망률이 높은 질환이다. 입원환자에서 조기 사망률은 높지만 이와 연관된 인자에 대한 연구는 빈약하다. 이에 저자들은 기존 자료를 바탕으로 응급실에서 지역사회획득폐렴으로 방문하여 조기 사망한 환자들을 분석하여 관련인자를 파악하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1999년 1월부터 2004년 7월까지 지역사회획득폐렴으로 응급실 방문하여 호흡기 내과로 입원한 환자 1487명중에서 방문 후 48시간 내에 사망한 환자 30명과 치유되어 퇴원한 환자 중 나이와 성별을 짝지은 60명을 대조군으로 비교분석하였다. 결 과 : 응급실 방문 당시 호흡수, 맥박수, 혈액요소질소는 조기사망군이 대조군에 비해 모두 유의하게 높았다(p < 0.05). 수축기 혈압, pH, 동맥혈산소분압은 모두 유의하게 낮았다 (p < 0.05). 다중회귀분석을 통해 빈호흡이 독립적으로 조기 사망에 영향을 미치는 인자로 밝혀졌다 (교차비 7.049). 결 론 : 지역사회획득폐렴으로 응급실 방문한 환자에서 조기 사망의 위험성이 높은 자를 인지하려는 노력이 필요하고, 빈호흡을 포함한 조기 임상양상 및 검사실소견을 주의 깊게 관찰하는 것이 중요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.665-675
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• 2018

A total of 80 pigs [(Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) ${\times}$ Duroc] with an average body weight of $72.9{\pm}2.6kg$ were used in the present study to investigate the effects of fermented whole crop wheat and barley with or without supplementing inoculums throughout the restricted feeding in finishing pigs. There were 4 replicate pens per treatment. Pigs were fed ad libitum throughout the experiment as the control (CON), and the other four groups were restricted to 10% in the CON diet and fed ad libitum fermented whole crop cereals: fermented whole crop barley with inoculums; fermented whole crop barley without inoculums; fermented whole crop wheat with inoculums; and fermented whole crop wheat without inoculums. During the entire experiment, the average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased in the fermented barley and fermented wheat groups compared to the CON, while no difference was observed in the average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (gain : feed ratio, G : F) between the control and fermented whole crop barley, wheat diet group. Dry matter and nitrogen digestibility did not show a significant difference among the treatments. In the blood constituents, concentrations of blood urea nitrogen were significantly lower in pigs fed fermented whole crop barley without inoculum diets compared with the other treatments. In conclusion, restricted feeding with fermented whole crop barley and wheat regardless of the supplementing inoculums showed no significant difference in growth performance compared to the CON. This suggests that there is a possibility that fermented whole crop barley and wheat could replace part of the conventional diets.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.1066-1077
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of herbal medicine on blood glucose in diabetic patients. Methods: The subjects were patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) who had been admitted to Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital for more than 8 weeks for a primary diagnosis other than DM and who had taken herbal medicine for more than 8 weeks from January 2010 to February 2020. The medical records were analyzed retrospectively to confirm the characteristics of the subjects, and examination results included hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine. Changes in HbA1c before and after taking herbal medicine and changes according to subgroups were analyzed. Results: A total of 149 subjects with type 2 DM were selected as participants. After taking the herbal medicine, the HbA1c value was significantly decreased, and the statistical significance was maintained even when the effect of controlling antidiabetic agents was excluded. The decrease in HbA1c was higher in the poor glycemic control group. Liver and kidney functions did not show any significant changes after taking the herbal medicine. Conclusions: Administration of herbal medicine for a long period of 8 weeks or longer did not increase HbA1c in patients with DM complicated by other various diseases.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.670-681
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Oxidative stress is caused by reactive oxygen species and free radicals that accelerate inflammatory responses and exacerbate fatigue. Tormentic acid (TA) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, the aim of present study is to determine the fatigue-regulatory effects of TA in H₂O₂-stimulated myoblast cell line, C2C12 cells and treadmill stress test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) animal models. MATERIALS/METHODS: In the in vitro study, C2C12 cells were pretreated with TA before stimulation with H₂O₂. Then, malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) activity, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glycogen, and cell viability were analyzed. In the in vivo study, the ICR male mice were administered TA or distilled water orally daily for 28 days. FST and TST were then performed on the last day. In addition, biochemical analysis of the serum, muscle, and liver was performed. RESULTS: TA dose-dependently alleviated the levels of MDA, LDH, CK activity, TNF-α, and IL-6 in H₂O₂-stimulated C2C12 cells without affecting the cytotoxicity. TA increased the SOD and CAT activities and the glycogen levels in H₂O₂-stimulated C2C12 cells. In TST and FST animal models, TA decreased the FST immobility time significantly while increasing the TST exhaustion time without weight fluctuations. The in vivo studies showed that the levels of SOD, CAT, citrate synthase, glycogen, and free fatty acid were increased by TA administration, whereas TA significantly reduced the levels of glucose, MDA, LDH, lactate, CK, inflammatory cytokines, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, and cortisol compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: TA improves fatigue by modulating oxidative stress and energy metabolism in C2C12 cells and animal models. Therefore, we suggest that TA can be a powerful substance in healthy functional foods and therapeutics to improve fatigue.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.911-920
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• 2022

Objective: ⁶⁸Ga-NGUL is a novel prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting tracer based on Glu-Urea-Lys derivatives conjugated to a 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N''-triacetic acid (NOTA) chelator via a thiourea-type short linker. This phase I clinical trial of ⁶⁸Ga-NGUL was conducted to evaluate the safety and radiation dosimetry of ⁶⁸Ga-NGUL in healthy volunteers and the lesion detection rate of ⁶⁸Ga-NGUL in patients with prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: We designed a prospective, open-label, single-arm clinical trial with two cohorts comprising six healthy adult men and six patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Safety and blood test-based toxicities were monitored throughout the study. PET/CT scans were acquired at multiple time points after administering ⁶⁸Ga-NGUL (2 MBq/kg; 96-165 MBq). In healthy adults, absorbed organ doses and effective doses were calculated using the OLINDA/EXM software. In patients with prostate cancer, the rates of detecting suspicious lesions by ⁶⁸Ga-NGUL PET/CT and conventional imaging (CT and bone scintigraphy) during the screening period, within one month after recruitment, were compared. Results: All 12 participants (six healthy adults aged 31-32 years and six prostate cancer patients aged 57-81 years) completed the clinical trial. No drug-related adverse events were observed. In the healthy adult group, ⁶⁸Ga-NGUL was rapidly distributed, with the highest uptake in the kidneys. The median effective dose coefficient was calculated as 0.025 mSv/MBq, and cumulative activity in the bladder had the highest contribution. In patients with metastatic prostate cancer, 229 suspicious lesions were detected using either ⁶⁸Ga-NGUL PET/CT or conventional imaging. Among them, ⁶⁸Ga-NGUL PET/CT detected 199 (86.9%) lesions and CT or bone scintigraphy detected 114 (49.8%) lesions. Conclusion: ⁶⁸Ga-NGUL can be safely applied clinically and has shown a higher detection rate for the localization of metastatic lesions in prostate cancer than conventional imaging. Therefore, ⁶⁸Ga-NGUL is a valuable option for prostate cancer imaging.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.547-561
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• 2024

In this study, we aim to investigate the precise alterations in the gut microbiota during the onset and advancement of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and examine the impact of Ruminococcus gnavus (R. gnavus) on DN. Eight-week-old male KK-Ay mice were administered antibiotic cocktails for a duration of two weeks, followed by oral administration of R. gnavus for an additional eight weeks. Our study revealed significant changes in the gut microbiota during both the initiation and progression of DN. Specifically, we observed a notable increase in the abundance of Clostridia at the class level, higher levels of Lachnospirales and Oscillospirales at the order level, and a marked decrease in Clostridia_UCG-014 in DN group. Additionally, there was a significant increase in the abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Oscillospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae at the family level. Moreover, oral administration of R. gnavus effectively aggravated kidney pathology in DN mice, accompanied by elevated levels of urea nitrogen (UN), creatinine (Cr), and urine protein. Furthermore, R. gnavus administration resulted in down-regulation of tight junction proteins such as Claudin-1, Occludin, and ZO-1, as well as increased levels of uremic toxins in urine and serum samples. Additionally, our study demonstrated that orally administered R. gnavus up-regulated the expression of inflammatory factors, including nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and Interleukin (IL)-6. These changes indicated the involvement of the gut-kidney axis in DN, and R. gnavus may worsen diabetic nephropathy by affecting uremic toxin levels and promoting inflammation in DN.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2009

본 연구는 반추위 캐뉼라가 장착된 거세한우 16두 ($626.2\pm47.72$ kg)를 이용하여 한우 복강 및 피하지방 감소 항체를 생체 주사 처리 시 사료섭취량, 반추위 발효패턴 및 혈액 대사물질 등 영양생리대사에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 실시하였다. Choi 등(2008)에서 개발된 한우복강(AAb) 및 피하지방 감소 항체(SAb)을 피하 주사하였을 때, 주사 후 2주차에서 수치적으로 체중의 감소가 발생했으나, 무처리구 및 비면역항체처리구에서도 체중의 감소가 발생해 항체 주사에 의한 처리의 영향이라기 보다는 다른 요인(혈액채취 등)에 의한 스트레스에서 기인하는 것으로 판단된다. 항체 주사 처리 시 반추위 pH 패턴, 휘발성 지방산 및 암모니아 농도에는 유의적 변화(P > 0.05)가 나타나지 않았고, 그 수준 또한 일반적인 수준 범위에서 벗어나지 않았다. 혈액 대사물질의 변화에서는 항체 주사 처리 전 BUN 농도에서 무처리구 기준, AAb 처리구는 낮게, 반면에 SAb 처리구는 높게 나타났으나(P < 0.05), 오히려 항체 주사 처리 후에서 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았다(P > 0.05). 혈액 내 glucose 농도 역시 항체 주사 처리 전 비면역혈청처리구에서만 유의적 차이를 보였고(P < 0.05), 항체 주사 처리 후에서는 처리구별 유의적 영향은 없었다. 혈액 내 중성지방의 농도는 항체 주사 처리에 의한 유의적 차이는 나타나지 않았고, 그 농도도 11.4~19.9 mg/$d{\ell}$로 일반적인 농후사료 위주의 사료 급여시 거세한우의 혈액 내 중성지방의 수준으로 판단되었다. 따라서, 이상의 결과를 볼 때, 본 연구에서 이용된 AAb 및 SAb는 in vivo 영양생리대사에 부정적 영향을 미치지 않는 안전한 항체로 사료된다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2011

목적 : 야간다뇨증과 요실금을 가진 아동에서 고칼슘뇨증이 원인적 요인의 하나로 관여할 수 있다는 보고가 있으며, 일부 연구자들은 야뇨증을 가진 아동들을 진단함에 있어서 소변내로의 칼슘배설의 정도를 측정할 것을 권유하였다. 그러나 다른 연구자들은 야뇨증과 소변내로의 칼슘배설 사이에 의미있는 연관성을 입증하지 못했다. 이에 저자들은 일차성 단일증상성 야뇨증을 가진 환아들을 대상으로 소변내로의 칼슘 배설을 측정하여 야뇨증과의 관련성을 조사하였다. 방법:야뇨증으로 처음 진단 받은 5세 이상의 환자 36명을 대상으로 하였다. 혈장 칼슘농도를 측정하였으며, 단회뇨를 이용한 소변검사를 통해서 소변 삼투압, Na, 요소 및 Ca/Cr 농도비를 동시에 측정하였다. 24시간 소변의 채집은 오전 8시부터-오후 8시, 오후 8시부터-다음날 오전 8시로 두 번에 나누어 채집하였으며 각각의 소변 20-40 mL를 이용하여 삼투압과 Ca/Cr농도 비를 산출하였다. 고칼슘뇨증의 정의는 야뇨증 진단 당시에 주간(오전 8시-오후 8시)과 야간(오후 8시-오전 8시)으로 나누어 채집한 단회성 소변검사상에서 칼슘/크레아티닌 비가>0.2 이상이면서 24시간뇨 검사상 칼슘의 배설량이 ${\geq}4mg/kg$ 이상인 경우로 정의하였다. 결과: 36명의 환자 중에서 고칼슘뇨증에 해당하는 경우는 6명으로 16.7%의 빈도를 보였다. 고칼슘 뇨군에서의 단회뇨를 이용한 칼슘/크레아티닌 비는 주간뇨 검사에서는 $0.23{\pm}0.10$, 야간뇨 검사에서는 $0.33{\pm}0.10$로 야간뇨 검사에서 높았으나, 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 24시간뇨 검사상의 평균 칼슘 배설량은 체중 (kg)당 8.95 mg이었다. 혈청 칼슘 농도와 주간/야간 소변량의 비도 고칼슘뇨군과 정상 칼슘군 사이에서 차이가 없었다. 또한 소변의 osmolality, Na 농도, 요소 농도 등도 양군사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 또한 주간이나 야간에 채집된 뇨에서 각각의 해당 기간 동안의 소변량과 칼슘/크레아티닌 비 그리고 칼슘/크레아티닌 비와 요중 Na농도, 요소농도, osmolality 간에는 유의한 상관관계는 없었다. 결론 : 야뇨증 환자의 일부에서 관찰되는 고칼슘 뇨증이 야간 다뇨에 의한 일차성 단일증상성 야뇨증의 직접적인 원인이 아니라고 생각한다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1460-1465
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• 2011

본 연구는 비지박을 이용한 섬유질발효사료(TMF) 급여가 육성기 한우 암소의 증체, 사료섭취량 및 체형변화에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 6개월령 한우 암소 30두(평균체중 $125.9{\pm}12.0$ kg)를 공시하여 3처리로 각각 10마리씩 완전 임의배치하여 6개월간 사양시험을 수행하였다. 처리구는 T1 (볏짚 자유급여와 배합사료 (체중 1.7%/일) 제한급여구), T2 (TMF 자유 급여구) 및 T3 (TMF, 볏짚 자유급여와 배합사료(체중 1.0%/일) 제한 급여구)로 수행하였다. 섬유질발효사료는 비지박 60%, 옥분 16.5%, 밀기울 10.4%, 볏짚 5%, 왕겨 7%, 요소 0.5%, 고토석회 0.5%, Lactic acid bacteria 0.1%를 첨가하여 제조하였다. 섬유질발효사료의 화학적 성분과 pH 값은 저장 0, 24, 48 및 72시간에 측정하였다. 비지박을 이용한 TMF의 저장기간에 따른 결과에서 건물, 조지방, 및 조섬유의 함량은 차이가 없었다. 저장 72시간에서 ADF 및 NDF함량은 0시간에서 보다 각각 9.52 및 3.15% 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). pH 또한 저장시간에 따라 점점 감소하였다. 체중, 사료섭취량 및 일당증체량은 TMF 급여구(T2, T3)에서 T1급여구 보다 높았다(p<0.05). 체형변화에 있어서도 T1처리구 보다 TMF 급여구가 높았다(p<0.05). 따라서 본 연구의 결과 비지박을 이용한 TMF 사료의 급여는 육성기 한우 암소의 발육을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다.