• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.19-31
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• 2022

The definition of urban forest is described as all forest and trees except the Natural Parks throughout whole territory in Urban Forest Act. But the concept of urban forest in the law differs from general awareness by Korean citizen and from definitions of other countries. For discussing such differences of urban forest definition, it was tested how much urban forest area would be changed according to the various definition of urban area. The urban area was defined to be four scenarios in this study in consideration of "urban area" by National Land Planning and Utilization Act (NLPUA), 300m buffered boundary from the "urban area" proposed by World Health Organization (WHO) and forest watershed area. In the scenario 1, including forest watershed intersected with "urban area" by NLPUA, urban forest area was estimated at 1.83 million ha in which urban forest area per person was 386㎡. In the scenario 2, including forest watershed intersected with 300m buffered boundary from the "urban area" by NLPUA, urban forest area was estimated at 1.92 million ha in which urban forest area per person was 405㎡. In the scenario 3, including forest watershed intersected with "urban area" placed within administration boundary (Eup·Dong districts), urban forest area was estimated at 1.08 million ha in which urban forest area per person was 230㎡. In the scenario 4, including forest watershed intersected with 300m buffered boundary from "urban area" placed within administration boundary, urban forest area was estimated at 1.20 million ha in which urban forest area per person was 256㎡. Therefore, the boundary of urban area should be agreed clearly prior to defining the urban forest area for avoiding unclear area calculated according to different definitions.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.1729-1734
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• 2011

Urban transit administers need to introduce the intelligent system to know the situations in the urban transit service area automatically. It is one of the important elements to detect of intrusion in operation room or electric rooms, etc. In this paper, we describe the definition for detection of intrusion in urban transit area, and propose the context-awareness model detect of intrusion. We expect that the definition is helpful to extract the elements that are need to construct the intrusion detecting system. The proposed model that is based on an image analysis model and a rule-based model is also helpful to design intelligent surveillance model.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.47-59
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine various definitions of urban heat island and to analyze the characteristics and differences of each methodology by applying each methodology for deriving the heat island region to Seoul. The definition of the heat island is divided into the atmospheric heat island and the surface heat island according to the utilized temperature data. The methodology for deriving the heat island area differs depending on the comparison method and the spatial extent of the analysis. As a result of analyzing each methodology for Seoul city, it was confirmed that the heat island area of Seoul is different according to temperature data. Also, it is confirmed that the distribution range of the heat island area is different according to the spatial range of analysis. This shows that even if the heat island area is analyzed for the same space and the same view point, the heat island area is derived differently according to each methodology. This study can be used as a basic study to solve the urban heat island problem in the future.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.261-272
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• 2006

This work examines the delimitation of metropolitan areas in Canada, focusing on the Census Metropolitan Areas/Census Agglomerations(CMAs/CAs) that the Statistics Canada defines every Census year. The CMA/CA is built upon the functional-area method which is among the three approaches (i.e., density-based, land use-based, functional-area approaches) to the definition of an urban area. Importantly, the delimitation of a CMA/CA employs the Urban Area(UA) which the Statistics Canada defines via density-based and land use-based methods. In particular, the UA which has 10,000 or more residents is the urban core of a CMA/CA. Our examination of the CMA/CA in Canada also presents some points to be considered with regard to the delimitation of metropolitan areas in Korea which has yet to be implemented.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 1986

An Idea of Standard Rural Area(SRA), the rural areas which have higher ruralities of the rice cropping region and also higher urban characteristics, was conceptualized to develop the tentative basic indices necessary for rural settlement design in reclaimed land. The SRA's were determined by a technique of the principal component analysis with relevant data from 81 counties or cities located in the west side of Korea(Chon-Nam,Chon-Buk, Chung-Nam, Kyung-Ki Do).By the definition of the SRA, the principal component analysis is seperately carried out by two subworks, analyses of rurality and urban characteristics. From the analysis, rurality of the SRA is characterized by four components which appears to describe the scale of farm management, intensive farming, soundness of farming and farming basis on rice cropping, while urban characteristics of the SRA by three components to describe the accessibility, keeping ratio of infrastructures and level of medical services. Through grouping and synthesizing two characteristics of all counties by each component score, 24 counties were classified as urban-rural harmonized region which is the same result as that obtained from the extraction index being more than 50% of available area to total area except 1 county. Therefore, SRA is defined as the group of counties having more than 50% of available area to total area.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.10-31
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• 2021

The mixed-use concept definition, this study reveals, is that the mixing three or more major types of urban uses implements for economical, social and environmental values in our urban space. With this definition the study explores Seoul's mixed-use phenomenon. The quantification method, the study uses, is the relative entropy which calculate the balance of each urban use in a certain area. The relative entropy method, also known as the LUM(land-use mix score), uses three urban-use categories which is derived from the mixed-use concept definition. Hundreds of building-use types in the building regulations are categorized and calculate the LUM of Seoul's legal-status neighborhoods. The result interpreted as the criteria of Seoul's mixed-use phenomenon and categorize mixed land-use status in a certain value: 'non mixed-use' category has a value 0.631 and below, 'unbalanced mixed-use' category has a value between 0.631 and 0.884, 'balanced mixed-use' category has a value between 0.884 and 0.991 and 'complete mixed-use' category has a value 0.991 and over.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2018

Objective: To survey knowledge about the factors that influence fertility in a reproductive-age population living in an urban area. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire-based survey among both males and females aged 18-45 years living in the Bangkok metropolitan area. Results: The mean age of the participants was $26.8{\pm}7.2years$ (male, 41.9%; female, 58.1%). Of the participants, 53.1% had an undergraduate degree and 57.1% were single. Only one-fifth of the participants correctly identified the age when fecundity declines in male and female, the definition of infertility, and the period during the menstrual cycle with the highest chance of pregnancy. Approximately three-fourths of the participants correctly identified that cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and sexually transmitted infections affect fertility. Conclusion: A considerable knowledge gap about the factors that influence fertility was identified in reproductive-age individuals in an urban area of Thailand. This issue should be urgently addressed by promoting fertility awareness through education, discussions about social perceptions regarding fertility, and reliable sources of knowledge.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.23-34
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between suburban waterfront und urban regeneration strategies. Specifically, This paper investigates how urban design strategies for suburban waterfront has been conceptualized and realized in a case-based research study of the regeneration of suburban waterfront in Berlin, Germany. Since Germany's reunification, Berlin was faced a wide variety of challenges and has been transformed into a new capital city. First of all, Wasserstadt Berlin-Oberhavel was a key development task for the urban regeneration in Berlin. The Wasserstadt Berlin-Oberhavel project with over 207 hectares will provide new residential urban areas, office spaces, educational facilities and cultural facilities. In details, 3,640 apartments with 12,700 units and around 4,800 jobs will be created. Method: The study consists of five sections. The first and second section are divided into two stages:"waterfront definition in urban design" and "urban design strategy in waterfront". The third section explores the waterfront development process of Wasserstadt Berlin-Oberhavel. The fourth section aims to investigate the strategies for urban regeneration as well as waterfront development. Finally, the fifth provides some of the key policy challenges for Urban Regeneration in suburban waterfront area. Result: The results showed that urban regeneration strategies in suburban waterfront have a substantial impact on all two dimensions: relationship between waterfront and urban context, relationship between waterfront and natural environment.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

The growth of the online market is accelerating due to the development of technology and the pandemic era. The delivery service through the courier must be used to deliver the ordered goods to the customer through the online market. With the growth of the online market, the logistics market for delivery is also growing. The traffic and environmental problems are emerging as social issues. Urban logistics technology using underground space based on the urban railway developed to improve logistics efficiency in a metropolitan area and a new alternative to environmental problems. This study proposed a plan to secure system safety through safety analysis based on operational concept definition and scenario analysis by applying model-based perspective analysis to the system under development.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2018

This study starts from the architectural and urban interest to integrate the daily life and behavior of residents in the city of Seongnam and to sustain the community. A fixed abode is something that can not be separated from the place and should be approached from a comprehensive perspective reflecting the physical and social conditions of the region. Although residential neighborhoods have a residential walking range, which has a steep slope, it has been formed in the suburbs of the residential area where commercial facilities are activated organically. The humanities and social organizations of the residents are integrated with the physical space and act as constituent factors of major cities. This is an attempt to suggest improvement and activation of existing cities based on their daily lives, rather than destroying cities and creating new ones. Also, it is proposed to 'Neighborhood Street' as an indicator of a uniform urban renewal plan for existing urban regeneration projects. Based on the definition of the city of living in the city, the center of the city will be located in the center of the city, and it will be the center of the city's bustling streets.