• 농촌계획
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2012

In 2003, "The National Land Use and Planning Act" (NLUP Act) was enacted unifying two old laws; "The Urban Planning Act" enacted in 1962 and "The National Land Use and Management Act" enacted in 1972. One of main reasons of unifying two acts was to extend urban planning-based development systems to rural areas for preventing uncontrolled urban sprawl in rural areas and enhancing or settlling plan-based land use system in rural areas. This paper is conducted with the following specific objectives: i) to critically review the contents of NLUP Act in terms of rational rural land use planning; ii) to evaluate plan-based land use practices in rural area by NLUP Act; iii) to appraise performance level for prevention against unplanned development activities in rural areas by NLUP Act. To accomplish these objectives, we surveyed actural state of rural land use and development system by the new act in two case study areas. Ansung city in Gyeongi province as an urban sprawl region and Hamyang county in Gyeongnam Province as a remote rural area. Study results ascertained that the new act can not effectively control rural land use and not prevent over-use of agricultural land in the positive and effective ways because of followering three points.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.175-185
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• 1995

본 연구는 농촌과 도시지역 노인의 가족지지 정도와 정신건강상태를 비교, 검토하기 위하여 1995년 2월 18일부터 3월 27일까지 농촌지역은 대구 근교 9개면, 도시지역은 부산광역시 3개 구로 연구자가 임의 선정하여 농촌지역에 거주하는 노인 201명과 도시지역에 거주하는 노인 238명을 대상으로 면담 조사하였다. 대상자의 가족지지정도는 농촌지역은 평균 36.70이고, 도시지역은 평균 40.77로 유의한 차로 도시지역 노인이 농촌지역 노인보다 가족지지가 높았다. 일반적 특성에 따른 가족지지정도의 차이를 검증한 결과, 농촌지역은 성별, 연령, 배우자유무, 교육정도, 경제수준, 자녀수, 동거가족수, 동거유형, 주관적 건강상태, 용돈상태, 여가활동참여에서, 도시지역은 성별, 배우자유무, 종교, 경제수준, 동거가족수, 용돈상태, 여가활동참여에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 가족지지정도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 중회귀 분석 한 결과, 농촌지역은 연령, 배우자유무, 경제수준 3문항이 33%의 설명이 가능하였고, 도시지역은 주관적 건강상태, 경제수준, 배우자 유무, 동거가족수의 4문항이 35%의 설명이 가능하였다. 정신건강상태는 도시지역(평균 36.87)노인이 농촌지역(평균 57.42) 노인보다 좋았으며, 각 항목별로 총 점수의 75%이상 즉 "하"에 해당하는 자는 도시지역은 우울증 8.4%, 신체화 8.0% 이고 그 외 문항은 모두 1% 미만인데 반하여 농촌지역은 신체화 8.5%, 우울증 8.5%, 불안 4.0%, 공포불안 4.0%, 강박증 2.5%, 적대감 2.0%, 편집증 2.0%, 정신증 1.5%, 대인예민성 1.5%의 순으로 나타나 도시지역과의 차이를 보였다. 또한 정신건강상태를 문항별로 4점 만점에 평균을 구해본 결과, 두 지역 모두 신체화 (농촌: 1.69, 도시: 1.51), 우울증(농촌: 1.64, 도시: 1.37) 강박증(농촌: 1.33, 도시: 0.99)의 순으로 나타났다. 일반적 특성에 따른 정신건강상태와의 차이를 검증한 결과, 농촌지역은 성별, 연령, 배우자유무, 종교, 교육정도, 경제수준, 자녀수, 동거유형, 주관적 건강상태, 용돈상태, 여가활동참여에서, 도시지역은 성별, 배우자유무, 종교, 경제수준, 동거가족수, 동거유형, 주관적 건강상태, 주거상태, 용돈상태, 여가활동참여에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 정신건강상태에 영향을 미치는 요인을 중회귀 분석 한 결과, 농촌지역은 가족지지정도, 주관적 건강상태, 종교, 성별, 연령, 경제수준의 6문항이 43%의 설명이 가능하였고, 도시지역은 가족지지정도, 주관적 건강상태, 경제수준의 3문항이 51%의 설명이 가능하였다. 가족지지정도와 정신건강상태와는 농촌지역 -0.4555, 도시지역 -0.6446으로 높은 상관을 보였고, 정신건강 항목중에서 가족지지와 높은 상관을 보인 항목은 농촌지역은 우울증 -0.5036, 정신증 -0.4265의 순으로 나타났으며, 도시지역은 정신증 -0.642, 우울증 -0.5955의 순으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 노인의 정신건강에 가족의 지지정도가 크게 작용함을 알 수 있었고, 또한 노이니 처한 거주지역과 일반적 특성에 따라 가족지지정도와 정신건강상태가 다름을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 노인문제에 있어서 농촌 노인을 중심으로 한 대응책이 시급히 요구되며, 노인간호에 있어서 가족을 통한 지지적 간호중재와 거주징역에 따른 간호전략을 수립해야 될 것이다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify suicidal ideation in high school students in urban and rural areas. Methods: For this research two urban and two rural high schools in four cities were chosen. The participants were 713 students (373 in the urban area, 340 in the rural area). The survey was conducted from June 1 to July 31, 2012. Data were analyzed with chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression using SPSS 18.0. Results: Results showed that 19.5% of respondents had suicidal ideation within the past 1 year. There were significant differences in suicidal ideation and developmental assets between the two areas. Multiple regression analysis revealed that support, school violence, gender, family abuse, constructive use of time, and positive identity were significant predictors and explained 26% of suicidal ideation for high school students in urban areas. On the other hand, in rural areas, family abuse, gender, positive identity, smoking and empowerment were significant predictors and explained 31% of suicidal ideation. Conclusion: The findings indicate that implementation of a suicide prevention program in which consideration is given to these factors, and taking into account differences between urban and rural students would be helpful in reducing suicidal ideation.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2012

This study is designed to find out the difference of life satisfaction and depression between urban and rural elderly. The research method is a questionnaire that surveys those aged 60 and older. The collected data were analyzed by categorizing them into two groups, 503 residing in the elderly who live in Daejeon city and 676 in those who live in Chungnam area. The result of analysis indicated that; First, life satisfaction of the urban elderly was higher than that of the rural elderly(t=3.67, p<.001). But depression between the two groups, the elderly who live in urban area and those who live in rural area, did not show a statistically significant difference. Second, the factors influencing the life satisfaction of urban elderly were convenience of housing, economic level, health status, local safety, life attitude, and period of residence. Third, the depression of urban elderly significantly related to health status, life attitude, economic level, age, and convenience of housing. Fourth, the factors influencing the life satisfaction of rural elderly were health status, economic level, convenience of housing, local safety, life attitude, type of residence, and period of residence. Fifth, the depression of rural elderly significantly related to health status, life attitude, and economic level.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2017

Background: South Korea is one of fastest aging countries in the world. Poor balance and falls of the elderly are main health issues. Objects: The goal of this study was to understand the association between the socioeconomical factors and the standing balance of elderly living in the rural and urban area. Methods: One hundred sixty-six elderly participants who were older than 65 and were able to walk without an assistive device were recruited in the city of Gwangju and in the rural area of Jeonnam, South Korea. All participants performed the static and dynamic standing balance tests. Static standing balance was measured with chronometer in seconds while standing on one leg. Dynamic balance was tested with the timed up and go test (TUG), measured in seconds while getting up from a chair and walking 3 meters and back to sit. The static and dynamic standing balance was analyzed using analysis of variance and the Fisher's Least Significant Difference post hoc test. Results: Male participants from both areas had no difference in one leg standing and TUG. The female elderly living in rural area took shorter in TUG than females living in urban area. Age decreased the one leg standing time in both areas while did not affect the TUG significantly. As the monthly income increased, both of one leg standing and TUG increased in urban area, while the medium monthly income showed best performance (it was not statistically significant) in both of one leg standing and TUG in rural area. Conclusion: Socioeconomical factors affects differently the standing balance of the elderly living in rural and urban South Korea. Female living alone in urban area with low monthly income demonstrated worst standing balance in this study.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2001

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate and compare the growth, blood pressure, and s-cholesterol of urban and rural students in Korea. Methods: April 1999, We examined the students' health of a boys high school and a girls high school in a urban area - Jeonju, Korea.(boys were 317, girls were 343). And we also examined the students' health of a high school in a rural area - Gimje, Korea.(boys were 33, girls wee 36). Height, body-weight, Body Mass Index(BMI)I, blood pressure, and s-cholesterole were checked and compared between two groups. Results and Conclusion: The mean of height in urban students was $165.25{\pm}7.79cm$, and that in rural students was $163.77{\pm}8.72cm$. There was no significant difference stastically between two groups. The mean of body-weight in urban students $(57.78{\pm}10.51kg)$ was significantly higher than that in rural students $(54.71{\pm}10.11kg)$)(p<0.05). The mean of body mass index(BMI) in urban students $(21.12{\pm}3.27kg/m2)$ was significantly higher than that in rural students $(20.30{\pm}2.69kg/m2)$(p<0.05). Obese students $(BMI{\geq}27)$ were 31(4.70%) in urban students, 3(4.35%) in rural students. The mean of systolic blood pressure in rural students $(114.99{\pm}9.50mmHg)$ was significantly higher than that in urban students $(111.89{\pm}12.42mmHg)$(p<0.05) The mean of diastolic blood pressure in rural students$(75.72{\pm}9.90mmHg)$ was very significantly higher than that of urban students $(68.45{\pm}9.40mmHg)$(p<0.001). Hypertensives (${\geq}138/86mmHg\;in\;boys,\;{\geq}130/83mmHg$ in girls) were 28(4.24%) in urban students, 13(18.84%) in rural students. The mean of s-cholesterol in urban students was $174.95{\pm}32.28mg/dL$, and that in rural students was $176.81{\pm}33.18mg/dL$. There was no significant difference stastically between two groups. Hypercholesterolemias (${\geq}198mg/dL$ in boys, ${\geq}212mg/dL$ in girls) were 130(19.70%) in urban students, 14(20.89%) in rural students. These results suggest that there are differences in body weight, BMI, and diastolic blood pressure between urban and rural students and that it is necessary to consider these differences in health examination.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.96-108
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• 1990

도시와 농촌지역 고등학생들의 상병 및 의료이용 양상을 파악하여 보건교육자료로 활용하고, 학교보건 정책을 수립하는데 도움이 되고자 1989년 3월 27일부터 4월 8일까지 부산 학생 1,979명과 경남 학생 1,315명의 남 녀 인문계 고등학생을 대상으로 설문조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 대상학생 중 37.8%가 1개월 간에 1회이상 상병을 경험하였으며, 월간 상병률은 1,000 명당 453.2였다. 도시학생(550.8)이 농촌학생(306.5) 보다 여학생(561.9)이 남학생(328.3) 보다 높았다(P<0.01).

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.321-338
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• 2014

This study was examined the level of satisfaction in rural settlement and analyzed its differences according to various demographic variables and characteristics of urban-rural migration. The analysis was conducted by considering returning farmers residing in rural areas. A statistical analysis was conducted using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple-range test with a total of 210 responses. First, satisfaction with the convenience of living facilities varied significantly according to the occupation before urban-rural migration, responses of family members and friends to urban-rural migration, and the initial capital for urban-rural migration. Second, satisfaction with the natural environment varied significantly according to age and reasons for urban-rural migration. Third, satisfaction with the transportation environment varied significantly according to gender, the period of residence after urban-rural migration, and the employment type of the returning farmer. Fourth, satisfaction with neighborliness varied significantly according to parents' occupation, agricultural experience before urban-rural migration, experience in agriculture-related social life before urban-rural migration, reasons for urban-rural migration, the type of urban-rural migration, and the employment type of the returning farmer. Fifth, satisfaction with the agricultural environment varied significantly according to responses of family members and friends to urban-rural migration, the period of residence after urban-rural migration, and reasons for urban-rural migration. Sixth, satisfaction with the housing environment varied significantly according to the residential area, the agricultural experience before urban-rural migration, and the period of residence after urban-rural migration.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.174-182
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• 2004

The zinc intake and status of South Koreans from rural, urban and metropolitan areas were compared to evaluate the zinc nutritional status in different regional areas in South Korea. The dietary habits of 721 healthy adult subjects (271 from rural, 240 from urban, 210 from metropolitan city) with an age range 30 ∼ 64 (mean age 54$\pm$18) were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Mean daily Zn intake for rural, urban, and metropolitan areas was 6.5 mg, 7.3 mg, and 11.4 mg (p<0.05), respectively, which was 54%,61% and 95% of the Korean RDA for man (12 mg/d). Mean phytate: zinc molar ratios for rural, urban, and metropolitan city were 41, 34, and 30, respectively (p < 0.05), which were higher than the cutoff level of 20 for poor zinc status. The zinc intake and phytate: Zn molar ratio in the rural area were 0.5 and 1.3-fold compared to those of the metropolitan city, which can cause poor zinc nutriture in the rural area. Most of the zinc biomarkers were lower in the rural area than in the metropolitan city (p < 0.05) (mean rural and metropolitan values for plasma Zn: 80.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dL and 119.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dL, respectively; RBC Zn: 7.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dL and 8.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dL, respectively; plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity: 87 mU/mL and 100.4 mU/mL, respectively). It seems that a lower zinc intake in the rural area decreased zinc biomarker levels, such as plasma and RBC zinc, and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity, and caused the poor zinc nutritional status in this area. Most of the zinc biomarkers, such as RBC zinc and urinary and plasma zinc levels, in the subjects from the three localities, were within the normal range even when zinc intake of rural and urban subjects was low. The exception was plasma ALP activity in the rural area, which was lower than the reference level. Thus, marked zinc deficiency in these subjects were not observed, however, the potential for marginal zinc deficiency should be considered, especially for the rural area, because of the low zinc intake and the biomarker levels for marginal zinc deficiency.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to seek for efficient method of health improvement program for the old and to offer basic material for the development of community's public health service. This study investigated into the yangseng life level of the old and the factors which affect their yangseng life, and was to offer basic materials for oriental medicine-based health improvement plan which is appropriate for each community. The 818 surveys were conducted upon the old who are above 65 and who live in Jeollabukdo, and the results from the survey are as follows ; 1. The rural area showed more percentage of old people, the old who live alone and who have job compared to urban area. More people in rural area were found to live at their own expense. Additionally, there were more people who had high education in urban area and who have disease in rural area. 2. The total yangseng level of recipients was 94.20, and the average was 3.25. The average of urbanite was 3.26 and it was 3.23 for who live in rustic area, but there found no significant difference. All the old live in both urban area and rural area showed the highest score in morality yangseng and lowest in sex-life yangseng. 3. There found no difference upon regions, but the recipients show high yangseng level when they are male, have spouse, live with them, have factors including high education background, job, religion and hobby, or have confidence in their health. They also show high yangseng level when they do not have any disease in progress. 4. According to the results of general traits and yangseng level of each category, the old who live in urban area show higher exercise yangseng level than the one in rural area, and there is no significant difference upon the region in other categories. There were some cases which general traits and regional characteristics mutually affected each other. In conclusion, the yangseng level of the old is affected by individual traits and habits rather than the regions in which they live. The old who live in rural area are required to focus on exercise more, since the exercise yangseng level of them were lower than the ones of urban area. Moreover, there were some cases which general traits and regional characteristics mutually affected each other, so it requires further in-depth study about the correlation.