• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.133-139
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• 2008

Urban streams are degrading functional role due to development and pollution. This study chose the representative stream of Do-rim and identified flora and fauna. The ecological survey aimed at identifying indicator of urban streams for measuring urban healthiness and we discussed the possibility of wetland conservation area. From the beginning of Dorim stream to An-yang mixture we were successfully identified 113 species of plants, 9 of mammals, 23 of birds, 4 of amphibians, 2 of reptiles and 2 of fish species. Terrestrial insects were 71 species. The wetland vegetation is quite various and we suggested 4 different vegetation zones (aquatic vegetation zone, emergent zone, riparian-meadow zone, riparian-woodland zone) depending on distance from the flowing water stream and vegetation characteristics for urban stream management.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 1999

This study analyzed the relationship between NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and urban heat island in three cities: Daegu, Kyungju, and Pohang for understanding the degree of nature conservation concentrating in the transition zone of them. Daegu city is the third city in Korea which has a dense population. Kyungju is a traditional city which has good nature. Pohang is an industrial city which has those of characters of Daegu and Kyungju. Landsat 1M data in May 17, 1997 were used for the analysis of heat island. There were about four theoretical models to estimate the surface temperature from TM data: Two-point linear model, Linear regression model, Quadratic regression model, and Cubic regression model. In this study, Linear regression model had been utilized to analyze the urban heat island. On the resultant images, the transition zone of Daegu was urbanized more extremely than those of other two cities. It is thought that the analysis of relationship between NDVI and surface temperature, used in this study, is regarded as one of effective methodologies for urban-environmental detection from satellite imageries.

• Journal of Urban Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2018

Abstract: Korea has designated free economic zones to build the foundation for national economic development by setting up special economic zones to be more competitive in cities. On August 5, 2003, the government designated Songdo, Yeongjong and Cheongna districts in Incheon as free economic zones. But while the development should have been completed nearly three years before the end of the development, the development has been slow and the population, foreign direct investment and other business results are far from the initial plan. Therefore, in this study, we will investigate the various problems occurring in the Incheon Free Economic Zone, investigate the causes of the problem, and then compare and analyze the Incheon Free Economic Zone and China's special economic zones. The two institutions share similar characteristics in many areas, but the Incheon Free Economic Zone system has yet to be settled, as the special economic zone has played a significant role in economic development in China. Therefore, the study is expected to find a solution to the problems of the free economic zones in Incheon and provide directions for future development.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.45-58
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• 2006

This study was aimed to propose the plan of creating a biotope reflecting an ecological education as well as its function as the habitats of amphibian in Namsan Urban Natural Park in Seoul. There were Cheonil mineral spring area which was located on the southern side of Namsan, wetlands which was already created on the east valley(800$m^2$) and a buffer area of the circumference(1,100$m^2$) as the biotope sites. Major fields of this study include a survey of the staus, a basic plan, a master plan; a survey of this site was focused on topography, water system, existing vegetation, wildbird, amphibian, trail; a detailed plan was focused on flow plan, planting plan, facility plan. Existing vegetation was classified into 8 types; Pinus densiflora forest, Pinus densiflora planted area, Prunus sargentii-Quercus spp. forest, Pinus rigida forest, Robinia pseudoacacia forest, artificial green space, wetlands, south beltway. There were Pinus densiflora planted area and Prunus sargentii-Quercus spp. forest as major vegetations of this site. 14 species and 33 individuals of wildbirds appeared, Rana temporaria ornativentris and Hynobius leechi were investigated in the wetlands.In particular, habitats of amphibian were divided eco-zone, buffer-zone and restore-zone, and habitats and facilities which would be suitable for the characteristics of each space were planned. As a result, environment elements of good habitats including spawn wetlands of amphibian, harbor of amphibian, water plant of wetland, wild shrubs forest, ecological landscape forest, wetland observation trail, fence of wetland protection and ramp by pebble and log were created at the site. The amphibian biotope of Namsan is rated high as an important space for conserving biodiversity. Accordingly, continuous monitoring of this biotope as a urban habitat is required as the environment changes.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.961-970
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• 2009

This paper has attempted to improve the quality of urban environment in terms of the management of urban green tract and suggest a way of coexistence between human and nature by proposing a plan to establish green network using an urban green zone based on 'linear concept' instead of point and plane concepts. The results have turned out as follows: 1. According to current status of forest functions, forest recreation area has reached 39.6%, satisfying citizens' needs. However, the space for living environment is just about 20% with a lack of a green zone. Therefore, it's been necessary to establish green network using roadside trees and take advantage of them as sustainable living space along with existing green tract. 2. With forest in the suburbs and Geumhogang which is the tributary to the Nakdonggang, Sincheon (stream) flows through the downtown. It connects mountains including Waryongsan from the south to the north around Duryu Park and Dalseong Park. Therefore, the water system that passes through Palgongsan (Mt.) and Biseulsan (Mt.) would make it possible to connect with the parks in the downtown. 3. According to this paper, it appears that it's necessary to establish green network through roof or wall greening by focusing on the existing green tract in the urban parks and suburbs and taking advantage of roadside trees and water system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.119-131
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare the differences of the ecological attributes in the two types of urban park at Suwon and Goyang city. 'Directly linked park' is forests and rivers in the vicinity, it is capable of re-supply of the species and 'Isolated park' is forests and rivers apart, it is a difficult re-supply of the species. The result of assessment of the ecological attributes in the two types of urban park was analyzed as the percentage of 'Forest zone' was high, but the percentage of 'Area of permeable pavement' and 'Bush area' was low. 'The planting structure' was mostly 1-layer structure(47%) and 'Foreign tree species' is high by half the proportion. 'Age classes' were a 2-3age classes level, and 'Water body' could barely. Thus, ecological attributes degree was very low. In addition, results of investigation whether the difference of ecological attributes degree between the two types of urban park, also statistically analyzed that there is no difference. Therefore, when establishing the composition of the future plans of the city park, to take full account of the ecological situation in the surrounding parkland, and identify the ecological potential with the parkland. Next, it should be designed and planned of the park that fully utilizing the potential of this ecological attributes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.31-46
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• 2021

In South Korea, there is a growing domestic need for a biotope map which contains ecological and environmental geographic information of a city. After the production of a Urban Ecological Maps(biotope map) by the Seoul metropolitan government in 2000, Natural Environment Conservation Act was revised in 2017 to make it mandatory for a local government to draw up its own urban ecological map. The aim of the present study was to find out ways to utilize an urban ecological map as a mean of communication between natural environment planning and urban planning sectors in a preliminary stage before introducing a big framework of 'environmental and ecological planning.' The northern area of Incheon metropolitan city was selected as the target area for this study. The major research content includes a comparative analysis of special-purpose zones, urban planning zones, restricted development zones, and conservation forests with focus on biotope types and Grades 1 of 'Biotope Type Assessment.' Farmland biotopes and forest biotopes within an area designated as an urban zone (residential, commercial and industrial zones) need to be redesignated as a zone which can conserve them. Especially considering a high possibility of damage to a large scale of natural green areas, these areas need to be readjusted immediately. If the entire area designated as an urban planning zone is to be developed, it is likely to cause serious damage to natural biotopes in the area (56.2%), including farmland biotope (30.4%), forest biotope (15.0%) and grassland biotope (10.8%), and thus, readjustment is needed. In case of a conservation forest, as it can possibly be damaged by the designation of special-purpose zones, it is necessary to match the designation of conservation forests or a special-purpose zones with their biotope types. In conclusion, we present a variety of thematic maps for utilization of an urban ecological map and propose a phase-specific environmental and ecological plan. Phase 1 is the establishment of a urban plan in consideration of ecological status; Phase 2 is the independent establishment of an environmental and ecological plan by an environment department; Phase 3 is an integrated management of ecological planning system and urban planning system.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.69-88
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• 2023

Efficient spatial planning is one of the necessary factors to successfully respond to climate change. And researchers often use LULC(Land-Use/Cover) data to conduct land use and spatial planning research. However, LULC data has a limited number of grades related to urban surface, so each different urban structure appearing in several cities is not easily analyzed with existing land cover products. This limitation of land cover data seems to be overcome through LCZ(Local Climate Zone) data used in the urban heat island field. Therefore, this study aims to first discuss whether LCZ data can be applied not only to urban heat island fields but also to other fields, and secondly, whether LCZ data still have problems with existing LULC data. Research methodology is largely divided into two categories. First, through literature review, studies in the fields of climate, land use, and urban spatial structure related to LCZ are synthesized to analyze what research LCZ data is currently being used, and how it can be applied and utilized in the fields of land use and urban spatial structure. Next, the GIS spatial analysis methodology is used to analyze whether LCZ still has several errors that are found in the LULC.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively analyze the corresponding residents' benefit to get in the future from the district unit plan of the settlement zone by Cheongju local government. The target districts were selected as Gumdeong-gol district, Juseong district, and Shinmok-gol district, and Hyeonam district which had recently set their district unit plans. Specific targets to be analyzed were some infrastructure including roads, parking lots, parks and others. Using the analysis methods of the Logit model and non-parametric test approach, this study estimated to the average amounts to be willingly paid(WTP) by the residents in targeting settlement zones and tested the reliability of the average amounts of WTP. The results of analysis were as follows. First, it was found that the WTPs for infrastructure under 1st influence area in target districts were estimated as 5,233won for road, 2,826won for parking lot, and 3,705won for park respectively. For the WTPs for infrastructure under 1nd area were estimated as 4,910 won for road, 2,242won for parking lot, and 3,620won for park respectively. Second, as the result of calculating the non-parametric WTP which built the 95% confidence interval, it was found that the all WTPs except the WTP for parking lot were fell into the 95% confidence interval. Third, as the result of calculating yearly total sum of benefits that the residents would get from the 1st influence area and the 2nd influence area, it was found that Gumdeong-gol district were expected to get 62,376,472won-amounted benefits, and Juseong district, and Shinmok-gol district, and Hyeonam district would get 35,0778,016won, 26,886,560won, and 22,252,032won respectively.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.3-8
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• 2011

This study was carried out for analysing the relationship of environmental factors and the reduction rate of land compensation of six urban development projects near waste landfill sites located in the Seoul metropolitan area. For a close investigation, 24 variables were selected but only 4 environmental variables were identified to have high correlation to the reduction rate of compensation. These are fine particles(PM10), bad smell, the ratio of a greening zone of land and park, and the distance in straight line from the landfill site. Two variables-PM10 and bad smell-were found to have an effect on the average reduction rate of land compensation by correlation analysis. On the other hand, the ratio of a greening zone and the distance in straight line from the landfill site have been rejected for the significance test. The result of regression analysis of six models for the search of affecting variables on the reduction rate of compensation is that PM10 and bad smell have the impact ratio of more than 0.5. But the ratio of greening zone and the distance from the landfill are not significant factors, having the impact ratio of 0.025~0.045 except one model.