• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.187-192
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• 2020

Background: This study investigated the relationship between verbal aggression against school teachers and upper extremity (neck, shoulder, upper limb, and/or upper back) musculoskeletal pain. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 525 elementary school teachers from Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Northeast Brazil. Results: The prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal pain among teachers who reported verbal aggression in the past six months (67.7%) was higher than that among those who did not report verbal aggression (51.7%): (prevalence ratio = 1.21; 95% confidence interval = 1.04-1.40). The prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal pain was associated with verbal aggression, sex, and common mental disorders, controlled by skin color, age, monthly income, teachers' education, years working as a teacher, workload, and obesity. Furthermore, the measure of the association between verbal aggression and upper extremity musculoskeletal pain was modified by sex and common mental disorders, considered altogether. Teachers who suffered verbal aggression, of the feminine sex, and also having common mental disorders reported high prevalence (85.4%) of upper extremity musculoskeletal pain. Conclusion: The association between verbal violence in the school and complaints of upper extremity musculoskeletal pain was strong and modified by teachers' sex and common mental disorders.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to compare pain, upper extremity function, and anxiety among disease characteristics in the breast cancer survivors and to clarify the relationship among these variables. Methods: One hundred twenty two participants with breast cancer survivors over the age of 30 were recruited from a general hospital. Data were collected from November 1 to December 25, 2006 using a structured questionnaire. Results: The mean age was 51.17 and their mean survival period was 38.08 months. The breast cancer survivors who had received radiation therapy reported lower levels of pain and upper extremity function, and higher levels of anxiety than those who had other treatments. Pain and anxiety were positively related, and upper extremity function was negatively related to pain and anxiety. Conclusion: The breast cancer survivors experienced pain, upper extremity function disorder and anxiety. This study indicates that nursing interventions for the breast cancer survivors may be needed to improve upper extremity function, and to reduce pain and anxiety.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.343-350
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• 2021

Objective: The most common type of cancer in women is breast cancer, and pain in the upper extremity and trunk is a discomfort experienced by more than half. Based on the evidence that manual therapy is effective for pain control in postoperative rehabilitation, this study aims to analyze the effects of manual therapy on upper extremity pain and function in patients after breast cancer surgery. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PEDro, and CINAHL databases until August 2021. We included randomized controlled trial evaluating pain and function in patients after breast cancer surgery. Qualitative analysis was performed using Cochrane's risk of bias tool, and quantitative analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 to analyze post-intervention outcomes. Results: Four randomized controlled trials were selected to evaluate the effects of upper extremity pain and function in 133 patients who underwent manual therapy after breast cancer surgery. In the results of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the experimental group treated with manual therapy showed a significant improvement in pain compared to the control group (-0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.97 to -0.27). However, there was no significant improvement in upper extremity function (-0.09; 95% CI -0.43 to 0.25). Conclusions: Current evidence shows that manual therapy is effective for pain control in patients who complain of upper extremity pain after breast cancer surgery.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.117-126
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of extracorporeal shock-wave therapy (ESWT) on pain, grip strength, and upper-extremity function in patients diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis and to provide an effective intervention method for lateral epicondylitis. Methods: Twenty patients with lateral epicondylitis were randomly assigned to the ESWT group (n = 10) and the stretching exercise group (n = 10). Interventions in both groups were performed six times twice a week for three weeks. The visible analog scale (VAS) was used to measure pain change. A dynamometer was used to measure grip strength (GS). Patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation (PRTEE) was used to measure the upper-extremity function. Results: There were significant differences in pain, grip strength, and upper-extremity function in both groups before and after intervention (p < 0.05). There were also significant differences in pain, grip strength, and upper-extremity function between the groups after intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed very positive improvement in pain, grip strength, and upper-extremity function after ESWT in patients with lateral epicondylitis. Therefore, ESWT can be recommended for patients with lateral epicondylitis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.301-314
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• 2004

Objectives : We studied to discover the patterns of DITI of the patients having a both neck and upper extremity pain on one side without any nerve root compression sign and the history of cervical disc herniation. Method : We selected 26 patients as an experimental group, who had visited for a both neck and upper extremity pain on one side without any nerve root compression sign, at the department of acupunture and moxibustion in Conmaul oriental medical hospital, during 2001. 01. - 2003. 09. And 31 normal adults were selected as a control group, not having any neck or arm pain and any history of cervical disease. We analyzed the segmental temperature statistically with t-test. Results & Conclusion : There was a significant change of temperatures in the scapula, posterior brachium, lateral forearm and dorsal hand area. And the experimental group showed cold spot and disruption of normal thermographic shape that were usually shown on the cervical sprain.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2005

Objectives : We studied to discover the patterns of DITI of the patients having a both neck and upper extremity pain on one side without any nerve root compression sign and the history of cervical disc herniation. Method : We selected 26 patients as an experimental group, who had visited for a both neck and upper extremity pain on one side without any nerve root compression sign, at the department of acupunture and moxibustion in Conmaul oriental medical hospital, during 2001. 01. - 2003. 09. And 31 normal adults were selected as a control group, not having any neck or arm pain and any history of cervical disease. We analyzed the segmental temperature statistically with t-test. Results & Conclusion : There was a significant change of temperatures in the scapula, posterior brachium, lateral forearm and dorsal hand area. And the experimental group showed cold spot and disruption of normal thermographic shape that were usually shown on the cervical sprain.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.73-80
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of kinesio taping on upper extremity pain and muscle activation of lateral epicondyle DOMS. This research is randomized controlled designd study and conducted as a single-blind. Twenty four subjects were participated in this study, All the patients were divided two group, were kinesio taping applied group, placebo kinesio taping applied group. The participants were tested pressure upper extremity pain threshold and muscle activation, pre-post intervention. After raining, the change values of the pain and muscle activation in KT group were significantly greater than PKT group(p<0.05). This findings show that kinesio taping training convergence interventions for lateral epicondyle DOMS pain and upper extremity. Continued development on convergence interventions for lateral epicondyle DOMS with pain and upper extremity in the practice are suggested.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.239-244
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• 2001

Stellate ganglion block (SGB) is a frequently used sympathetic block utilized to diagnose or treat various painful conditions of the cervical regions and the upper extremities. Additionally, RadioFrequency (RF) lesions of the stellate ganglion can be useful in managing sympathetically-maintained pain. Two patients were suffering from pain in the face, neck and the upper extremities were treated with stellate ganglion block. In spite of repeated blocks, the degree and duration of pain did not decrease. However, after performing radiofrequency thermocoagulation of the stellate ganglion under fluroscopy, followed by thermography on the process of treatment with RF stellate ganglion neurolysis, the patients' pain levels were alleviated after the RF lesions of stellate ganglion and the procedure also increased the temperature at the upper extremity on thermogarphy. Additionally, the patients did not complain of any remarkable complications following this procedure.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.158-163
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• 2011

Background: Although a brachial plexus block can be used to provide anesthesia and analgesia for upper extremity surgery, its effects using $MgSO_4$ on postoperative pain management have not been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate brachial plexus block using $MgSO_4$ on postoperative analgesia. Methods: Thirty-eight patients who were scheduled to undergo upper extremity surgery were randomly allocated into two groups: patients receiving axillary brachial plexus block with 0.2% ropivacaine 20 ml and normal saline 2 ml (group S) or 0.2% ropivacaine 20 ml and $MgSO_4$ 200 mg (group M). Before extubation, the blocks were done and patient controlled analgesia was started, and then, the patients were transported to a postanesthetic care unit. The postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS), opioid consumption, and side effects were recorded. Results: The two groups were similar regarding the demographic variables and the duration of the surgery. No differences in VAS scores were observed between the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference in opioid consumption between the two groups. Nausea was observed in three patients for each group. Conclusions: Axillary brachial plexus block using $MgSO_4$ did not reduce the level of postoperative pain and opioid consumption.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.65-76
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was designed to find out the differences of the acupuncture sensation by body parts. Methods : Sixty-three subjects got acupuncture at five acupoints which represent five different body parts ; head($GV_{20}$), abdomen($ST_{25}$), back($BL_{24}$), upper extremity($LU_9$), lower extremity($GB_{40}$). All subjests were asked to complete questionnaire rating the intensity of 13 kinds of acupuncture sensation(acupuncture sensation scale, ASS). We compared the subjective acupuncture sensation between the body parts. Results : Intensity of acupuncture sensation of $GV_{20}$ was significantly lower than $LU_9$(p=0.001) and $GB_{40}$(p=0.000). Sum of acupuncture sensation of $GV_{20}$ was also significantly lower than $BL_{24}$(p=0.011), $LU_9$(p=0.004) and $GB_{40}$(p=0.033). Among the 13 types of acupuncture sensation scale, tingling and aching were well sensed at $GV_{20}$ and $ST_{25}$, aching, tingling and sharp pain were well sensed at $LU_9$, $GB_{40}$, dull pain, deep pressure and heaviness were well sensed at $BL_{24}$. Conclusions : Head showed significantly lower intensity of acupuncture sensation than upper extremity and lower extremity. Among the acupuncture sensation scales, tingling and aching were well sensed at head and abdomen, aching, tingling and sharp pain were well sensed at upper extremity and lower extremity, dull pain, deep pressure and heaviness were well sensed at back.