• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.17
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• pp.161-201
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• 1989

1. Introduction Korean society is moving toward an information society in 2000. At present a few Korean libraries are computerized and networks between libraries have yet to be formed. And there is no study done on the computerization of the Korean libraries. Therefore, this study will attempt to find elements that influence the computerization of Korean libraries. This research is composed of the following three parts. 1) Survey on the present status of computerized Korean libraries. 2) The influencing factors for Korean library computerization on the level of organization. 3) The relationship between professionalism and the access to the computer information on the level of librarians. 2. Hypothesis The basic hypothesis of this research is from the theory of the innovation of organization by Moch. He found that the size of the organization, specialization of the staffs, the task differentiation, and decentralization of decision making were the underlying influence for the organizational innovation. From this theory, hypothesis were formulated as follows. 1) The size of the library influences the library computerization. 2) Specialization of the librarians influences the library computerization. 3) Differentiation of the library services influences the library computerization. 4) The decision making process influences the library computerization. 3. Collection of the data Questionnaires were sent to 21 computerized libraries among which were 8 experimental group and 7 other controlled group libraries. Data were collected from April to July 1988. 4. Findings 1) The present status of Korean library computerization. -Korean libraries are computerized mostly in cataloguing. -The computer technology gate-keepers are mainly librarians. -The computerization budgets are not specifically allocated or funded by the organization but librarians made decisions to allocate library budget for the computer application. Gradually, more libraries are being funded specially for library computerization. 2) Factors that influence library computerization. -The size of the western books and the number of western periodical subscription influence the library computerization. -The number of annual book increase influences library computerization. -The number of annual book use influences library computerization. -The number of annual library users does not influences library computerization. - The size of the library budget influences the library computerization. -Librarian's specialization influences the library computerization. -Differentiation of library service influences the library computerization. Information service is positively related to the library computerization while data service is not related to the library computerization. -Decentralization of decision making in library service influences the library computerization.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2011

In the latter half of the Joseon(朝鮮) Dynasty, the medical world was encountering a great change. It is said that a large stream between the first half and the latter half of the Joseon Dynasty was a qualitative transition from official relationships to private relationships, that is, from adjustments by governmental power to contractual relationships between individuals. Doctors who can be said to be the core of the medical world became to be left in severer competition. The fact that the number of people engaged in medical practice increased to the extent that doctors had to compete with each other implies that not only demand for medical care was increasing but also that medical care was becoming social service that must be shared by all people in the Joseon Dynasty rather than by small numbers of men of power. Anyway, it seems like that, in the competition that was becoming fiercer, they tried to establish their authority in diverse methods unlike before. As an authority to determine the social positions of doctors in the latter half of the Joseon Dynasty, the government was still occupying an important position, but doctors tried to show off their medical techniques utilizing excellent teachers or books. Meanwhile, they were making efforts to improve treating skills and thereby they were contributing to the development of medical techniques although they were sometimes criticised because of radical treatment or fierce drugs. In this process, it seems like that some doctors made efforts to establish the social meaning of medicine and their identity. In the short dialogue with Hong Yangho(洪良浩), Cho Gwangil(趙光一) was presenting the image of doctors as active and subjective beings. Pointing out the fact that in the society where feudal position systems were still impregnable, even the Confucian scholars who could be considered as a leading group could not but be passive in front of the sovereign power, he emphasized the fact that doctors could practice treatment as they liked. In that he re-discovered the meaning of treating people's diseases as a professional intellectual and that he was forming a subjective sense that medical techniques are active self expression, it can be carefully said that Cho Gwangil was obtaining his identity as a doctor. In the society in the Joseon Dynasty where the position systems were still valid and the value system under Neo-confucianism(性理學) supporting the system was impregnable, this change can be thought to be small yet quite meaningful.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.36-63
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• 2020

Percival Lowell took photographs of 80s during his stay in Korea in the winter of 1883 and 1884. The photographs are the first in the history of Korea and contain various and precious information about Korea of the day. As such, they could be used for purposes of studying late 19th century Chosōn society. The 61 photographs that are archived in Boston Museum of Fine Art were catalogued by National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage and have been posted online with incorrect explanations by Boston Museum of Fine Art. The explanations have been composed and revised at least four times on the basis of Lowell's writings and archivists' understandings of Korea. However these explanations contain many errors regarding the content of the photographs, yet have been cited by researchers and books concerning the history of Korea. I examined the explanations, analyzed Lowell's writings and diplomatic documents, and confirmed the locations where the photographs were taken. Accordingly, I suggest improved explanations of the photographs to prevent misuse of the Boston Museum of Fine Art's online archive. Lowell's photographs of Chosōn have very high historical value and could be used in various cultural fields because of their various contents and high definition. However, they belong to America and are not cared for sufficiently. Therefore, I suggest that high definition digital scans and prints of the photographs be generated for the sake of overseas Korean cultural heritage collection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.156-156
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• 2000

Recently, the surface electronic states have attracted much attention since their standing wave patterns created around steps, defects, and adsorbates on noble metal surfaces such as Au(111), Ag(110), and Cu(111) were observed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). As a typical example, a striking circular pattern of "Quantum corral" observed by Crommie, Lutz, and Eigler, covers a number of text books of quantum mechanics, demonstrating a wavy nature of electrons. After the discoveries, similar standing waves patterns have been observed on other metal and demiconductor surfaces and even on a side polane of nano-tubes. With an expectation that the surface states could be utilized as one of ideal cases for studying two dimensionakl (sD) electronic system, various properties, such as mean free path / life time of the electronic states, have been characterized based on an analysis of standing wave patterns, . for the 2D electron system, electron density is one of the most importnat parameters which determines the properties on it. One advantage of conventional 2D electron system, such as the ones realized at AlGaAs/GaAs and SiO2/Si interfaces, is their controllability of the electrondensity. It can be changed and controlled by a factor of orders through an application of voltage on the gate electrode. On the other hand, changing the leectron density of the surface-state 2D electron system is not simple. On ewqy to change the electron density of the surface-state 2D electron system is not simple. One way to change the electron density is to deposit other elements on the system. it has been known that Pd(111) surface has unoccupied surface states whose energy level is just above Fermi level. Recently, we found that by depositing Pd on Cu(111) surface, occupied surface states of Cu(111) is lifted up, crossing at Fermi level around 2ML, and approaches to the intrinsic Pd surface states with a increase in thickness. Electron density occupied in the states is thus gradually reduced by Pd deposition. Park et al. also observed a change in Fermi wave number of the surface states of Cu(111) by deposition of Xe layer on it, which suggests another possible way of changing electron density. In this talk, after a brief review of recent progress in a study of standing weaves by STM, I will discuss about how the electron density can be changed and controlled and feasibility of using the surface states for a study of 2D electron system. One of the most important advantage of the surface-state 2D electron system is that one can directly and easily access to the system with a high spatial resolution by STM/AFM.y STM/AFM.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2015

Objectives : A quantitative analysis on the vocabulary in the English translation version of Donguibogam. Methods : This study quantitatively analyzed the English-translated texts of Donguibogam with the Corpus-based analysis, and compared the quantitative results analyzing the texts of original Donguibogam. Results : As the results from conducting the corpus analysis on the English-translation version of Donguibogam, it was found that the number of total words (Token) was about 1,207,376, and the all types of used words were about 20.495 and the TTR (Type/Token Rate) was 1.69. The accumulation rate reaching to the high-ranking 1000 words was 83.54%, and the accumulation rate reaching to the high-ranking 2000 words was 90.82%. As the words having the high-ranking frequency, the function words like 'the, and of, is' mainly appeared, and for the content words, the words like 'randix, qi, rhizoma and water' were appeared in multi frequencies. As the results from comparing them with the corpus analysis results of original version of Donguibogam, it was found that the TTR was higher in the English translation version than that of original version. The compositions of function words and contents words having high-ranking frequencies were similar between the English translation version and the original version of Donguibogam. The both versions were also similar in that their statements in the parts of 'Remedies' and 'Acupuncture' showed higher composition rate of contents words than the rate of function words. Conclusions : The vocabulary in the English translation version of Donguibogam showed that this book was a book keeping the complete form of sentence and an Korean medical book at the same time. Meanwhile, the English translation version of Donguibogam had some problems like the unification of vocabulary due to several translators, and the incomplete delivery of word's meanings from the Chinese character-culture area to the English-culture area, and these problems are considered as the matters to be considered in a work translating Korean old medical books in English.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.709-718
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• 2016

The study considers viewpoints for qualitative improvement of landscape planning based on research literature, books and reports. By classifying items used in this study, evaluation criteria was derived for viewpoint selection using SPSS Statistics. In addition, we establish weights and prioritize viewpoints by measuring the relative importance within the hierarchical index. The analysis results are as follows: First, 16 viewpoints were determined using surveys from experts to establish specific and systematic plans for landscape simulation. Second, with respect to the medium classification level of viewpoint evaluation, the most important factor found was 'view' followed by 'publicness' and 'place.' Third, priority by viewpoint was found to exhibit the following order of relative importance: visual openness of viewpoint, favorability as view target, cultural property space, historicity, public place, gateway place, area where the target can be observed, thickly-populated or most-used place, place where various shapes of targets and surrounding landscape can be identified, ecological protection area, river and waterside area, viewing angle (relief-etching), viewing direction, major roads, distance between the viewpoint and the target, and plains and farmland. These results can contribute to developing systematic and reliable analysis frame for qualitative improvement of landscape planning and evaluating landscape simulation.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.25-55
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• 2011

These results of surveying public librarians can contribute to clearly identifying the status of CHI(consumer health information) services in Korea and to exploring future developments in CHI services. In this study, we investigated whether or not currently Korean public libraries are offering CHI services, whether or not they provide CHI reference services and the frequency of their use, and analyzed librarians' recognition of the need for Korean public libraries to provide the CHI services. The findings are as follows: 1) 70% of Korean public libraries are equipped with health-related books and medical journals, but the rate of libraries that are building CHI-related websites was very low at 5%. 2) The rate of providing the CHI reference services was only 30% of the surveyed public libraries. 3) 82.1% of public libraries did not provide educational programs related to CHI. 4) 82.1% of public libraries did not provide CHI-related services for vulnerable groups. 5) The rate of providing the CHI-related outreach programs and collaborating with CHI-related institutions was no more than about 20% each. These research findings can induce public librarians to provide CHI services in public libraries, and will contribute to activate the CHI-related research in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.107-135
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• 2002

This study concerns Sama Pangmok which is in the possession of Harvard-Yenching Library, Harvard University, USA. Sama Pangmok is the archive of Saengwon Chinsa Examination(the licentiate examination) which is the preliminary test for main civil service examination. And it is the list of the names of the applicants who passed this examination. This examination were conducted from the days of lauching of Chosun as a new nation to the days of Kabo Kyungjang(the 1894 reform). While this examination was conducted 230 times, not all but 186 of the resultant lists are available. Of these 186 lists, this library posses 47 titles. My study of the existing dissertation on the possession of titles by Harvard-Yenching Library, 7 titles where in possession of the same library in 1968 and 5 ones in 190. It is the main objective of this study to clarify the possession of this library and correct the past errors in indication of possession of titles by this library. For this purpose, I conducted a study on Saengwon Chinsa Examination and Sama Pangmok, which could be the historical background of this study. This was followed by research on the bibliographical aspect of Sama Pangmok and the research on the situation concerning this Library's possession of the same lists. Lastly, the analysis of the special feature of Sama Pangmok possessed by this Library was conducted. It is expected that the result of this research will be applied to the practical research of the history of civil service examinations and the old and rare books overseas in the future.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.47-61
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the trend of changes in household labor among middle-aged generations who are facing dynamic changes in the middle of their life cycle. The research method is a literature study that examines and analyzes related data. Specifically, it aims to analyze the basic characteristics of middle-aged generations and trends in household labor, which are revealed through Time Use Survey, market trend reports, newspaper articles, and books. From the perspective of family resource management, housework is an unpaid activity performed by and for family members, and is an activity that can be replaced by purchasing goods or services from the market. This study focuses on the rapid growth of the home appliance market that replaces housework with the development of technology after industrialization, and how the change of technology affected the efficiency of housework. In addition, the composition and characteristics of middle-aged generations greatly changed according to changes in family structure, form, and family value. Examining the current state of housework and changing trends of middle-aged generations, which have different characteristics from previous generations, is significant in that it can predict future market trends and suggest implications for family policies that support the improvement of the quality of life of middle-aged generations.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.219-243
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• 2021

This study analyzes the effects of community-level socioeconomic deprivations (SED) on public libraries' book circulation in the Seoul metropolitan area. The study design draws upon the theory of local information landscapes, which explains the relationship between community characteristics and information behavior. Using four-year (2015-2018) open government and public library circulation data, we constructed a socioeconomic deprivation index by adjusting a multi-dimensional deprivation index and generated other variables. Multi-level robust linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between SED and public library circulation. In addition, we tested the moderating effects of the library collection size and the number of libraries per unit area, respectively, on library circulation. The results show that there is a significant negative relationship between socioeconomic deprivation and library circulation rate. Also, we found that the size of the library collection negatively moderates the effects of SED in areas with a large number of books, and the number of libraries per unit area was positvely related to the library book circulation, not moderating the effects of SED. These findings suggest that public libraries and policymakers should consider community characteristics in designing strategic plans for public libraries.