• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.5721-5727
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• 2015

페인트는 외부로부터 본체가 손상되는 것을 막아주며, 오랫동안 색깔과 마무리 상태를 유지해 준다. 유기용제와 물이 페인트의 용제로 사용되고 있으며, 유기용제는 VOCs의 인위적인 공급원으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 이유로 자동차 내장부품에서 유기용재 페인트의 사용은 줄어들고 있으며, 외장 부품에서는 계속 사용하고 있다. 수성페인트의 접착력은 유성페인트에 비하여 작아, 페인트가 기제로부터 박리되고 있어, 품질문제를 일으킨다. 본 연구에서는 수성페인트와 실린 혼합물의 접착 특성에 대하여 연구하였다. 수성페인트의 접착력을 향상시키기 위하여 접착제와 혼합이 필요하다. 접착력은 UTM을 이용하여 ASTM D1002 방법으로 측정하였고, 박리현상은 ASTM D1002를 사용하여 측정하였다. 수성페인트와 실란접착제의 최적 혼합조건은 $25^{\circ}C$, 500rpm, 20분 이었으며. 실란접착제 농도는 5wt% 이었다

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2013

PURPOSE. This study evaluated the adhesion of 10-MDP containing self-etch and self-adhesive resin cements to dentin with and without the use of etch-and-rinse technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Human third molars (N=180) were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=30 per group). Conventional (Panavia F2.0, Kuraray-PAN) and self-adhesive resin cements (Clearfil SA, Kuraray-CSA) were bonded to dentin surfaces either after application of 3-step etch-and-rinse (35% $H_3PO_4$ + ED Primer) or two-step self-etch adhesive resin (Clearfil SE Bond). Specimens were subjected to shear bond strength test using the universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min). The failure types were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and quality of hybrid layer was observed under a scanning electron microscope. The data (MPa) were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. Overall, PAN adhesive cement showed significantly higher mean bond strength ($12.5{\pm}2.3-14.1{\pm}2.4$ MPa) than CSA cement ($9.3{\pm}1.4-13.9{\pm}1.9$ MPa) (P<.001). Adhesive failures were more frequent in CSA cement groups when used in conjunction with two-step self-adhesive (68%) or no adhesive at all (66%). Hybrid layer quality was inferior in CSA compared to PAN cement in all conditions. CONCLUSION. In clinical situations where bonding to dentin substrate is crucial, both conventional and self-adhesive resin cements based on 10-MDP can benefit from etch-and-rinse technique to achieve better quality of adhesion in the early clinical period.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.434-442
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• 2023

This study was aimed to evaluate the bonding performance of a self-adhesive giomer and compare it to a conventional flowable composite resin with regard to shear bond strength and microleakage in enamel and dentin. Healthy human premolars extracted for orthodontic treatments were used in the study. For shear bond strength tests, enamel and dentin specimens were prepared for the study group with self-adhesive giomer and for the control group with conventional flowable composite resin with a 5th-generation adhesive system. A universal testing machine was used to measure the shear bond strength. For the microleakage tests, specimens were immersed in a 2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours, cut into sections, and evaluated with a stereomicroscope for the extent of dye penetration. The results of the study showed no statistically significant difference in shear bond strength between the self-adhesive giomer and the conventional flowable composite resin in enamel (p = 0.091). On the contrary, in dentin, the self-adhesive giomer showed significantly lower shear bond strength (p < 0.0001). The microleakage of the self-adhesive giomer was significantly higher than that of the conventional flowable composite resin (p = 0.002). Self-adhesive giomer is considered useful for restoring small cavities at the enamel level of pediatric patients by reducing chair time with the advantage of a simple bonding process. However, as the study was conducted in a laboratory setting, further research in a clinical environment is deemed necessary.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.650-658
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• 2000

This study was investigated to compare the bond strength of polysulfide adhesive between tray resin and border molding materials and to evaluate the effect of saliva contamination on them. We made the 135 resin tray secimens with a dimension of $1{\times}1{\times}1cm$ and divided them into 3 groups by the materials 1) Quicky group, 2) Compound group, and 3) Impregum group Each group was subdivided by saliva contimination. Group S1 : applied adhesive without saliva contamination Group S2 : applied adhesive after drying 15seconds after saliva contamination Group S3 : applied adhesive no after saliva contamination. Tensile tests were performed with a Universal Load testing machine. Results showed Impregum group significantly higher bond strength than Quicky group, but there was no significant difference in adhesive bond strength between Compound group and Quicky group in experimental group by materials In experimental group by saliva contamination, S1 group is significantly higher bond strength than S2 group and S2 group is significantly higher bond strength than S3 group in Quicky group and S1, S2 group is significantly higher bond strength than S3 group in Compound group and Impregum group. Impression compound and Impregum F which are usually used as an individual tray border mold-ing material can be said to be satisfied in adhesive bond strength to polysulfide impression materials. After try-in and clinical adjustment are performed, a custom tray should be properly rinsed and air dried before tray adhesive was placed.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.697-705
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two metal adhesive primers on the shear bond strengths of self-curing resin to Ni-Cr a]toy and the effects of 1000 thermal cycling on the durability of the bond. The two selected metal adhesive primers were Metal Primer II(G-C corp., Japan) and MR Bond(Tokuyama corp., Japan) and no treatment groups were used as control. All specimens were divided into two groups according to thermal cycling. In the group without thermal cycling, the specimens were stored in water for 24 hours. In the group with thermal cycling, the specimens were thermocycled 1000 times at temperature of $5^{\circ}C\;and\;55^{\circ}C$. Shear bond strengths were measured using the Universal testing machine(Zwick 145641, Germany) with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The results were as follows: 1. MR Bond significantly improved the shear bond strength of resin to Ni-Cr alloy before and after thermal cycling. 2. There were no difference in the shear bond strength of resin to Ni-Cr alloy between Metal Primer II treated group and no treatment group. 3. Regardless of the type and the use of adhesive primers, there were tendency of decrease in shear bond strength with 1000 thermal cycling.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.378-395
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of various metal surface treatments and adhesive systems on the flexural bond strength of composite resin to Au-Ag-Cu-Pd alloy. The specimens were divided into nine groups by the combinations of surface treatment methods and adhesive systems. The types of surface treatment in this study were alumina blasting only, alumina blasting-Sn plating, alumina blasting-heating and three kinds of adhesive system used in this study were Silicoater system(Heraeus Kulzer GmbH,Germany), Superbond C & B(Sun Medical Co.,Ltd.,Japan) and Cesead opaque primer(Kurary Co.,Ltd.,Japan). After surface treatments and adhesive systems were applied, each specimen was built up with Dentacolor composite resin (Heraeus Kulzer GmbH,Germany). Four-point flexural bond strength was measured by Instron universal testing machine (Model 4301,U.S.A.) and modes of failure were observed by SEM(JEOL,SSM-840A,Japan). The obtained results were as follows: 1. The group that was bonded with Superbond C & B after alumina blasting-heating shelved the highest bond strength with significant difference among the groups, except the group with Cesead opaque primer after alumina blasting-Sn plating(P<0.05). 2. In the groups bonded with Cesead opaque primer, there was significant difference only in the bond strength between the alumina blasting-Sn plating group and alumina blasting group, where the former showed a higher bond strength(P<0.05). 3. In the groups bonded with Silicoater system, there were no significant differences in bond strength regardless of the surface treatment method(P<0.05). 4. In SEM evaluation, the groups of high bond strength, especially bonded with Superbond C & B after alumina blasting-heating and Cesead opaque primer after alumina blasting-Sn plating, revealed mainly cohesive-adhesive failure, whereas the others showed the tendency of adhesive failure.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2009

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM. The poor chemical bonding of a denture base resin to cast titanium framework often introduces adhesive failure and increases microleakage. PURPOSE. This study evaluated the shear bond strengths of a heat cure denture base resin to commercially pure titanium, Ti-6Al-4V alloy and a cobalt-chromium alloy using two adhesive primers. MATERIAL AND MATHODS. Disks of commercially pure titanium, Ti-6Al-4V alloy and a cobalt-chromium alloy were cast. Specimens without the primer were also prepared and used as the controls. The shear bond strengths were measured on a screw-driven universal testing machine. RESULTS. The primers significantly(P < .05) improved the shear bond strengths of the heat cure resin to all metals. However, the specimens primed with the Alloy $primer^{(R)}$(MDP monomer) showed higher bond strength than those primed with the MR $bond^{(R)}$(MAC-10 monomer) on titanium. Only adhesive failure was observed at the metal-resin interface in the non-primed specimens, while the primed specimens showed mixed failure of adhesive and cohesive failure. CONCLUSIONS. The use of appropriate adhesive metal primers makes it possible not only to eliminate the need for surface preparation of the metal framework before applying the heat cure resins, but also reduce the need for retentive devices on the metal substructure. In particular, the Alloy $primer^{(R)}$, which contains the phosphoric acid monomer, MDP, might be clinically more acceptable for bonding a heat cure resin to titanium than a MR $bond^{(R)}$, which contains the carboxylic acid monomer, MAC-10.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-etching on the bond strength of silorane-based composite specific adhesive system to dentin. Materials and Methods: Thirty human molars were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the different bonding strategies. For teeth restored with silorane-based composite (Filtek Silorane, 3M ESPE), the specific self-etching adhesive system (Adhesive System P90, 3M ESPE) was used with and without pre-etching (Pre-etching/Silorane and Silorane groups). Teeth restored with methacrylate based-composite (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE) were hybridized with the two-step self-etching system (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray), with and without pre-etching (Pre-etching/Methacrylate and Methacrylate groups), or three-step adhesive system (Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, 3M ESPE) (Three-step/Methacrylate group) (n = 6). The restored teeth were sectioned into stick-shaped test specimens ($1.0{\times}1.0mm$), and coupled to a universal test machine (0.5 mm/min) to perform microtensile testing. Results: Pre-etching/Methacrylate group presented the highest bond strength values, with significant difference from Silorane and Three-step/Methacrylate groups (p < 0.05). However, it was not significantly different from Pre-etching/Silorane and Methacrylate groups. Conclusions: Pre-etching increased bond strength of silorane-based composite specific adhesive system to dentin.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.21.1-21.11
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the bonding effects of cleaning protocols on dentin impregnated with endodontic sealer residues using ethanol (E) or xylol (X). The effects of dentin acid etching immediately (I) or 7 days (P) after cleaning were also evaluated. For bonding to dentin, universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal; 3M ESPE) was used. The persistence of sealer residues, hybrid layer formation and microshear bond strength were the performed analysis. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty bovine dentin specimens were allocated into 4 groups (n = 10): G1 (E+I); G2 (X+I); G3 (E+P); and G4 (X+P). The persistence of sealer residues was evaluated by SEM. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images were taken to measure the formed hybrid layer using the Image J program. For microshear bond strength, 4 resin composite cylinders were placed over the dentin after the cleaning protocols. ANOVA followed by Tukey test and Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn test were used for parametric and non-parametric data, respectively (α = 5%). Results: G2 and G4 groups showed a lower persistence of residues (p < 0.05) and thicker hybrid layer than the other groups (p < 0.05). No bond strength differences among all groups were observed (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Dentin cleaning using xylol, regardless of the time-point of acid etching, provided lower persistence of residues over the surface and thicker hybrid layer. However, the bond strength of the universal adhesive system in etch-and-rinse strategy was not influenced by the cleaning protocols or time-point of acid etching.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2009

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM. Use of custom tray and tray adhesive is clinically recommended for elastomeric impression material. However there is not clear mention of drying time of tray adhesive in achieving appropriate bonding strength of tray material and impression material. PURPOSE. This study is to investigate an appropriate drying time of tray adhesives by evaluating tensile bonding strength between two types of polyvinylsiloxane impression materials and resin tray, according to various drying time intervals of tray adhesives, and with different manufacturing company combination of impression material and tray adhesive. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Adhesives used in this study were Silfix (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, Del, USA) and VPS Tray Adhesive (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) and impression materials were Aquasil Ultra (monophase regular set, Dentsply Caulk, Milford, Del, USA) and Imprint II Garant (regular body, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany). They were used combinations from the same manufacture and exchanged combinations of the two. The drying time was designed to air dry, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, and 25 minutes. Total 240 of test specimens were prepared by auto-polymerizing tray material(Instant Tray Mix, Lang, Wheeling, Il, USA) with 10 specimens in each group. The specimens were placed in the Universal Testing machine (Instron, model 3366, Instron Corp, University avenue, Nowood, MA, USA) to perform the tensile test (cross head speed 5 mm/min). The statistically efficient drying time was evaluated through ANOVA and Scheffe test. All the tests were performed at 95% confidence level. RESULTS. The results revealed that at least 10 minutes is needed for Silfix-Aquasil, and 15 minutes for VPS Tray Adhesive-Imprint II, to attain an appropriate tensile bonding strength. VPS Tray Adhesive-Imprint II had a superior tensile bonding strength when compared to Silfix-Aquasil over 15 minutes. Silfix-Aquasil had a superior bonding strength to VPS Tray Adhesive-Aquasil, and VPS Tray Adhesive-Imprint II had a superior tensile bonding strength to Silfix-Imprint II at all drying periods. CONCLUSION. Significant increase in tensile bonding strength with Silfix-Aquasil and VPS Tray adhesive-Imprint II combination until 10 and 15 minutes respectively. Tray adhesive-impression material combination from the same company presented higher tensile bonding strength at all drying time intervals than when using tray adhesive-impression material of different manufactures.