• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.35
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• pp.36-86
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• 2006

The industrialization and globalization in the field of broadcasting are rapidly proceeded by extension of multilateral agreement as GATT and WTO, and by expansion of bilateral FTA. The broadcasting gets important in the industries according to the change of broadcasting environment grounded on industrial logic. As the broadcasting products become an important article of trade, broadcasting industry is the best bet in the cultural industries. In the international trade, the USA and Japan will treat cultural products the same as common goods and keep in the frame of free trade. On the contrary, the EU nations and Canada take a position that the cultural products are common goods and also public goods at the same time, and that therefore the cultural products will be excepted from the free trade. But this so called cultural exception, which is formed in the multilateral free trade agreement, is merely a temporal countermeasure, not a fundamental alternative especially in the present circumstances of DDA negotiation of WTO and of enlargement of FTA by the USA. So a nation shall carry out policies for cultural identity and cultural autonomy by the guarantee of Cultural Diversity Agreement of UNESCO, and organize a new cultural exchange order which substitutes the trade order by trade agreements.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.5B
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• pp.356-363
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• 2008

The decision of the USA to found the USF(Universal Service Fund) in 1983, which was aiming to support basic telecommunication services provision at affordable price in rural and high cost areas, has triggered many countries to introduce universal service support mechanisms. Korea has been also operating a universal service support mechanism since 2000 but there are lively controversies on the change of the existing support mechanism. This paper, first, will review universal service support mechanisms in major countries including USA, EU, Chile, Peru and Japan. Second, this paper will classify types of the mechanisms and review merits and demerits of the mechanisms. Finally, this paper will derive some implications for the improvement of domestic Mechanism.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.231-236
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• 2001

How much do we know about the biology of aging from cell culture studies Most normal somatic cells have a finite potential to divide due to a process termed cellular or replicative senescence. A growing body evidence suggests that senescence evolved to protect higher eu-karyotes, particularly mammals, from developing cancer, We now know that telomere shortening due to the biochemistry of DNA replication, induces replicative senescence in human cells. How-ever in rodent cells, replicative senescence occurs despite very long telomeres. Recent findings suggest that replicative senescence is just the tip of the iceberg of a more general process termed cellular senescence. It appears that cellular senescence is a response to potentially oncogenic in-sults, including oxidative damage. In young orgainsms, growth arrest by cell senescence sup-presses tumor development, but later in life, due to the accumulation of senescent cells which se-cret factors that can disrupt tissues during aging, cellular senescence promotes tumorigenesis. Therefore, antagonistic pleiotropy may explain, if not in whole the apparently paradoxical effects of cellular senescence, though this still remains an open question.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.65-103
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• 2019

Purpose The purpose of this study is to find out in extent to which the companies in Korea and oversea, which has been subjected by different laws of their country, have guaranteed the personal information rights and have provided proper 'right to access' to the information subjects. Design/methodology/approach This study compared Korean laws with 'General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)' of EU and 'California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)' to check each of the level of 'right to access' guarantee. In terms of the difference in guaranteeing the right, this study compared Korean IT leading companies with US global leading IT companies to find out how much 'right to access' are properly implemented in their policies and functions they provide. Findings The result of the study shows that 'right to access' has not been well guaranteed by Korean law, as it does not provide the right to choose method and medium by information subjects and does not clarify the types of diverse information. This was clearly opposite with the other laws providing the right to choose what method and medium that subjects want with clarifying every types of personal information possible to be more. In addition, 'right to access' has not been well guaranteed by Korean companies in comparison with by the oversea companies which proactively guarantee the right by setting the function enabling subjects to browse their information through their websites or applications.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.395-408
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• 1999

From the dependence the primary energy of about 97% on imported energy from abroad in Korea, 1997, and the pressure by international address to the Global Climate Change and environmental problem, we should do our best efforts to develop and diffuse of energy technologies. Also, the developed countries such USA, EU, Japan, and so on, are promoting and accelerating the development of energy technologies. From those point of views, we thought that Korea now in the time to provide the new and updated strategies to develop the energy technologies more actively for enhancing national capability, The Korea Institute of Energy Research(KIER), the complex research institution for energies except nuclear energy sponsored by government, prepared the mid and long term strategies and primary research projects, must be worked in and with the KIER, for the areas related to the energy conservation and efficiency increase, the energy environment, the alternative energy, and the diffusion of developed energy technologies.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2004

The regulations for migration amounts in USA, EU and Korea are investigated to compare the actual overall and specific migration date from plastic food packaging materials. Among the packaging materials regulated in above countries, printing ink solvents on packaging materials is used very widely and sometimes cause off-flavor in the food by migration of residual solvents. Even though migration of the residual solvents dose not generally cause safety problems in the contained food, it certainly can generate off-flavor and finally deteriorate quality of the finished product. Therefore regulation and development of analytical method for amount of residual ink solvents are very important issue in food industry. The headspace analytical method and tenax method for residual ink solvent on food packaging materials were evaluated from the accuracy, precise, swiftness and convenience of viewpoint. Headspace analytical method was selected and recommended for using in food industry field.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.29-42
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• 2006

Recent trend of consumers' for health give rise to the interest in health and functional foods. Functional yogurt is a primary item in USA, EU, and Japan that are leaders in health and functional food industry and its market is going to be enlarged. Also in Korea, functional yogurt has been recognized as health food by consumers. Concept of functional yogurt is various by health of intestine, stomach, and liver, and lowering blood pressure in Korean market. However, functional yogurt is not registered as health and functional foods in Health/Functional Food Act of Korea. Under these circumstances, the results of trustable and scientific research on the efficacy of functional yogurt should be accumulated to obtain the consumers' solid recognition of functional yogurt as health and functional food.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.205-228
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• 1999

Intercompany online businesses can offer digital information to each company, and yet without legal verification business activities are less efficient. Just one single country cannot control this problem with its own EC law and now international cooperations are being required. Currently, International Regularization is the main agenda among the international organizations such as UNCITRAL, OECD and WTO and so on. Furthermore, most of the advanced nations, including the USA and EU, announce their fundamental strategies for the multilateral regularization in their favor. At the present stage, South Korea's Electronic Commerce law and Digital Signature law went into effect as from July 1, 1999, indicating that they can strike the keynote of the systematic infrastructure for the electronic commerce transactions in this country.

• Composites Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.90-98
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• 2001

In this survey paper, the application research and development trends of piezoelectric materials are reviewed. Advantages and disadvantages of piezoelectric materials, and the recent research to overcome the drawbacks are discussed. The market of piezoelectric sensors and actuators in USA, Japan, and EU is surveyed with several examples. In Korea, the analytical research concerning piezoelectric materials is active but the developments of devices and equipments are not so active, and the investment in this field is necessary.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.13-24
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• 2018

According to DEKRA (a Germany Certification and Inspection Agency)'s accident rate analysis by vehicle defect factor, as a result of analysis of the causes of accidents by flaws, it was found that braking devices accounted for 41%. Defects in the braking system are closely related to the accident, so it is very important to find faulty brking systems to ensure safety. The EU and USA uses ISO brake tester and the Korea is brake teater is first introduse in Japan for vehicle inspection and maintanance. KOTSA introduce the ISO brake tester in order to promote the advanced standardization of the inspection equipment and inspection tecnology, and examined the detection characteristics and applied it to the improvement direction of the brake tester to secure the driving safety.