• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2008

Background: Human cytomegalovirus UL18, a MHC class I homologue, has been considered a natural killer (NK) cell decoy. It ligates LIR-1/ILT2 (CD85j), an NK inhibitory receptor, to prevent lysis of infected target cells. However, precise role of UL18 to NK cell cytotoxicity is yet elusive. Difficulty in clarifying the function of UL18 lies in complication in detecting UL18 mainly due to low level expression of UL18 on the surface and gradual loss of its expression. Methods: To overcome this hurdle, cDNA of cytoplasmic tail-less UL18 was constructed and expressed in swine endothelial cell (SEC). The expression level and its stability in the cell surface were monitored with FACS analysis. Results: Surface expression of UL18 is up-regulated by removing cytoplasmic tail portion from UL18F (a full sequence of UL18). SECs transfected with a cDNA of UL18CY (a cytoplasmic tail-less UL18) stably expressed UL18 molecule on the surface without gradual loss of its expression during 6 week continuous cultures. In the NK cytotoxicity assay, UL18 functions either inhibiting or activating NK cell cytotoxicity according to the source of NK cells. We found that there is individual susceptibility in determining whether the engagement of NK cell and UL18 results in overall inhibiting or activating NK cell cytotoxicity. Conclusion: In this study, we found that cytoplasmic tail is closely related to the regulatory function for controlling surface expression of UL18. Furthermore, by constructing stable cell line in which UL18 expression is up-regulated and stable, we provided a useful tool to clarify exact functions of UL18 on various immune cells having ILT2 receptor.

• 논리연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.107-126
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• 2016

이 글에서 우리는 약화 없는 비교환적인 퍼지 논리의 크립키형 의미론을 다룬다. 이의 한 예로, 우리는 가-유니놈에 기반한 퍼지 논리 HpsUL의 한 확장 체계인 $CnHpsUL^*$을 위한 대수적 크립키형 의미론을 고려한다. 이를 위하여 먼저 $CnHpsUL^*$ 체계를 소개하고 그에 상응하는 $CnHpsUL^*$-대수를 정의한 후 $CnHpsUL^*$이 대수적으로 완전하다는 것을 보인다. 다음으로 $CnHpsUL^*$을 위한 크립키형 의미론을 소개하고 이를 대수적 의미론과 연관 짓는다.

• 논리연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2012

이 글에서 우리는 퍼지 논리들을 위한 크립키형 의미론을 다룬다. 이를 위한 한 예로 UL을 위한 크립키형 의미론을 다룬다. 이를 위하여 먼저 UL 채계를 소개하고 그에 상응하는 UL-대수를 정의한 후 UL이 대수적으로 완전하다는 것을 보인다. 다음으로 UL을 위한 크립키형 의미론을 소개하고 이를 대수적 의미론과 연관 짓는다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.542-548
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• 1999

The UL47 gene (b 60390-b 60388) located in the unique long region of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) AD169 strain genome was analyzed RNA mapping. Northern blot analysis showed that the UL47 gene was expressed at late times after infection (72 h postinfection). The 9.7-kb transcript was expressed in the infected cells but not in phosphonoformate-treated cells at 72 hpi, indicating that the UL47 gene was only expressed at late times after infection. To map the 5'-end and 3'-end of UL47 transcripts, primer at late times after infection. To map the 5'-end and 3'-end of UL47 transcripts, primer extension and RNase protection analysis were performed. Primer extension analysis revealed that the transcription initiation site of UL47 was located in 27 bp downstream (b 60323) of the TATA box motif. The sizes of UL47 ORF (approximately 2.9-kb) and UL48 ORF (approximately 6.7-kb) deduced from computer sequence analysis suggest that the expressed 9.7-kb transcript of UL47 uses the 3'-end polyadenylation signal of Ul48. The result of RNase protection determined that the 3'-end of UL47 RNA utilized the 3'-end polyadenylation signal of UL48, which is located in HCMV genome b 70082.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.565-570
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 자율주행자동차의 안전성을 보장하기 위해 새로 개발된 국제 표준인 UL 4600에 대해 다룬다. 자동차 안전성 분야의 기존 표준인 ISO 26262와 ISO/PAS 21448 등은 자율주행자동차에 적용되기에 상당한 제한이 있는데 UL 4600은 새로운 접근 방식을 통해 자율주행자동차에 적용이 가능하다. 기존 표준은 안전을 보장하기 위한 다양한 기술적 확인 조건을 구체적으로 표준에 적시하고 제조사가 이를 지켰는지를 인증하도록 하는데 비해 UL 4600은 자율주행자동차가 왜 안전한지를 제조사가 설명하고 증명하도록 한다. 즉, UL 4600은 (1) 시스템이 설계될 때 가정된 특정 운행 환경에서 (2) 안전성을 보장하기 위한 주장을 설정하고 (3) 이 주장을 만족하는데 필요한 논증을 제시하며 (4) 이 논증을 실제적으로 증명할 수 있는 증거를 제시하도록 한다. UL 4600은 특정 설계나 특정 기술을 요구하지 않으므로 기술 중립적이며 제조사에게 수단 방법과 관계 없이 안전 목표를 증명할 것만 요구한다. 또한 UL 4600은 자율주행자동차를 운용하면서 발생한 다양한 사례를 피드백 루프를 통해 표준 내에 수용하며, 이를 통해서 표준 제정 단계에서는 알 수 없는 다양한 위험에 효과적으로 대응할 수 있다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.585-589
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• 1998

The herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1)-encoded DNA polymerase consists of two subunits, the products of the UL30 and UL42 genes. UL30 and UL42 were coexpressed in Sf9 cells infected with recombinant baculoviruses carrying the two genes. The UL30 and UL42 gene products remained tightly associated throughout the purification, which led to a near homogeneous heterodimer composed of the DNA polymerase and UL42 protein. The DNA polymerase-UL42 protein heterodimer, purified from the recombinant baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells, showed the same high degree of processivity of deoxynucleotide polymerization as the enzyme purified from the HSV-1 infected primate cells. Like the latter, it contained a 3'-5' exonuclease activity that specifically hydrolyzes an incorrectly matched nucleotide at the 3' terminus of a primer, thereby contributing to the fidelity of DNA replication.

• 논리연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.39-57
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• 2018

이 글에서 우리는 약화 없는 비교환적인 퍼지 논리의 비대수적 크립키형 의미론 즉 집합 이론적 크립키형 의미론을 다룬다. 이를 위하여 먼저 우리는 가-유니놈에 기반한 퍼지 논리 HpsUL의 한 확장 체계인 $CnHpsUL^*$을 소개한다. 다음으로 CnHpsUL*을 위한 집합 이론적 크립키형 의미론을 소개한다.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 1999년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.114-117
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to compare with the characteristics of Wumul-maru components in upper class Chosun dynasty. Physical trace method was used for this study. The samples were taken from the Sarang-taechong of 6 traditional Korean houses, Yunkyungdang, the ancient Chusa estate, Sunkyojand, Chunghyodang, Yangjindang, Unjoru. The major findings were summarized as follows; 1) Regarding to the scale characteristics, the number of changguit'ul(long board) was 1, chungguit'ul(middle-length board) 5, tongguit'ul(center board) 8m and maruno. 98, and the size of changguit'ul was 253$\times$4478mm, chungguit'ul 182$\times$2396mm, tongguit'ul 179$\times$2310mm, and marunol 247$\times$574mm. 2) Regarding to the proportion characteristics, the proportion of changguit'ul was 1:18.2, chungguit'ul 1:16.7, tongguit'ul 1:12.9, and marunol 1:2.62 and the proportion of components was 1:3:4:17.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2015년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
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• pp.433-434
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• 2015

분산전원 연계용 PCS에 적용되는 UL인증은 UL 1741로서 PCS의 H/W Safety를 검사하는 인증 기준이며, UL 1998은 UL 1741의 하위 참조 인증으로 S/W Functional Safety를 요구한다. UL1741은 Grid Code 기준으로 IEEE 1547.1을 요구하며, H/W 관련하여 안정성 측면에서 특정 요구 수준의 달성 유무를 중심으로 검증한다. 본 논문에서는 UL 1741 인증 기준과 S/W 인증인 UL 1998 인증 기준을 분석하고 이를 적용하여 개발한 1MW EES PCS에 대하여 기술한다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2011

In the pathological theory of Oriental medicine, the concept of Ul(鬱) largely comprises the two meanings as follows. One is the concept used as the meaning of pathological state originated from stasis in Qi-Xie(氣血) or the function of internal organs. The other is the concept used as the meaning of Ul-disease(鬱病), which is a group of symptom that is mostly characterized by stasis in function of Qi system. The concept of Ul in the medical classics was originated from "Neijing(內經)", and in this book it was depicted as five-Ul(五鬱). Since the concept of Ul was depicted in "Neijing", many relevant theory about it had been developed on the basis of the theory in "Neijing", and in the theoretical development like this, the concept of Ul had become a little bit complicated. With regard to the historical change like this, this study is going to focus on some argument in Ming(明) dynasty, which asserted the existence of deficiency[虛證] in Ul that had opposed the general thought of that time usually recognizing the concept of Ul as [實證]. In this point of view, this study regards Zhang-zihe(張子和) as a doctor who had made an important role in the theoretical development of Ul after "Neijing", and will newly analyze the theoretical development of Ul on the basis of the Zhang-zihe's Ul theory, which is seemed to have played the main role in the formation of concept of Ul as excessive state[實證].