• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.414-422
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• 2011

자색 고구마로부터 페놀성 화합물 추출 최적 조건은 50% 에탄올로 12시간 추출하였을 때 최대 용출량을 나타내었다. 불과 50% 에탄올을 용매로 하여 제조한 자색 고구마 종류별 추출물의 항산화 활성 측정 결과 전자공여능, ABTS, PF 측정에서 일반 고구마에 비하여 자색 고구마 자미, 신자미, 연자미 품종 모두 높게 나타났으며, TBARs 측정결과 모든 추출물에서 30% 이하로 낮은 TBARs 생성 억제활성을 나타내었다. 피부상재균에 대한 최소저해농도(MIC)를 측정한 결과 Staphylococous aureus 및 Escherichia coli에 대한 MIC는 자미, 연자미, 신자미에서 각각 5,000 및 2,500 ppm으로 나타났으며, Staphylococous epidermidis에 대한 MIC는 자미가 2,500 ppm으로 가장 낮은 농도를 나타내었다. 자색고구마 추출물의 화장품활성을 살펴본 결과 미백활성은 자미 품종 물 추출물에서 60% 이상으로 가장 높았으며, 자미 알콜추출물의 경우도 48.7%의 높은 미백활성을 나타내었다. 모든 자색고구마 품종에서 수렴활성과 주름개선효과는 관찰할 수 없었으나, 항염증 활성은 높게 관찰되었으며, 자미 품종의 에탄올 추출물이 94.4%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 자미 추출물을 첨가한 화장품의 온도 및 자연광에 의한 성상 변화는 확인되지 않았으며, 첩포시험을 통한 자각 증상도 나타나지 않았다. 또한 크림 사용 후 피부톤의 변화와 모공의 크기 변화를 측정한 결과 노화가 많이 일어난 피부가 젊은 피부보다 더 높은 긍정적인 효과를 나타내었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1136-1143
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• 2019

본 연구는 Saccharomyces cerevisiae를 이용하여 발효한 참당귀 분말을 수용성 용매에 추출하여 이화학적 특성 및 생리활성을 비교 검토하였다. 당도 및 pH를 확인한 결과, NF군 $1^{\circ}Brix$에 비해 F/3군 $0.9^{\circ}Brix$로 발효가 됨에 따라 당도가 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 한편, F/3군의 pH는 NF군 및 F/0군에 비해서 높은 수치를 나타냈다. Thin-layer chromatography 실험결과, F/3군이 NF군에 비해 대부분 저분자의 당 형태로 분해된 것을 확인하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량 및 플라보노이드 함량은 참당귀 분말 추출물에 비해 발효 참당귀 분말 추출물에서 전반적으로 함량이 증가하였다. 미네랄 중 K 및 Ca 함량은 F/3군, F/0군 및 NF군 순으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. Decursin 및 decursinol angelate 함량은 NF군보다 F/3군에서 더 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 참당귀 및 발효 참당귀 수용성 추출물의 항산화 활성은 NF군 41.89%, F/0군 39.51%, F/3군에서 60.26%으로 활성이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 미백 및 항염증 효능 실험결과, 참당귀 분말 추출물에 비해 발효 참당귀 분말 추출물에서 효능이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서 한방 생약재 중 참당귀를 유용 미생물로 발효시켜 사용함으로써 항산화능, 생리활성물질, 미백효능 및 항염증 효과에서 긍정적인 결과를 나타내어 향후 화장품 개발을 위한 소재로써 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SM4를 이용하여 Beta vulagaris의 생물전환물(BBE)의 피부미백 및 자외선 흡수 효과를 확인하기 위한 것으로 총 폴리페놀 함량(TPC), 총 플라보노이드 함량(TFC), 라디칼 소거 활성(RSA), 티로시나아제 활성 억제(TAI)를 측정하여 항산화 활성 및 미백활성을 평가하였다. BBE의 TPC와 TFC는 25.0 mg GAE/g DM, 8.05 mg QE/g DM으로 각각 열수 추출물(HWE) 대비 1.3, 1.1 배 높았다. 항산화 활성 지표인 RSA와 피부 미백 효과 지표인 TAI가 각각 36.8%, 68.6%로 HWE보다 1.1, 1.2 배 높았다. BBE의 UVA와 UVB 흡수율은 각각 21.4, 87.6%로 HWE보다 1.4, 1.7 배 높았다. 또한 LC-MS/MS를 이용한 BBE의 주요 물질을 분석을 통해 항산화 및 피부 미백 효과가 높은 것으로 알려진 폴리페놀의 일종인 kaempferol과 isorhamnetin이 확인됐다. 이에 따라 BBE는 항산화, 피부 미백, 자외선 흡수 특성이 우수해 기능성 화장품 소재로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.1278-1288
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• 2023

헤스페리딘(Hesperidin, HD)은 다양한 식물체에 존재하는, 강한 항산화 기능을 가진 대표적인 flavonoid의 일종이다. 본 연구에서는 수용성 HD인 Hesperidin glucoside(HDG)가 가지는 세포손상 회복, 항염증 인자억제 및 melanin 생성억제 활성을 세포수준에서 비교하였다. HDG는 HD에 당전이 효소반응으로 제조되었으며, HD에 비해 20,000배 이상 수용해도가 증가되었다. HaCaT 세포주에 대한 세포독성은 HDG가 HD에 비해 월등히 낮았다. HD와 HDG는 모두 자외선 조사된 HaCaT 세포에서 세포생존율 회복효과를 나타내었다. 또한 HD와 HDG는 세포내 산화질소(NO), 종양괴사인자-α(TNF-α) 및 인터루킨-6(IL-6)과 같은 염증 매개체 및 cytokine을 감소시켰으며, HD 보다는 HDG의 효과가 다소 우수하였다. Melanoma B16F10 세포주를 이용한 melanin 형성능과 tyrosinase 저해활성을 측정한 결과, HD와 HDG 모두 효과를 나타내었으며 HDG가 약간 우수한 결과를 보였다. 결론적으로, HD의 당전이체인 HDG는 HD에 비해 동등이상의 세포손상 회복, 염증성 매개체 및 cytokine 억제능과 melanin 형성억제능을 나타내었으며, HDG의 높은 수용성과 낮은 세포독성 등의 특성은 다양한 분야에서의 용도를 확대시킬 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2009

This study was performed to improve antioxidant activities and skin-whitening effects of Rubus coreanus Miquel extracts by nano-encapsulation. R. coreanus was extracted at $60^{\circ}C$ and encapsulated by lecithin and gelagine. Nano-encapsulated extracts showed highest free radical scavengering effect as 97.62% in adding sample ($500\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$), compared to the extracts from conventional processes. It was showed strong inhibition effect on melanin production test by Clone M-3 cells as 55.23%. High inhibitory potency on tyrosinase was also measured as 155.8% by adding nano-sample of 1 $mg/m{\ell}$. The improvement of biological activity was demonstrated by real time confocal microscope. We could consider that the water soluble extracts of R. coreanus could be definitely enhanced by nano-encapsulated as a potent natural resources for antioxidant and skin-whitening agent.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.496-505
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• 2020

Background: Panax ginseng is a marvelous herbal remedy for all ailments of body. That may be why it is called Panax, which means "cure for all". Melanin is a pigment that gives color to our skin; however, increased melanin production can lead to tumor formation. Human exposure to ultraviolet B radiation has increased extensively owing to the increased sunlight due to global warming. Consequently, a phenomenon called photoaging has been observed for all skin colors and types. As a result of this phenomenon, a set of enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases, which serve as degradation enzymes for extracellular matrix proteins, mainly collagen, is increased, causing depletion of collagen and resulting in early wrinkle formation. Methods: Therefore, in our study, we used the murine melanoma cell line B16/F10 to study the inhibition of melanogenesis by Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) extract in vitro and HRM-2 hairless mice exposed to artificial ultraviolet B to examine the efficacy of KRG in vivo. We prepared a 3% red ginseng extract cream and evaluated its effects on human skin. Results: Our results demonstrated that KRG induced potent suppression of tyrosinase activity and melanin production in B16/F10 cells; moreover, it reduced the transcription and translation of components involved in the melanin production pathway. In the in vivo experiments, KRG potently suppressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinases, reduced wrinkle formation, and inhibited collagen degradation. On human skin, ginseng cream increased skin resilience and skin moisture and enhanced skin tone. Conclusion: Therefore, we conclude that KRG is an excellent skin whitening and antiaging product.

• 생약학회지
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• 제38권2호통권149호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2007

Regarding chemical changes in oriental drugs after food processing such as roasting, fermentation, and extrusion, fifty commonly-used medicinal plants were investigated. As a result, Aurantii nobilis Pericarpium (a tangerine peel from Citrus unshu Markovich) showed remarkably different HPLC profiles after being roasted. An increased peak was isolated by repeated chromatography and identified as 5-hydroxymethyl furfral (5-HMF) by means of instrumental analyses. The 5-HMF content of Aurantii nobilis Pericarpoum reached its maximum level after being roasted for 30 min at 225$^{\circ}C$ (49.2 mg/g extract, ca 42 times of increase over untreated control). Although there were no significant changes in in vitro biological activity such as antioxidative, anti-dementia, anti-hypertension, anti-coagulation, or cytotoxicity, before and after roasting process, our results suggested that simple heat treatment might improve the value of the above oriental drug since 5-HMF has been known to possess inhibitory activities toward nitric oxide formation, tyrosinase, and sickling of red blood cells.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.161-164
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• 2002

Gentisic acid is a skin-whitening agent which inhibits the tyrosinase activity, an essential enzyme in the process of biological synthesis of melanin. Since melanin is synthesized in melanocytes located between the viable epidermis and dermis layer, drug amount delivered into the epidermis/dermis layer can provide valuable information for the biological effect of skin-whitening agents. The purpose of this study was to prepare the gentisic acid patches with 2% dodecylamine as enhancer, and to observe the in vitro skin permeation and in vivo skin deposition of gentisic acid. Gentisic acid in DuroTak 87-2510 patch formulation permeated across hairless mouse skin at the rate of $40.79\;{\mu}g/cm^2/hr$. In vivo study showed that the gentisic acid amount in both the stratum corneum and the viable epidermis/dermis increased with the increase of application time. The amount of gentisic acid in the stratum corneum was higher than that in the epidermis/dermis layer, and was expected to provide a reservoir effect even after removing the patches. Thus, the patch formulation seems to be useful for the topical delivery of skin-whitening agent into the epidermis/dermis layer, the target site.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2017

Vitiligo is an intriguing depigmentary disorder and is notoriously difficult to be treated. The ultimate goal of vitiligo treatment is to replenish the lost melanocytes by immigration from hair follicle and to restore the normal function of melanogenesis by residual melanocytes. There are two types of topical calcineurin inhibitors called tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, and are recommended as the first-line treatments in vitiligo. Although pimecrolimus is efficacious for the repigmentation of vitiligo, its intrinsic mechanisms have never been investigated in vitro. This research aimed to study the ability of pimecrolimus on stimulating melanogenesis, melanocyte migration and MITF (microphthalmia associated transcription factor) protein expression. Results showed that pimecrolimus at the dosages of 1, 10, $10^2$nM were neither mitogenic nor cytotoxic to melanocytes. The addition of pimecrolimus at 10, $10^2$ and $10^3nM$ significantly increased intracellular tyrosinase activity, which was consistent with the elevated content of melanin content at the same concentrations. The peak effect was seen at 72 h in response to $10^2$nM pimecrolimus. Results of the wound scratch assay and Transwell assays indicate that pimecrolimus is effective in facilitating melanocyte migration on a collagen IV-coated surface. In addition, MITF protein yield reached the highest by pimecrolimus at $10^2nM$. In brief, pimecrolimus enhances melanin synthesis as well as promotes migration of melanocytes directly, possibly via their effects on MITF protein expression.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2002

Recent evidence has suggested that trunk neural crest cell generally assumed to have equivalent differentiation potentials, demonstrate differentiation bias along the anterior/posterior axis. In amphibian and fish, neural crest cells give rise to three chromatophore types, melanophores, xantho-phores, and iridophores. Each pigment cell type has distinct characteristics but there is speculation about the cellular plasticity that exists among them. Neural crest cells migrate along specific routes, ventromedially and dorsolaterally. Neural crest cells that travel dorsolaterally are the first cells to begin migration in the axolotl and are the major contributors to the visible pigment pattern. Many factors and mechanisms that are responsible for guiding migratory neural crest cells along potential pathways or determining their fate remain unknown. A single lineage of the crest, which becomes restricted to one of the three pigment cell types, gives us the opportunity to examine the existence of neural crest stem cell populations and cellular plasticity. Study presented here showed results from recent in vitro studies designed to identify parameters influencing differentiation events of individual neural crest-derived pigment cell lineages. Melanophore production from neural crest explants originating from different levels along the anterior/posterior axis of wild type-axolotl embryos were compared and demonstrate that the differentiation of melanophores is enhanced in subpopulation of neural crest treated with forskolin. Forskolin (an adenylate cyclase activator) increases intracellular CAMP concentration and eventually activates the protein kinase-A signaling pathway. Melanophore number, melanin content, and tyrosinase activity in explants taken from the anterior-most region of the crest increased significantly in response to forskolin treatment. This study suggests implications of region specific influences and developmental regulation in the development of pigment pattern.