• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.67 no.5
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• pp.353-361
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• 2023

This study analyzed the uses of visual representations of particles in the matter units of the middle school science textbooks developed under the 2015 Revised National Curriculum. The material units in four textbooks were divided into explanation, inquiry, and evaluation sections, and visual representations of particles presented in the science textbooks were analyzed by the use type, the activity type, and the level of activity. In the explanation section, the visual representations of particles were mainly presented in the auxiliary use type, and in the inquiry and evaluation section, they were mainly presented in a direct use type. In terms of the activity types of the direct use of visual representations of particles, the interpreting activity was mainly presented in the explanation and evaluation sections, while the generating activity and completing activity were presented in relatively higher proportion in the inquiry section than the other two sections. In terms of activity level, identifying was the most common activity level in the explanation section, and inferring was the most common activity level in the inquiry and evaluation sections. Based on these results, the implications for the presentation and uses of visual representations of particles in science textbooks are discussed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.355-362
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• 2016

This research analyzed 'esquisse', that is one of among the visual representation tools of designers in design-thinking process. They were classified into five different types(M, N, O, P, Q) and categorized about preferred type of brain dominance area based on Ned Herrmann's 'Brain 4 division theory'. By contrasting and analyzing five types of sketch tendencies and brain tendencies through Structural left -brain type(M), Emotional limbic-brain type(N), Visual right-brain type(O), Plane expressional right-brain type(P) and Text expressional right-brain type(Q), it was deduced that which utilization the designer with each brain type with various Styles and characteristics shows internally in the design thinking process can be analyzed.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.153-180
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• 2023

Previous research on the action effect had shown how simple action towards a stimulus can enhance the processing of that stimulus in subsequent visual search task (Buttaccio & Hahn, 2011; Weidler & Abrams, 2014). In four experiments, we investigated whether semantic representation of action word can induce the same attentional boost towards that stimulus and whether the type of action performed can modulate the action effect. In experiment 1, we replicated the same experimental paradigm displayed in previous studies. Participants were first shown an action word cue - "go" or "no". When the action cue was "go", participants were to press a designated key, but not to when the action cue was "no". Next, participants performed a visual search task, in which they reported the orientation of a tilted bar. The target could appear on top of the previously shown prime object (valid), or not (invalid). Reaction times (RTs) to the search task were measure for analysis and comparison, and the action effect had been replicated. In experiment 2, participants were instructed to respond with the keyboard for the action task, and to respond with the joystick for the visual search task. In experiment 3, participants were instructed not to press any key on the onset of prime, and then perform the visual search task to isolate the effect of semantic representation. Lastly, in experiment 4, participants were instructed to press separate keys for "go" and "no" on the onset of prime, and then perform the visual search task. Results indicate that semantic representation alone did not modulate the action effect, regardless of type of action and medium of action.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.435-443
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the design identity visual elements of optical shop brand$\underline{s}$ in order to provide objective data necessary for optical shop brands' design development. Methods: This study examined the design identity concept of the optical shop brands and analyzed visual elements of brand design identity with a focus on the symbols of domestic franchise optical shops, type of a symbol mark, representation style of logo type, color usage, use or non-use of character, etc. Results: Many symbols were directly associated with the eyeglasses, such as eyeglasses and eyes, face and iris. Along with that, letters or figures were also observed. For the type of symbol, most types were found to have the designs that took spherical and word mark shapes. Particularly, the word mark type had English words more often than Korean words. For logo types, the gothic format was dominant. In relation to the thickness of letter, thick boldface type was commonly used. The combination of 2 degrees was the color frequency used most often in the optical shop brand design. For the frequency of color usage, black and red colors were used most often. Particularly, the orange color, as well as the black color, was also often used for the main color of symbols or logo types. Meanwhile, the characters were used only in some optical shop. Most characters were animals and expressed in the cartoon and graphical forms. Conclusions: Typifier, symbol mark, logo type, color, and character are the elements forming the basic development system for brand design identity. Systematic design is needed which clearly ensures the function and role along with the mutual consistency as a important visual component of the optical shop brand.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.379-392
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• 2019

Public service advertising is a form of communication activity performed to increase public interest. In order to improve the effectiveness of public service advertising, it is necessary to formulate advertising strategies that can actually induce positive action changes. China has various social problems because of dramatic social changes, which call for implementing public service advertising. This study aims to improve the persuasive effects of Chinese public service advertising by addressing effective communication strategies. In particular, we selected 33 works that use fear appeals from 2016 HuangHe Award-winning posters and analyzed their visual representation of fear appeals. The results suggest that fear appeals are frequently used in safe driving and anti-smoking campaigns. In addition, main colors of these posters were black and white. The main fearful images were often represented in a form of 'fact' and 'factual conception' and in the type of 'picture.' They also have features of implicit association' and 'exaggeration'. This study has a significance in terms of providing theoretical and empirical information to future research on improvement of public service advertising in China.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.521-530
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• 2008

Graphical user interface design, the visual language to convey information about the icon and the user's information is a medium that can lead to action. Graphical user interface to communicate with the user icon, the user is easy to use, so any time you want to provide information effectively. Communication in order to increase the efficiency of the Graphic User Interface on the nature of the medium must be made to develop the appropriate icon. In this research icon of the type of icon painting. A picture of the icon representation of each type of detail, according to a rating of johyeongjeok identify the elements of the correlation between. On the type of representation of each of Art and Design elements that I know what I saw. The icon design based on user preferences provide guidance on the direction of design-oriented. When the data can be used to designs based on the theory has to offer.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.207-219
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• 2007

Students have a hard time with a formal proof, which is one of most important part in mathematics education. They were taught the proof with algebraic visual materials using technology and specialized visual materials. But, they experienced the difficulty in justifying due to the lack of experimental recognition with the representation using technology. The specialized visual materials limited the extension of mathematics thinking of students because it worked only for the case that is fixed. In order to solve this type of problem, we made algebraic visual materials for 9th graders using technology and generalized visual materials so that students experience for themselves to help them to experience experimental justification, thus we recognized that they were improved in enhancing mathematical thinking.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.626-637
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• 2019

Due to the rapid development of computer and digital technologies, those technologies were used in advertising. In order to meet the needs of marketing, a virtual space or character using 3D graphic augmented reality technology was developed and applied to advertisement. This study analyzed the characteristics of augmented reality in terms of interface design and spatial expression of augmented reality through case study. Firstly, we wanted to find the relationship between the types of the augmented reality advertisement and interface effects. Secondly, we wanted to find the spatial expression methods. The sample survey case studies based on 42 articles from 2012 to 2018 using Chinese and Korean site sharing augmented reality advertisement. The results of the case studies were divided into two parts. Firstly, the relationship between augmented reality types and interface effects were found basing on the augmented reality index. It means that the augmented reality index can be illustrated by using the augmented reality type. Simultaneously, the augmented reality type can be illustrated using the interface effect. The second part was that the types of display were used as a spatial representation. And the results showed that mobile display and public place display were the most frequently used.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.2 s.49
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• pp.112-119
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• 2005

This study attempts to suggest new directions of urban multi-family housing design in the recent era of information, in which the representation of publicity and privacy of the housing reflects new meanings and relationships of the current digital society. The study examines cases of Dutch multi-family housing and investigates the meanings and relationships of publicity and privacy in the building as well as unit design of the housings. Borneo-Sporenburg housing development is a good example that suggests new interpretation and design solution for low-rise, high-density multi-family housing. Thus, this study analyzes street patterns, facade design, and ways of housing unit combination in Borneo-Sporenburg housing and concludes as follows. First, public space in Borneo-Sporenburg housing, which was designed differently from hierarchical and centripetal organization of modern architecture, is divided into small units and spread into the inside, which provides high potential for personal control of space and personal programming of space by space choices. Second, street pattern and facade design of Borneo-Sporenburg housing provide visual publicity and privacy simultaneously as they maintain unity as a whole as well as articulate individual unit in many different ways and provide clues to neighboring. Streets as a public domain have self-controlled boundaries for residents and introduce voluntary use-programs for residents. Third, facades of the housing have no inter-mediate space or common space, and confront streets directly. Space in-between is composed inside the facade and extends into the streets by residents' own choices. Fourth, privacy and individuality of the housing is strengthened. Units of the housing have individual entrances, unique plan type and complicated combination of space that all together emphasize individuality of units, however they are not often notified from the outside.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.30
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• pp.261-274
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• 1996

In the present age dominate by both cer-taingty of 1% and uncertainty of 99% 'Fuzzy thinking' of Bart Kosko that is the way to solve the problems by the scientific way through a worldview of Buddhism or Taoism greatly prevails around the world over 'Lateral greatly prevails around the world over 'Lateral thinking' and the authenticity or the right and-wrong of the uncertainty which is the thinking way to find the answer of the problems of illogical way of Edward de Beno against the western vertical thinking were Concurrently fashion designers over the world also adopt the oriental elements. But there exist differences of thoughts between the orient and the occident. And they have dif-ferent thinking way of aestheticism and references of the value on the beauty. Not only beauty but the view through the mind as intuitional thought in which not only the rec-ognition of sense but also the rationalism and the naturalness play key role. The aesthetic sense in the orient contains both the truth and virtue. 2) The beauty of the mean It's from the thought of neutralization of Confucius. The mean or moderation state which in harmony with ethical virtue and aes-thetic beauty is the ideal and is the ultimate. Therefore the thought of Confucian is the creativity in which the balance and the har-mony is most important. Fashion design is also one of the representation of the mean because the spirit of the designer is harmonized for-mlessly with the object of the model of the fashion design. 2) The beauty of skillfulness It indicates the Taoism of Lao-tzu and Chuangtzu. It takes a super-artistic declar-ation that human can feel and recognize the color of colorlessness the sound of sound-lessness and the taste of tastelessness. The thought of arts affected by Taoism is 'ad-vanced age' called the beauty of skillfulness. The view of arts of lao-tzu takes the beauty of cosmos and the nature as a standard. Es-pecially the beauty of inactivity is recognized by the linkage between the beauty and the ugliness. And these things appear in fashion design as a design element such as humor or exaggeration. 3) The beauty of non-dualism It is thought of Buddhism that all evil passions of worry occur form the opposition in dualism. Finally this thought leads to that everything is consistent and truth is only one from the point of view that virtue and vice has on linkage that is 'no virtues no vices' and 'one with two, two, with one, one is not two' A big tendency like this became the root forma-tion of the thought of the oriental arts. 3. Characteristics of the oriental aesthetic sense on the present fashion design 1) The formation of the fashion design on the oriental elements In the picture-incantation which was a representation of an era when the thought of 'cosmic dual forces' dominated the basic polygons of 'a circle square triangle' means both 'one two three' and 'the negative positive mean' of cosmic elements. From this point of view the was of planner cutting in the Orient is dif-ferent from that of the Occidental which is in three-dimensional. The planner polygon type of the cut-pieces comes to have the meaning of the three-dimension when they consist of a suit that has the combination of each cut-piece. This shows the consistency with the principle of cosmos creation of Taoism that one is two two is three and three is every-thing. 2) The coloring and the symbolic represen-tation of the fashion design on the orien-tal elements The sense on the colors in the Orient from the thought of 'the cosmic dual forces and the five elements' is not the experi-enced from the knowledge but contains the consideration of philosophy Five-primary-color representing compass directions Blue(East) Red(South) Yellow(Center) White (West) and Black (North) is called ' the posi-tive' for this five-primary-color secondary-color which comes from the compound of the primary colors is called 'the negative' The thought of 'the cosmic dual forces and the five elements' is also an theory containing the natural order of the cos-mos and this shows the perceptional differ-ence that they are not conceptual but to be recognized and fell directly. A thought of Buddhism which is 'Colors are colorlessness and Clolorlessness are color's proves that. 3) The pattern and symbolic representation of the fashion design on the oriental elements The pattern as a visual style is a figure of symbolic representation which adopt the mental and physical world of human and are the compo-sition of artistic revelation of the human nature and the religous thought of incantation. Es-pecially the symbolic representation of the oriental thought of Confusion. Buddhism and Taoism There are patterns such as plants aminals the oriental four gods and geometry. From the above it's the time toward the 21'th century when the world is constructing one global area and one historical zone. And the exotic mood of the Orient represented in the fashion which doesn't make the common feeling in general does not cease to develop only to express the visual modeling but also adopts the thought religion and the art which are the root of the Orientail and contains inherent willing of modeling.