• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2015

Trichoderma spp.는 골프장에서 잔디관리를 위해 사용하는 대표적인 미생물이다. 본 연구는 두 종류의 Trichoderma spp. 미생물비료의 잔디 생육과 품질에 미치는 효과를 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 처리구는 비료의 종류에 따라 무처리구(non-fertilizer; NF), 대조구(control fertilizer; CF), Trichoderma harzianum처리구(TH) 및 T. atroviride처리구(TA)로 설정하여 처리한 후 엽색지수와 엽록소지수, 잔디뿌리길이, 잔디밀도, 잔디 예지물 및 잔디 중 양분함량 등을 측정하여 잔디생육과 품질을 평가하였다. TH와 TA에서 엽록소지수와 잔디뿌리길이가 CF보다 증가하였고, TA는 CF보다 잔디밀도와 질소함량 및 질소 흡수량이 증가하였다. 잔디 생육인자 별 상관관계에서 잔디 중 질소함량은 잔디밀도와 잔디뿌리길이 및 질소 흡수량에서 정의상관성을 보였으며, 잔디밀도는 엽록소지수와 정의 상관성을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과들을 종합할 때, Trichoderma harzianum 및 T. troviride의 미생물비료 처리는 잔디의 질소흡수를 촉진하여 지상부와 지하부의 생육 증가 및 품질을 향상시킬 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2021

현대인에게 미백화장품은 미를 나타내는 중요한 요소이다. 균류는 미백에 연관된 다양한 물질대사산물을 생산한다. 본 연구에서 미백기능성 화장품에 소재를 탐색하기 위해 Trichoderma atroviride 배양액에 물질대사산물에 의한 tyrosinase inhibitors를 조사하였다. 또한, 억제 효과는 식의약안전처에 미백화장품 원료로 승인된 알부틴과 비교하였다. T. atroviride 배양액에 물질대사산물은 알부틴의 활성보다 높은 tyrosinase 억제 활성을 보였다. T. atroviride 배양액에 포함된 tyrosinase inhibitors 중 일부는 열에 안정한 반면에, 일부는 열에 불안정하였다. 본 물질들은 약산성~중성 pH 영역에서는 안정하였지만, 그 외 영역에서는 매우 불안정하였다. Proteinase K에 의해 활성 영향이 거의 없었기 때문에 inhibitor들은 대부분 물질대사산물로 구성된 것으로 추정된다. 따라서 본 T. atroviride 배양액에 물질대사산물은 미백화장품 소재로써 잠재적 가치가 있는 것으로 제의된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2011

In this study, seven Trichoderma species (33 strains) were classified using secondary metabolite profile-based chemotaxonomy. Secondary metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS-MS) and multivariate statistical methods. T. longibrachiatum and T. virens were independently clustered based on both internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence and secondary metabolite analyses. T. harzianum formed three subclusters in the ITS-based phylogenetic tree and two subclusters in the metabolitebased dendrogram. In contrast, T. koningii and T. atroviride strains were mixed in one cluster in the phylogenetic tree, whereas T. koningii was grouped in a different subcluster from T. atroviride and T. hamatum in the chemotaxonomic tree. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied to determine which metabolites were responsible for the clustering patterns observed for the different Trichoderma strains. The metabolites were hetelidic acid, sorbicillinol, trichodermanone C, giocladic acid, bisorbicillinol, and three unidentified compounds in the comparison of T. virens and T. longibrachiatum; harzianic acid, demethylharzianic acid, homoharzianic acid, and three unidentified compounds in T. harzianum I and II; and koninginin B, E, and D, and six unidentified compounds in T. koningii and T. atroviride. The results of this study demonstrate that secondary metabolite profiling-based chemotaxonomy has distinct advantages relative to ITS-based classification, since it identified new Trichoderma clusters that were not found using the latter approach.

• Mycobiology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.310-315
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• 2010

Agrocybe aegerita is an important mushroom cultivated in Korea, with good feel and a peculiar fragrance. A. aegerita can be cultivated throughout the year using culture bottles but is more susceptible to contamination than other mushrooms. Twenty-two pathogens were isolated from the fruiting bodies and compost of A. aegerita, and seven isolates were isolated from Pleurotus ostreatus to compare with the A. aegerita isolates, collected from Gimje, Iksan, Gunsan of Chonbuk, and Chilgok of Gyeongbuk Province in 2009. These isolates were identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Of the 29 isolates, 26 were identified as Trichoderma spp. and the remaining three were Aspergillus spp., Mucor spp., and Penicillium spp. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 26 isolates of Trichoderma were divided into four taxa, namely T. harzianum, T. pleuroticola, T. longibrachiatum, and T. atroviride. Among the Trichoderma spp., 16 isolates (55.2%) were identified as T. harzianum, six as T. pleuroticola (20.7%), two as T. longibrachiatum, and the remaining two were T. atroviride.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.132-137
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• 2014

균상느타리버섯에서 발생하는 곰팡이 병해 중에서 가장 많은 문제를 발생하는 것은 Trichoderma disease 또는 green mould 등으로 불리우는 푸른곰팡이병이다. 이 병은 Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus 등의 속(genus)에 포함되는 종들에 의해 발병되는 병을 총칭하는 것으로 발생빈도와 피해가 가장 큰 것은 Trichoderma 속의 병원균에 의해 발생하였다. 느타리버섯 균상에 분리된 병원균은 T. longibrachiatum, T. koningii, Trichoderma virens, T atroviride, T. hazianum, T. pseudokoningii 6종이었으며, 발생빈도가 높은 것은 T. virens, T. hazianum, T. longibrachiatum 3종이었고, 각각의 균은 배양적 특성 및 병원성도 각기 다른 특성을 보이고 있었다. T. longibrachiatum 균사생장이 매우 빠르고, 포자형성이 빠르며, 특히 후막포자형성이 잘되는 특성을 있으며, 후기에는 진한 녹색으로 변색된다. Trichoderma koningii는 균사생장은 빠르고, 공중균사가 많은 편이며, 포자는 공중균사에 밀집되어 형성된다. 특히 Trichoderma virens 같은 경우에는 포자형성에 의한 색깔변화가 느리며, 감염후기에 발견되어 그 피해가 심한 편이었다. Trichoderma atroviride. 균사생장은 보통이며, 포자형성은 공중균사에 드물게 형성되며, 후기에는 진녹색을 띤다. 이균의 특징은 coconut 냄새와 유사한 향기가 나는 것이다. T. hazianum은 초기에는 균사가 백색으로 매우 빠르고, 공중균사에 포자가 형성하며, 후기에는 진한 녹색으로 변색된다. 공중 균사에 형성된 포자는 육안적으로 pustules or tufts의 형태를 나타내었다. Trichoderma pseudokoningii 균사생장은 빠르며, 포자형성은 접종부위를 중심으로 형성되며, 후기에는 환무니를 형성하며, 특히 배지 색이 변색되고 후막포자 잘 형성되는 특징이 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.384-387
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• 2005

Four new antibiotic peptaibols, named neoatroviridins A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4), have been isolated from the culture broth of Trichoderma atroviride. Their amino acid sequences were determined mainly by mass spectrometry in combination with NMR studies. The absolute stereochemistry of neoatroviridins was established as L by GC analysis of their acid hydrolysates with derivatization, except for isovaline which was in D. Neoatroviridins, composed of 18 amino acid residues, showed significant membrane-perturbing activity responsible for their antibiotic action, which was comparable to that of alamethicin, a well-known 20-residue peptaibol.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2005

A total of 179 isolates of Trichoderma spp. were collected from oyster mushroom substrates in Korea. On the basis of morphological and cultural characteristics, Trichoderma isolates were divided into seven groups, namely T. atroviride, T. citrinoviride, T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, T. virens, and two unidentified species, referred to as Trichoderma sp. 1 and 2. The predominant species was Trichoderma sp. 2 (n=86) followed by Trichoderma sp. 1 (n=52). Trichoderma sp. 1 and 2 were morphologically distinct not only from the other species of Trichoderma reported but also from each other in the characteristics such as mycelial growth rate, colony appearance, shape of conidia and conidiophores and branching pattern of phialides, although branching pattern of phialides of Trichoderma sp. 1 was similar to that of T. harzianum. In virulence test, the degree for compost colonization of Trichoderma sp. 2 was significantly greater than that of the other Trichoderma species. Trichoderma sp. 2 was found to be the main cause of green mold disease in oyster mushroom production. More work including molecular characterization is needed to confirm the species of Trichoderma sp. 1 and 2.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.67-67
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• 2018

Trichoderma species are a rich source of metabolites, but less known for biomedical potential. This work deals with antibacterial and antioxidant potentials of intracellular non-cytotoxic metabolites, extracted from Trichoderma atroviride (KNUP001). A total of 53 fractions was collected by column chromatography and tested for cytotoxicity by MTT assay. Only one fraction (F41) was found to be non-toxic to Vero cells with $95.4{\pm}0.61%$ of survival. The F41 was then subjected to chemical analysis, antibacterial and antioxidant assays. The F41 at $500{\mu}g.ml^{-1}$ showed the total antioxidant of $48.70{\pm}2.90%$, DPPH radical scavenging activity of $37.25{\pm}2.25$, nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity of $54.55{\pm}1.95$ and $H_2O_2$ radical scavenging activity of $43.75{\pm}3.21$. The F41 at $25{\mu}g.ml^{-1}$ displayed antibacterial activity against E. coli ($14.25{\pm}0.2mm$), P. mirabilis ($10.4{\pm}0.6mm$), S. dysenteriae ($18.6{\pm}03mm$), S. paratyphi A ($14.1{\pm}1.1mm$), E. aerogenes ($5.6{\pm}0.4mm$) and S. marcescens ($14.25{\pm}0.2mm$). GC-MS analysis revealed the dominant presence of oleic acid C 18.1 (63.18%), n-hexadecanoic acid (6.17%), and ethyl oleate (4.93%) and potent molecules such as 8-[(2E)-2-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl]-1,3,7-trimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione, 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl (1Z)-N-hydroxy-2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethanimidothioate, Fluorene in the F41, and virtual study revealed that these molecules are likely responsible for the antibacterial activities of F41. Hence, further investigation deserves on purification and characterization of the active metabolites from T. atroviride strain KNUP001 towards developing molecular leads to effective antibacterial drugs, and non-toxic to host cells.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.909-917
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• 2016

The shiitake mushroom industry has suffered from Camptomyia (gall midges) pest, which feeds on the mycelium of shiitake mushroom during its cultivation. It has been postulated that fungal damage of shiitake bed-logs is associated with infestation by the insect pest, but this is not well understood. To understand the fungal damage associated with Camptomyia pest, various Trichoderma species were isolated, identified, and characterized. In addition to two previously known Trichoderma species, T. citrinoviride and T. deliquescens, two other Trichoderma species, T. harzianum and T. atroviride, were newly identified from the pestinfested bed-log samples obtained at three mushroom farms in Cheonan, Korea. Among these four species, T. harzianum was the most evident. The results of a chromogenic media-based assay for extracellular enzymes showed that these four species have the ability to produce amylase, carboxyl-methyl cellulase, avicelase, pectinase, and ß-glucosidase, thus indicating that they can degrade wood components. A dual culture assay on PDA indicated that T. harzianum, T. atroviride, and T. citrinoviride were antagonistic against the mycelial growth of a shiitake strain (Lentinula edodes). Inoculation tests on shiitake bed-logs revealed that all four species were able to damage the wood of bed-logs. Our results provide evidence that the four green mold species are the causal agents involved in fungal damage of shiitake bed-logs infested by Camptomyia pest.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2022

Trichoderma is known as pathogen caused serious green mold disease on commercial production. T. pleuroti and T. pleuroticola were common species in various mushroom media. Many strains of T. pleuroti, known as aggressive species causing major economic losses in Korea, showed benomyl resistance. Accurate identification and detection of Trichoderma species associated with oyster mushrooms is very important for disease control. We developed species-specific primers for T. pleuroticola, T. pleuroti, T. harzianum, and T. atroviride based on species-specific fragments isolated from amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. PCR products corresponding to the predicted fragment of 500bp, 230bp, 180bp, and 410bp were amplified from T. pleuroticola, T. pleuroti, T. harzianum, and T. atroviride, respectively. Multiplex PCR assay using species-specific primers quickly and accurately identified and detected T. pleuroti from mushroom media in which various species co-exist. Our results can be useful for the effective control of mushroom disease.