• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.294-301
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of beta-tricalciumphosphate (${\beta}$-TCP) as a bone graft material on new bone formation and regeneration of mandible bone defect around dental implants. Methods: Both mandibular sites of ten rabbits were exposed. The experimental subjects were divided into two groups. Rabbits in the control group (right site of the mandible) had dental implants around cortical bone defects, without treatment, while, in the experimental group (left site of the mandible), ${\beta}$-TCP was grafted into the bone defect around the implant. Rabbits were sacrificed after one, two, three, four, and eight weeks, and histomorphometric evaluation and analysis of the bone implant contact rate were performed using an optical microscope. Results: Bone formation rates in the experimental group were greater than those in the control group from one to eight weeks, and percentages of implant surface contacted to bone were greater in the experimental group than in the control group from three weeks after implantation. Conclusion: These results suggest that the bone formation activity around dental implants was increased by osteoconduction activity of ${\beta}$-TCP.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2011

Purpose: Addition of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) to grafting material has become widely accepted additively for bone regeneration because it can raise high expectations on it's clinical potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of PRP and PRF on early bone regeneration of rabbits when used in combination with beta tricalcium phosphate. Methods: In eight rabbits, the calvarium was exposed and the two marrows were penetrated. After then these artificial bone defects were augmented with ${\beta}$-TCP or ${\beta}$-TCP with PRP or ${\beta}$-TCP with PRF and covered. The animals were sacrificed after four and eight weeks. Histologic findings were observed under the light-microscope and histomorphometric analysis was performed by measuring calcified area of new bone formation within the CSD. Results: They demonstrated that new bone formation tended to be produced along the outline of graft materials. More amounts of newly bone was regenerated in ${\beta}$-TCP only and in combination of${\beta}$-TCP with PRF and it was statistically significant. In contrast, there was no significant difference between nothing apply and ${\beta}$-TCP with PRP groups in the relative amounts of newly mineralized bone. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, it can be concluded that PRF in combination with ${\beta}$-TCP showed a positive effect on bone regeneration and statistically it was significant.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine whether certain biomaterials have the potential to support cell attachment. After seeding bone marrow stromal cells onto the biomaterials, we investigated their responses to each material in vitro. Methods: Rat bone marrow derived stromal cells were used. The biomaterials were deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM), DBBM coated with fibronectin (FN), synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA), HA coated with FN, HA coated with $\beta$-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and pure $\beta$-TCP. With confocal laser scanning microscopy, actin filaments and vinculin were observed after 6, 12, and 24 hours of cell seeding. The morphological features of cells on each biomaterial were observed using scanning electron microscopy at day 1 and 7. Results: The cells on HA/FN and HA spread widely and showed better defined actin cytoskeletons than those on the other biomaterials. At the initial phase, FN seemed to have a favorable effect on cell adhesion. In DBBM, very few cells adhered to the surface. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, we can conclude that in contrast with DBBM not supporting cell attachment, HA provided a more favorable environment with respect to cell attachment.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.318-322
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• 2007

Porous ${\beta}-tricalcium$ phosphate $({\beta}-TCP)$ bioceramic was fabricated by pressureless sintering using commercial HAp and different volume percentages of PMMA powders (30-60 vol.%). The range of spherical pore size was about $200-250\;{\mu}m$ in diameter. By increasing the PMMA content, the number of pores and their morphology were dramatically changed as well as decreased the material properties. In case of using 60 vol.% PMMA content, network-type pores were found, due to the necking of the PMMA powders. The values of relative density, elastic modulus, bending strength and hardness of the 60 vol.% PMMA content sample, sintered at $1500^{\circ}C$, were about 46%, 22.2 GPa, 5MPa and 182 Hv respectively. Human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells and osteoclast-like Raw 264.7 cells were well grown and fully covered all of the porous ${\beta}-TCP$ bodies sintered at $1500^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.282-291
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• 2004

Pure-phase beta-tricalcium phosphate(${\beta}$-TCP) proved to be a bone regeneration material, providing the patient with vital bone at the defect site in a reasonable time, making a second surgical procedure for bone harvesting unnecessary. This study compares bone healing and BMP 2/4 expression in cranial defects in rabbits grafted with autogenous bone and ${\beta}$-TCP. Thirty New Zealand White rabbits was divided into 3 group of 10 animals each. Bilateral calvarial defects were made in the parietal bones of each animal. ${\beta}$-TCP placed in one defect and the other defects was filled with autogenous bone. The animal were sacrificed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to investigate the expression of BMP 2/4. 1. The new bone formation around autogenous bone from 4 weeks and ${\beta}$-TCP from 8 weeks. 2. In autogenous bone graft, BMP 2/4 expression was decreased from 4 to 12 weeks. 3. In ${\beta}$-TCP graft, BMP 4 expression was increased from 8 to 12 weeks. But, BMP 2 was observed from 12 weeks. This study showed that bone healing, regeneration and, BMP 2/4 expression are delayed in grafted ${\beta}$-TCP than autogenous bone.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제45권10호
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• pp.579-583
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• 2008

A porous $Al_2O_3$, scaffold coated with tricalcium phosphate(TCP) was fabricated by replica method using polyurethane(PU) foam as a fugitive material. Successive coatings of $Al_2O_3$ and hydroxyapatite(HAp) were applied via dip coating onto polyurethane foam, which has a slender and well interconnected network. A porous structure was obtained after sequentially burning out the foam and then sintering at $1500^{\circ}C$. The HAp phase was changed to TCP phase at high temperature. The scaffold showed excellent interconnected porosity with pore sizes ranging from $300{\sim}700{\mu}m$ in diameter. The inherent well interconnected structural feature of PU foam remained intact in the fabricated porous scaffold, where the PU foam material was entirely replaced by $Al_2O_3$ and TCP through a consecutive layering process. Thickness of the $Al_2O_3$ base and the TCP coating was about $7{\sim}10{\mu}m$ each. The TCP coating was homogeneously dispersed on the surface of the $Al_2O_3$ scaffold.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.146-154
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• 2009

In recent tissue engineering field, it is being reported that the fabrication of 3D scaffolds having high porous and controlled internal/external architectures can give potential contributions in cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. To fabricate these scaffolds, various solid free-form fabrication technologies are being applied. The solid free-form fabrication technology has made it possible to fabricate solid free-form 3D microstructures in layer-by-layer manner. In this research, we developed a multi-head deposition system (MHDS) and used design of experiment (DOE) to fabricate 3D scaffold having an optimized internal/external shape, Through the organization of experimental approach using DOE, the fabrication process of scaffold, which is composed of blended poly-caprolactone (PCL), poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), is established to get uniform line width, line height and porosity efficiently Moreover, the feasibility of application to the tissue engineering of MHDS is demonstrated by human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) proliferation test.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.243-254
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• 2000

The effect of supplemental microbial phytase and non - phytate phosphorus(NPP) levels on layer productivity and nutrient digestibility were conducted in 640 21 weeks - old HyLine brown layer for 12 weeks. Supplemented phytase levels were 0, 300, 500 and 1,000 DPU/kg diet. NPP levels were adjusted with tricalcium phosphate(TCP), which were 0(0.11% NPP), 0.5(0.20), 1.0(0.29) and 1.5%(0.38). ME, CP and Ca levels were maintained at 2,800㎉/kg diet, 16% and 3.5%, respectively. Egg production was increased with phytase compared to without phytase(P〈0.05). Increasement of egg production was higher latter of experimental period. Egg production was not different to phytase levels. Egg production in TCP levels were increased in above 0.5% compared to 0% TCP. Difference of egg production by TCP was higher after 6 week. Especially, egg production to supplemental phytase was higher in 0% TCP. Egg weight was not different to phytase and TCP levels. Egg mass was increased with phytase compared to without phytase, but not difference significantly. There was similar to phytase levels. Egg mass in TCP group was increased in TCP supplementation(P〈0.05). Feed intake was not different in phytase levels, and greater with increasing TCP levels(P〈0.05). Feed conversion was improved with phytase(P〈0.05), and not difference in TCP levels. All of nutrients digestibility tended to improve with phytase, P(P〈0.05), especially. There were not different among phytase levels. The effect of adding phytase was higher in low phosphorus diets compared normal levels. Eggshell breaking strength and eggshell thickness also improved in added phytase(P〈0.05). Tibial ash and P content were slightly increased with phytase, and Ca content also was higher(P〈0.05) compared without phytase. We concluded that supplemental phytase in low phosphorus diet was showed to increase laying performance, feed efficiency, nutrients digestibility, egg quality, and bone development. Phytase supplementation was able to compensate for low NPP diet. We also thought optimum phytase level is 300 DPU, and can decrease NPP supplementation adding phytase in later diet.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.202-209
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• 2004

침전법 및 솔젤법에 의하여 10- l5 nm 및 500 nm 크기의 구형 TiO$_2$ 분말을 제조하고 수열합성법으로 50-70 nm 및 120-250 nm 크기의 침상 hydroxyapatite(이하 HA라 표기) 입자를 각각 제조한 다음, 두 분말의 조성비를 달리한 세 종류(HA/TiO$_2$비; 75/25, 50/50, 25/75wt%)의 HA/TiO$_2$ 복합분말을 planetary 볼밀로 혼합하여 각각 제조하였다. 복합분말을 탄소몰드에 넣고 hot-press를 사용하여 가압소결로 치밀체를 제조하였는데, 가압도중 대부분의 HA가 tricalcium phosphate(이하 TCP라 표기)로 분해되면서 $\beta$-TCP/TiO$_2$ 복합체가 제조되었다. 제조된 복합체의 미세구조와 소결밀도는 복합분말의 형태와 조성에 따라 변화하였는데, 입자가 균질하게 분산되어 있는 미세구조를 갖는 복합분말을 소결한 경우, 치밀한 소결체를 얻을 수 있었으며, 소결온도가 증가할수록 균질한 미세구조를 나타내었다. 또한 복합분말 내 HA 함량이 증가하면서 소결체의 입자크기가 증가한 반면, 소결밀도가 감소하고, 미세구조는 불균질하였다. 반대로 HA분말에 비하여 TiO$_2$분말의 함량이 큰 시편은 전체적으로 작은 입자크기와 균질한 미세구조를 나타냈으며, 소결밀도 또한 증가하였다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to report on five cases treated with bone graft using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on jaw defects after cyst enucleation. We performed bone graft with BMP (rhBMP-2+${\beta}$-tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite) wrapped with a collagen sponge on jaw defects after cyst enucleation. Postoperative panoramic radiographs were taken periodically. After 1 to 12 months, bone remodeling was observed in the jaw defect area. In our cases, there were few signs or symptoms of recurrence of the cyst during the follow-up period.