• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2014

Seed oils (triacylglycerols) of plants are used as a source of essential fatty acids and nutrition for human. In addition, triacylglycerols have been used as industrial raw materials and biofuels. Triacylglycerols are mainly accumulated in seeds by complicated biochemical pathways. Fatty acids are synthesized in the plastids and transported into the endoplasmic reticulum for synthesizing triacylglycerols. It is known for a long time that biosynthesis of triacylglycerols is performed by a de novo synthesis, the Kennedy pathway. However recent studies have revealed that phosphatidylcholine, a major component of cell membrane, plays a central role for triacylglycerols biosynthesis. Phosphatidylcholine is a key regulator determining the relative proportions of unsaturated fatty acids in seeds. It may be a major carrier for the fluxes of fatty acids from the plastid to the endoplasmic reticulum. This finding further suggests that studies of the functions of enzymes involved in the fluxes of fatty acids from phosphatidylcholine to triacylglycerols elucidate the specialized subdomains in the endoplasmic reticulum for triacylglycerols biosynthesis.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.119-124
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• 1995

Conventional alkaline catalytic procedure, including sodium methoxide-methanol N, N, N', N'-tetramethyl guanidine-methanol, and acid-catalytic methods of $BF_{3}-methanol$ and HCI-methanol, have been applied for preparing methyl esters from the triacylglycerols of Trichosanthes kirilowiil seeds containing conjugated trienoic acids. The alkaline catalytic methods produce the methyl esters quantitatively without isomerization of the conjugated trienoic acids, but the acid-catalytic ones destroy almost the molecules of conjugated trienoic acids during transesterification of the triacylglycerols although the molar ratios of monoenoic and dienoic acids (non-conjugated) to saturated acids are in good agreement with those obtained from the alkaline methods.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.107-115
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• 2014

Vegetable oils (triacylglycerols) produced mainly in seeds of plants are used for valuable foods that supply essential fatty acids for humans as well as industrial raw materials and biofuel production. As the demanding for vegetable oils has increased, plant metabolic engineering to produce triacylglycerols in biomass such as leaves has been considered and explored for alternative source of vegetable oils. Leaves are genetically programmed to supply the fixed carbon by photosynthesis to other organs for plant development and growth. Therefore, in order to produce and accumulate triacylglycerols in leaves, one should take account of multiple metabolic pathways such as carbon flux, competition of carbohydrate and fatty acid biosynthesis, and triacylglycerols turnover in leaves. The recent metabolic engineering strategy has showed potential in which the co-expression of three genes WRINKLED1, DGAT1, and OLEOSIN involved in the critical step for increasing the fatty acid synthesis, accumulating triacylglycerols, and protecting triacylglycerols, respectively produced higher amount of vegetable oils in leaves. Developing of genetically engineered plants producing vegetable oil in biomass at non-agricultural lands will be promising to the future success of the field.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 1987

No difference was observed on autoxidative stability of triacylglycerols before and after randomyl interesterification. It indicate that randomization of the glyceride composition has no significant effect on the autoxidative stability. On the other hand, the autoxidation of randomyl interesterified vegetable oil was accelerated, caused mainly by decrease of tocopherols during the series of interesterification procedures.

• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.499-505
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• 2000

The level of long-chain n-3 fatty acids in chicken and pork can be increased by changing the diet of the animals. Increased levels of these essential fatty acids improve cardiovascular health in humans. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of the consumption of pork and chicken enriched in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on plasma lipids. The consumption of these products decreased the levels of two cardiovascular risk factors, LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerols, in the plasma of female college students. The effect on LDL-cholesterol differed from that of fish oil, which does not affect the level of LDL-cholesterol. The proportions of DHA in the triacylglycerols and the glycerophospholipids were increased markedly. The greatest changes in the glycerophospholipids were in the ether types of the ethanolamine glycerophospholipids. Dietary DHA appears to be incorporated preferentially into the plasma ethanolamine plasmalogens, which can act as antioxidants. This agrees with our hypothesis that DHA stimulated the transcription of the genes for peroxisomal enzymes that are required for plasmalogen synthesis.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.29-32
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• 2000

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.171-186
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• 1992

Lipolytic characteristics of candia cylindracea lipase was studied by various triacylglycerols with different fatty acyl chains as substrate. The substrate was emulsified with gum arabic and the rate of hydrolysis was determined by pH stat method. The effects of gum concentration, pH, temperature, and $Ca^{2+}$ ion on the enzyme activities were examined. The results show that the effect of these factors are markedly depending on the structurla nature of substrates. The triolein was the best substrate among tested. Present study demonstrates that for characterization of lipolytic enzymes, it is critically important to select proper substrate and activator.r.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1993

The possibilities for HPLC analysis of lipids have been revolutionised by the availability of evaporative light-scattering detectors, with which the response is independent of the nature of the mobile phase and does not depend On the presence of specific chromophores in the lipids. It was thus possible to develop an HPLC procedure, involving ternary gradient elution, for separating all the lipid classes in animal tissues in a single step. Although reversed-phase HPLC has been widely used for the analysis of molecular species of lipids, sliver ion chromatography can be a valuable alternative. For example, a stable silver ion column for HPLC was developed which permitted resolution of molecular species of triacylglycerols, even from such complex samples as fish oils, again With light-scattering detection and gradient elution. The capacity for HPLC resolution of diastereomeric diacyl-sn-glycerol derivatives, prepared from triacylglycerols. has lead to a new simple method for stereospecific analysis of the latter.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 2015

The focus of this study was to observe the growth of Chlorella vulgaris and Botryococcus braunii under mixotrophic conditions (i.e., added acorn) with the aim of increasing biomass and triacylglycerols (TAGs) content. The result of investigation indicated that the acorn contains a lot of carbonate (87.29%) and glucose (97.99 mg%). A significant growth of biomass was obtained when grown in acorn rich environment comparing to autotrophic conditions. 3 g/L acorn yielded the highest biomass concentration for these strains. Thus, the biomass productivity with 3 g/L acorn was obtained 2.31 times and 2.10 times higher than that of authotrophic conditions for Chlorella vulgaris and Botryococcus braunii, respectively. The maximum amount of TAGs was reached 14.35% and 18.41% for Chlorella vulgaris and Botryococcus braunii, respectively, in the growth medium with 5 g/L acorn. The effect of acorn could enhance the investigated microalgae growth, biomass productivity and TAGs content. This provides a feasible way to reduce the cost of bioenergy production from microalgae.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.527-530
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• 2003