Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5010/JPB.2014.41.1.10

Current research on seed oil biosynthesis  

Kim, Hyun Uk (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
Lee, Kyeong-Ryeol (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
Kim, Eun Ha (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
Jung, Su-Jin (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
Roh, Kyung Hee (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
Kang, Han Chul (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
Kim, Jong-Bum (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
Publication Information
Journal of Plant Biotechnology / v.41, no.1, 2014 , pp. 10-18 More about this Journal
Abstract
Seed oils (triacylglycerols) of plants are used as a source of essential fatty acids and nutrition for human. In addition, triacylglycerols have been used as industrial raw materials and biofuels. Triacylglycerols are mainly accumulated in seeds by complicated biochemical pathways. Fatty acids are synthesized in the plastids and transported into the endoplasmic reticulum for synthesizing triacylglycerols. It is known for a long time that biosynthesis of triacylglycerols is performed by a de novo synthesis, the Kennedy pathway. However recent studies have revealed that phosphatidylcholine, a major component of cell membrane, plays a central role for triacylglycerols biosynthesis. Phosphatidylcholine is a key regulator determining the relative proportions of unsaturated fatty acids in seeds. It may be a major carrier for the fluxes of fatty acids from the plastid to the endoplasmic reticulum. This finding further suggests that studies of the functions of enzymes involved in the fluxes of fatty acids from phosphatidylcholine to triacylglycerols elucidate the specialized subdomains in the endoplasmic reticulum for triacylglycerols biosynthesis.
Keywords
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Bourrellier ABF, Valot B, Guillot A, Ambard-Bretteville F, Vidal J, Hodges M (2010) Chloroplast acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity is 2-oxoglutarate-regulated by interaction of PII with the biotin carboxyl carrier subunit. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:502-507   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Burgal J, Shockey J, Lu CF, Dyer J, Larson T, Graham I, Browse J (2008) Metabolic engineering of hydroxy fatty acid production in plants: RcDGAT2 drives dramatic increases in ricinoleate levels in seed oil. Plant Biotechnol J 6:819-831   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Cahoon EB, Ohlrogge JB (1994) Apparent role of phosphatidylcholine in the metabolism of petroselinic acid in developing umbelliferae endosperm. Plant Physiol 104:845-855   DOI
4 Cernac A, Benning C (2004) WRINKLED1 encodes an AP2/EREB domain protein involved in the control of storage compound biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Plant J 40:575-585   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Chapman KD, Dyer JM, Mullen RT (2012) Biogenesis and functions of lipid droplets in plants: thematic review series: lipid droplet synthesis and metabolism: from yeast to man. J Lipid Res 53:215-226   DOI
6 Andersson MX, Goksor M, Sandelius AS (2007) Optical manipulation reveals strong attracting forces at membrane contact sites between endoplasmic reticulum and chloroplasts. J Biol Chem 282:1170-1174   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Andre C, Haslam RP, Shanklin J (2012) Feedback regulation of plastidic acetyl-CoA carboxylase by 18:1-acyl carrier protein in Brassica napus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109:10107-10112   DOI
8 Banas W, Garcia AS, Banas A, Stymne S (2013) Activities of acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) andphospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT) in microsomal preparations of developing sunflower and safflower seeds. Planta 237:1627-1636   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Barron EJ, Stumpf PK (1962) Fat metabolism in higher plants, XIX. The biosynthesis of triglycerides by avocado-mesocarp enzymes. Biochim Biophys Acta 60:329-337   DOI
10 Bates PD, Browse J (2011) The pathway of triacylglycerol synthesis through phosphatidylcholine in Arabidopsis produces a bottleneck for the accumulation of unusual fatty acids in transgenic seeds. Plant J 68:387-399   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Yang W, Simpson JP, Li-Beisson Y, Beisson F, Pollard M, Ohlrogge JB (2012) A land-plant-specific glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family in Arabidopsis: substrate specificity, sn-2 preference, and evolution. Plant Physiol 160:638-652   DOI
12 Wendel AA, Lewin TM, Coleman RA (2009) Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases: rate limiting enzymes of triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta: Mol Cell Biol Lipids 1791:501-506   DOI
13 Weselake RJ, Taylor DC, Rahman MH, Shah S, Laroche A, McVetty PBE, Harwood JL (2009) Increasing the flow of carbon into seed oil. Biotechnol Adv 27:866-878   DOI
14 Xu J, Carlsson A, Francis T, Zhang M, Hoffmann T, Giblin M, Taylor D (2012) Triacylglycerol synthesis by PDAT1 in the absence of DGAT1 activity is dependent on re-acylation of LPC by LPCAT2. BMC Plant Biol, 12:4   DOI
15 Zhang M, Fan J, Taylor DC, Ohlrogge JB (2009) DGAT1 and PDAT1 Acyltransferases have overlapping functions in Arabidopsis triacylglycerol biosynthesis and are essential for normal pollen and seed development. Plant Cell 21:3885-3901   DOI
16 Zhao L, Katavic V, Li F, Haughn GW, Kunst L (2010) Insertional mutant analysis reveals that long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (LACS1), but not LACS8, functionally overlaps with LACS9 in Arabidopsis seed oil biosynthesis. Plant J, 64:1048-1058   DOI
17 Zou JT, Wei YD, Jako C, Kumar A, Selvaraj G, Taylor DC (1999) The Arabidopsis thaliana TAG1 mutant has a mutation in a diacylglycerol acyltransferase gene. Plant J 19:645-653   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Tjellstrom H, Yang Z, Allen DK, Ohlrogge JB (2012) Rapid kinetic labeling of Arabidopsis cell suspension cultures: implications for models of lipid export from plastids. Plant Physiol 158:601-611   DOI
19 Turchetto-Zolet A, Maraschin F, de Morais G, Cagliari A, Andrade C, Margis-Pinheiro M, Margis R (2011) Evolutionary view of acyl-CoA diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), a key enzyme in neutral lipid biosynthesis. BMC Evol Biol 11:263   DOI
20 Taylor DC, Zhang Y, Kumar A, Francis T, Giblin EM, Barton DL, Ferrie JR, Laroche A, Shah S, Zhu W et al. (2009) Molecular modification of triacylglycerol accumulation by overexpression of DGAT1 to produce canola with increased seed oil content under field conditions. Botany Botanique 87:533-543   DOI
21 To A, Joube' s J, Barthole G, Le' cureuil A, Scagnelli A, Jasinski S, Lepiniec L, Baud S (2012) WRINKLED transcription factors orchestrate tissue-specific regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 24:5007-5023   DOI
22 van Erp H, Bates PD, Burgal J, Shockey J, Browse J (2011) Castor phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase facilitates efficient metabolism of hydroxy fatty acids in transgenic Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 155:683-693   DOI
23 Wang L, Shen W, Kazachkov M, Chen G, Chen Q, Carlsson AS, Stymne S, Weselake RJ, Zou J (2012) Metabolic interactions between the lands cycle and the Kennedy pathway of glycerolipid synthesis in Arabidopsis developing seeds. Plant Cell 24:4652-5669   DOI
24 Weiss SB, Kennedy EP, Kiyasu JY (1960) Enzymatic synthesis of triglycerides. J Biol Chem 235:40-44
25 Slack CR, Roughan PG, Browse JA, Gardiner SE (1985) Some properties of cholinephosphotransferase from developing safflower cotyledons. Biochim Biophys Acta 833:438-448   DOI
26 Shockey J, Gidda S, Chapital D, Kuan J, Dhanoa P, Bland J, Rothstein S, Mullen R, Dyer J (2006) Tung tree DGAT1 and DGAT2 have nonredundant functions in triacylglycerol biosynthesis and are localized to different subdomains of the endoplasmic reticulum. Plant Cell 18:2294-2313   DOI
27 Shen B, Allen WB, Zheng PZ, Li CJ, Glassman K, Ranch J, Nubel D, Tarczynski MC (2010) Expression of ZmLEC1 and ZmWRI1 increases seed oil production in maize. Plant Physiol 153:980-987   DOI
28 Slack CR, Campbell LC, Browse JA, Roughan PG (1983) Some evidence for the reversibility of the cholinephosphotransferase catalysed reaction in developing linseed cotyledons in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta 754:10-20   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Snyder CL, Yurchenko OP, Siloto RMP, Chen X, Liu Q, Mietkiewska E, Weselake RJ (2009) Acyltransferase action in the modification of seed oil biosynthesis. New Biotechnol 26:11-16   DOI
30 Sperling P, Linscheid M, Stocker S, Muhlbach HP, Heinz E (1993) In vivo desaturation of cis-delta-9-monounsaturated to cis-delta-9, 12-diunsaturated alkenylether glycerolipids. J Biol Chem 268:26935-26940
31 Stalberg K, Stahl U, Stymne S, Ohlrogge J (2009) Characterization of two Arabidopsis thaliana acyltransferases with preference for lysophosphatidylethanolamine. BMC Plant Biol 9:60   DOI
32 Stymne S, Stobart AK (1984) Evidence for the reversibility of the acyl coA-lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase in microsomal preparations from developing safflower (Carthamus-tinctorius L.) cotyledons and rat-liver. Biochem J 223:305-314   DOI
33 Millar AA, Smith MA, Kunst L (2000) All fatty acids are not equal: discrimination in plant membrane lipids. Trends Plant Sci 5:95-101   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Nikolau BJ, Ohlrogge JB, Wurtele ES (2003) Plant biotin-containing carboxylases. Arch Biochem Biophys 414:211-222   DOI
35 Maisonneuve S, Bessoule J-J, Lessire R, Delseny M, Roscoe TJ (2010) Expression of rapeseed microsomal lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase isozymes enhances seed oil content in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 152:670-684   DOI
36 Mhaske V, Beldjilali K, Ohlrogge J, Pollard M (2005) Isolation and characterization of an Arabidopsis thaliana knockout line for phospholipid: diacylglycerol transacylase gene (At5g13640). Plant Physiol Biochem 43:413-417   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Rani SH, Krishna THA, Saha S, Negi AS, Rajasekharan R (2010) Defective in Cuticular Ridges (DCR) of Arabidopsis thaliana, a gene associated with surface cutin formation encodes a soluble diacylglycerol acyltransferase. J Biol Chem 285:38337-3834.   DOI
38 Saha S, Enugutti B, Rajakumari S, Rajasekharan R (2006) Cytosolic triacylglycerol biosynthetic pathway in oilseeds. Molecular cloning and expression of peanut cytosolic diacylglycerol acyltransferase. Plant Physiol 141:1533-1543   DOI   ScienceOn
39 Schnurr JA, Shockey JM, de Boer GJ, Browse JA (2002) Fatty acid export from the chloroplast. Molecular characterization of a major plastidial acyl-coenzyme A synthetase from Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 129:1700-1709   DOI
40 Schultz DJ, Ohlrogge JB (2000) Biosynthesis of triacylglycerol in Thunbergia alata: additional evidence for involvement of phosphatidylcholine in unusual monoenoic oil production. Plant Physiol Biochem 38:169-175   DOI
41 Lippold F, vom Dorp K, Abraham M, Holzl G, Wewer V, Yilmaz JL, Lager I, Montandon C, Besagni C, Kessler F et al. (2012) Fatty acid phytyl ester synthesis in chloroplasts of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 24:2001-2014   DOI
42 Lardizabal K, Effertz R, Levering C, Mai J, Pedroso MC, Jury T, Aasen E, Gruys K, Bennett K (2008) Expression of Umbelopsis ramanniana DGAT2A in seed increases oil in soybean. Plant Physiol 148:89-96   DOI
43 Li-Beisson Y, Shorrosh B, Beisson F, Andersson M, Arondel V, Bates P, Baud S, Bird D, DeBono A, Durrett T et al. (2013) Acyl lipid metabolism. The Arabidopsis Book. e0161
44 Kroon JTM, Wei W, Simon WJ, Slabas AR (2006) Identification and functional expression of a type 2 acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT2) in developing castor bean seeds which has high homology to the major triglyceride biosynthetic enzyme of fungi and animals. Phytochemistry 67:2541-2549   DOI   ScienceOn
45 Liu Q, Siloto RMP, Lehner R, Stone SJ, Weselake RJ (2012) Acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase: molecular biology, biochemistry and biotechnology. Prog Lipid Res 51:350-377   DOI
46 Lu C, Xin Z, Ren Z, Miquel M, Browse J (2009) An enzyme regulating triacylglycerol composition is encoded by the ROD1 gene of Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:18837-18842   DOI
47 Lung SC, Weselake RJ (2006) Diacylglycerol acyltransferase: a key mediator of plant triacylglycerol synthesis. Lipids 41:1073-1088   DOI
48 Hu Z, Ren Z, Lu C (2012) The phosphatidylcholine diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase is required for efficient hydroxyl fatty acid accumulation in transgenic Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 158:1944-1954   DOI
49 Herna'ndez ML, Whitehead L, He Z, Gazda V, Gilday A, Kozhevnikova E, Vaistij FE, Larson TR, Graham IA (2012) A cytosolic acyltransferase contributes to triacylglycerol synthesis in sucrose-rescued Arabidopsis seed oil catabolism mutants. Plant Physiol 160:215-225   DOI
50 Hay J, Schwender J (2011) Computational analysis of storage synthesis in developing Brassica napus L. (oilseed rape) embryos: flux variability analysis in relation to $^{13}C$ metabolic flux analysis. Plant J 67:513-525   DOI   ScienceOn
51 Kennedy EP (1961) Biosynthesis of complex lipids. Fed Proc 20:934-940
52 Kim HU, Lee K-R, Go YS, Jung JH, Suh M-C, Kim JB (2011) Endoplasmic reticulum-located PDAT1-2 from castor bean enhances hydroxy fatty acid accumulation in transgenic plants. Plant Cell Physiol 52:983-993   DOI   ScienceOn
53 Kim S, Yamaoka Y, Ono H, Kim H, Shim D, Maeshima M, Martinoia E, Cahoon EB, Nishida I, Lee Y (2013) AtABCA9 transporter supplies fatty acids for lipid synthesis to the endoplasmic reticulum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110:773-778   DOI
54 Koo AJK, Ohlrogge JB, Pollard M (2004) On the export of fatty acids from the chloroplast. J Biol Chem 279:16101-16110   DOI   ScienceOn
55 Dahlqvist A, Stahl U, Lenman M, Banas A, Lee M, Sandager L, Ronne H, Stymne H (2000) Phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase: An enzyme that catalyzes the acyl-CoA independent formation of triacylglycerol in yeast and plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:6487-6492   DOI   ScienceOn
56 Chapman KD, Ohlrogge JB (2012) Compartmentation of triacylglycerol accumulation in plants. J Biol Chem 287:2288-2294   DOI
57 Gidda SK, Shockey JM, Rothstein SJ, Dyer JM, Mullen RT (2009) Arabidopsis thaliana GPAT8 and GPAT9 are localized to the ER and possess distinct ER retrieval signals: functional divergence of the dilysine ER retrieval motif in plant cells. Plant Physiol Biochem 47:867-879   DOI   ScienceOn
58 Chen G, Snyder CL, Greer MS, Weselake RJ (2011) Biology and biochemistry of plant phospholipases. Crit Rev Plant Sci 30:239-258   DOI   ScienceOn
59 Durrett T, McClosky D, Tumaney A, Elzinga D, Ohlrogge J, Pollard M (2010) A distinct DGAT with sn-3 acetyltransferase activity that synthesizes unusual, reduced-viscosity oils in Euonymus and transgenic seeds. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:9464-9469   DOI   ScienceOn
60 Eastmond PJ, Quettier A-L, Kroon JTM, Craddock C, Adams N, Slabas AR (2010) PHOSPHATIDIC ACID PHOSPHOHYDROLASE1 and 2 regulate phospholipid synthesis at the endoplasmic reticulum in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 22:2796-2811   DOI   ScienceOn
61 Bates PD, Ohlrogge JB, Pollard M (2007) Incorporation of newly synthesized fatty acids into cytosolic glycerolipids in pea leaves occurs via acyl editing. J Biol Chem 282:31206-31216   DOI   ScienceOn
62 Bates PD, Browse J (2012) The significance of different diacylgycerol synthesis pathways on plant oil composition and bioengineering. Front Plant Sci 3:147
63 Bates PD, Durrett TP, Ohlrogge JB, Pollard M (2009) Analysis of Acyl fluxes through multiple pathways of triacylglycerol synthesis in developing soybean embryos. Plant Physiol 150:55-72   DOI   ScienceOn
64 Bates PD, Fatihi A, Snapp AR, Carlsson AS, Browse J, Lu C (2012) Acyl editing and headgroup exchange are the major mechanisms that direct polyunsaturated fatty acid flux into triacylglycerols. Plant Physiol 160:1530-1539   DOI
65 Gidda SK, Shockey JM, Falcone M, Kim PK, Rothstein SJ, Andrews DW, Dyer JM, Mullen RT (2011) Hydrophobic-domain-dependent protein-protein interactions mediate the localization of GPAT enzymes to ER subdomains. Traffic 12:452-472   DOI   ScienceOn
66 Mora G, Scharnewski M, Fulda M (2012) Neutral lipid metabolism influences phospholipid synthesis and deacylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLOS One 7:e49269.   DOI
67 Katavic V, Reed DW, Taylor DC, Giblin EM, Barton DL, Zou JT, Mackenzie SL, Covello PS, Kunst L (1995) Alteration of seed fatty-acid composition by an ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutation in Arabidopsis thaliana affecting diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity. Plant Physiol 108:399-409   DOI   ScienceOn
68 Chen X, Snyder CL, Truksa M, Shah S, Weselake RJ (2011) sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases in plants. Plant Signal Behav 6:1695-1699   DOI
69 Vandeloo FJ, Broun P, Turner S, Somerville C (1995) An oleate 12-hydroxylase from Ricinus communis L. is a fatty acyl desaturase homolog. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:6743-6747   DOI   ScienceOn
70 Li R, Yu K, Hatanaka T, Hildebrand DF (2010) Vernonia DGATs increase accumulation of epoxy fatty acids in oil. Plant Biotechnol J 8:184-195   DOI