• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2022

Objectives : In 『Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases』, the volume of preparation dosage measured in Hap was 6.5mL. This study aimed to confirm that a square-inch-spoon, which measures powder preparation dosage, was 1/3 Hap, and that Jeon-bi was 1/8 square-inch-spoon. Based on these values, this study also aimed to adjust the diameter of Firmiana-Seed-sized pill preparation, currently known as 6.5mm, so that one square-inch-spoon of powder preparation creates 16 pills. Methods : Calculated the ratio between the floor areas of square-inch-spoon and Jeon-bi and measured the ratio of volume; assumed that powder preparations were stacked as much as possible in the shape of a square pyramid when scooped comfortably, then calculated the slopes of 1/3 Hap and 1/4 Hap; measured the volumes of powdered Oryeongsan and Lijungwhan in square-inch-spoon and Jeon-bi; created the powders into Firmiana-Seed-sized pill preparation; adjusted the diameter of Firmiana Seed so that 16 pills could be created. Results : Inferring from the floor areas, the volume of square-inch-spoon is 9.2 times that of Jeon-bi; one square-inch-spoon should be 1/3 Hap for the powder to reach its maximum slope of 47° and, according to actual measurement of powder preparations, reach its maximum volume; when created into Firmiana-Seed-sized pill preparations, one square-inch-spoon should be 1/3 Hap so that approximately 16 pills were created. Conclusions : One square-inch-spoon of powder preparation was 1/3 Hap(2.17mL), Jeon-bi was 1/8 square-inch-spoon(0.27mL), and the diameter of Firmiana-Seed-sized pill preparation was 5.5mm.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2023

Objectives : This study aimed to convert into weight the dosages of flower of Daphne canescens and leaf of Phyllostachys nigra var. henonsis, whose daily dosages are likened to an object in 《Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases》. This study also aimed to understand their implications along with the previously studied gypsium and rhubarb. Methods : After reviewing documents, the dosages were converted into weight, confirmed by experiment, and their implications were considered. Results : A chicken-egg-volume of flowers of Daphne canescens is one Ryang(6.5 g) and two handfuls of leaves of Phyllostachys nigra var. henonsis is four Ryang(13 g). Each item was only used once in a decoction. Their dosages were expressed in weight respectively in 《Supplement to the Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold》 and 《Bohenggyuljangbuyongyakbubyo》. Gypsium dosage was expressed in weight except in Daecheongryong-tang as chicken-egg-volume(16 Ryang). To liken a dosage to an object is an exception, as in the three cases above; for precision and convenience it is recommended that dosages be expressed in weight, in which case all three items fell into one of eight categories from one Ryang to 16 Ryang. Rhubarb was measured in weight, but only when using the 12-hour leaching method, four Ryang of rhubarb was cut into of 5-6 wide-go-stone-sized pieces and two Ryang into 5-6 go-stone-sized pieces. Conclusions : To liken a dosage to an object is only an exception and lacks precision and convenience; therefore dosages ended up expressed in weight, count, or volume.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.1-21
• /
• 2021

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between the Cold-damage Six-meridian disease of Qibo (岐伯六經病證) and Sasang Constitutional Symptomatology (四象體質病證), presented in Discourse on the Origin of Eastern Medicine (醫源論) of Longevity and Life Preservation in Eastern Medicine (Donguisusebowon, 東醫壽世保元). Method The process of development from Cold-damage Six-meridian disease of Qibo (岐伯六經病證) to Six Meridians Physical Symptoms and Medicines (六經形證用藥) in the chapter Cold(寒門) of the Treasure Mirror of Eastern Medicine (Donguibogam, 東醫寶鑑) was investigated. And the correlation between Six Meridians Physical Symptoms and Medicines (六經形證用藥) and Sasang Constitutional Symptomatology (四象體質病證) was considered. Results and Conclusions 1. The Cold-damage Six-meridian disease of Qibo (岐伯六經病證) in the chapter Heat Treatise (熱論篇) of Basic Questions (素問) had evolved into Six Meridians Physical Symptoms and Medicines (六經形證用藥) in the chapter Cold(寒門) of the Treasure Mirror of Eastern Medicine (Donguibogam, 東醫寶鑑) through Book for Life Saving (Huorenshu, 活人書), a work of Zhu Gong (朱肱), Six Books on Cold Damage disease (Shanghanliushu, 傷寒六書), a work of Tao Hua (陶華) and Introduction to Medicine (YixueRumen, 醫學入門), a work of Li Chan (李梴). 2. The correlation between the Cold-damage Six-meridian disease of Qibo (岐伯六經病證) and Sasang Constitutional Symptomatology (四象體質病證) can be analyzed and understood through Six Meridians Physical Symptoms and Medicines (六經形證用藥) in the chapter Cold(寒門) of the Treasure Mirror of Eastern Medicine (Donguibogam, 東醫寶鑑). 3. Greater Yang meridian disease of Qibo (岐伯) is related to Soyangin early stage of Lesser-Yang Wind-Injury symptomatology and Soyangin early stage of Chest-Heat symptomatology, Yang Brightness meridian disease and Greater Yin meridian disease to Taeeumin Liver-Heat symptomatology, Lesser Yin meridian disease to Soyangin Chest-Heat symptomatology, Lesser Yang meridian disease to Soyangin early stage of Lesser-Yang Wind-Injury symptomatology and Reverting Yin meridian disease to Soeumin Reverting Yin symptomatology of Greater Yang disease.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2019

Objective : Describe the phenomenon of "clear qi below, turbid qi above" as found in the Somun Eumyangeungsangdaelon (Major Essay on Yinyang Resonances and Appearances 素問 陰陽應象大論) and compare this pattern with water-grain dysentery and flatulence symptom patterns in the Sanghallon (Treatise on Cold Damage). Method : Study the annotation of the Hwangjenaegyeong (Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic 黃帝內經) and compare the results with the Sanghallon's water-grain dysentery and flatulence. Conclusions and Results : The causes of water-grain dysentery and flatulence are associated with the ascending and descending properties of Yin and Yang. Additionally, these symptoms can also be caused by pathogenic heat, turbid pathogenic factors, and interruption of the movement of clear and turbid qi. Aspects of water-grain dysentery resemble several patterns found in the Sanghallon. If caused by a weakness of yang qi, it resembles Sayeoktang (四逆湯) syndrome. Weakness of spleen qi resembles Ijungtang (理中湯) syndrome. Flatulence is similar to fullness in the chest syndrome, which in the Sanghallon is caused by an obstruction of cold qi. If there is excessive cold, water-grain dysentery is similar to the syndrome of Gyeolhyung (結胸). If the qi is not scattered, deficiency syndrome is similar to Gyejigejagyaktang (桂枝去芍藥湯) syndrome and excess syndrome is similar to Mahwangtang (麻黃湯) syndrome. When flatulence is caused by fever in chest, it is similar to Chijasitang (梔子?湯) syndrome. When caused by heat and phlegm build up in chest, it is similar to Sipjotang (十棗湯) syndrome.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2008

Based on the sentence "The number of my family member and relatives reached around 200, but since the first year of Geonan(建安) era, two thirds of them died and seven out of ten died of cold damage in less than ten years" in Sanghanjapbyeongron(Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases), which is allegedly known to be written by Jangnunggyeong(張仲景), we analyzed the sentence by three factors of time, location and people. These factors are used in the investigation of the disease outbreak, and through this analysis, following conclusions were made. 1. Approximate 10 year crude mortality rate since A.D 196(the first yea of Geonan era) in Jangsa(長沙) province was 67 out of 100 in the population. Approximate 10 year disease-specific mortality rate of cold damage since A.D 196(the first yea of Geonan era) in Jangsa(長沙) province was 47 out of 100 in the population. Regardless of age, gender or other demographic variables, approximate 10 year proportionate mortality ratio since A.D 196(the first yea of Geonan era) in Jangsa province was 70.2%, which lead to the assumption that 70% of death is cold-damage related. 2. Increased disease-specific mortality rate by cold damage in Jangsa(長沙) province for about 10 years since A.D 196(the first yea of Geonan era), and followed increased crude mortality rate in the population, threatened the stability of nation or local government. This is due to the repeated war in late Han Dynasty with political chaos and repeated flood caused by geographical disadvantage in Jangsa province.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.792-812
• /
• 2010

In the 18th century, Xu Lingtai (徐靈胎) and Yoshimasu Todo (吉益東洞) were famous doctors advocating ancient medicine, though they lived in different countries, China and Japan. We compared their major books, analyzed their academic thoughts and then took conclusions as below. 1. The first, for instance "Classified Prescriptions of Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases, 傷寒論類方" and "Classified Assemblage of Prescriptions, 類聚方". Based on essential thought that a prescription and a syndrome should correspond, these books arranged and classified the Zhang Zhongjing (張仲景)'s texts."Classified Prescriptions of Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases", based on the thought that principles, methods, formulas and medicinals (理法方藥) were integrated in prescriptions, tried to find out the implicit treatment rules in prescriptions and syndromes through analyzing "Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases, 傷寒論". On the other hand, because Classified Assemblage of Prescriptions focused on the syndromes of ancient prescriptions (古方), it classified and collected the related texts of Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases and "Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber, 금궤요략", and then suggested only simple instructions on how to prescribe medicine. So in this book, the trend of experience was clear. 2. The second, there is "100 Kinds Records from Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica, 神農本草經百種錄" and "Description work of herbal pharmacology comprised of excerpts from Shanhanlun and medical experiences, 藥徵". Though both of these books are professional oriental pharmacology publications that advocate reactionism, there were remarkable differences in writing style between them. "Description work of herbal pharmacology comprised of excerpts from Shanhanlun and medical experiences" was based on "Treat on Cold Damage Diseases" and "Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber", just explained the effects of medications and discussed 'matter of course (所當然)', but not discussed 'the reason why (所以然)'. In explaining style of syndromes, it confirmed through research, and emphasized the inductive method. On the other hand, "100 Kinds Records from Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica based on "Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica, 神農本草經", explained the nature of medications and discussed 'the reason why (所以然)'. In explaining style of syndromes, it annotated and explained, and emphasized the process of reasoning. 3. The third, there is "Discuss the Headwaters of Medicine, 醫學源流論" and Severance of Medical evils, 醫斷". Aiming the then medical theories fallen in confused state, these books brought order out of chaos, clarified the categories of medical research, and emphasized the scientific method that could put theories into practice and verify them. The difference is that "Severance of Medical Evils" researched only macroscopic viewable clinical phenomena, and even denied the existence of names of diseases and etiological causes. Thus, it emphasized the accumulation of experiences, laid emphasis on "watching and realizing (目認)", and "understand and taking in (解悟)". Discuss the Headwaters of Medicine extremely emphasized the research of 'something not occuring (未然)', that is to say, induced notions of a disease from observing clinical phenomena, furthermore based on these, predicted the 'something not occuring (未然)' and emphasized researching 'the reason why (所以然)'. As regards how they deal with the traditional theories and post-Zhang Zhongjing's medicines, "Severance of Medical evils" took completely denying attitudes. In case of "Discuss the Headwaters of Medicine", it could be used reasonably through specific situation and detailed analysis. Collectively speaking, there were some differences between medical theories of Xu Lingtai and Yoshimasu Todo. Actually, these differences were whether he tried to research the essence of disease, whether he tried to consider it rationally, and how he treated various opinions occurring in the theories of traditional medicine and clinical experience.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2019

In order to research the pathological entity of Jueyin disease in ${\ll}Shanghanlun{\gg}$, some sharing concept of three-yin-three-yang used in ${\ll}Neijing{\gg}$ and ${\ll}Shanghanlun{\gg}$ were investigated first, and then the meaning of jueyin and jueyin disease were analyzed. In cold damage disease, time-space factor is important because the pathological change is rapid and the symptoms along path are similar, therefore three-yin-three-yang having complex meaning of time and space can be used as an appropriate pathological concept. So to speak, it is able to be interpreted as various modes like variations of yin-yang, qi-blood, change of pulse condition, theories of opening, closing, pivot or exuberance and debilitation of form and qi manifested in the six districts of the human body following disease process. Jueyin is between front taiyin and rear shaoyin, and it's attribution is inherent in qi stagnation and yin exuberance in relative to the location of flank and liver. Putting together above descriptions, pathological entity of jueyin disease is that the symptoms mingled with cold and stagnant heat competing each other when a subject having qi stagnation in flank with cold in extremities and lower abdomen in particular is seized with cold influenza.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2017

This study utilized Corpus-based Analysis process to compare the Cold Pathogen chapter in the 'English version of "Donguibogam"' to the 'English version of the "Shanghanlun"' translated by 罗希文 (Luo xi wen). Results of the linguistic analysis indicate that TTR, a ratio of number of types to number of tokens in the English version of "Shanghanlun" was 5.92% while TTR in the Cold pathogen chapter of English version of "Donguibogam" was 6.01%. It was also noted that the types of words frequently appearing in the two publications were the scientific name of medicinal herbs; the method of producing the herbal prescription (including terminology representing weights and measures); and Chinese descriptions of concepts considered important in both Korean and Chinese medicinal practices. Finally, it was possible to find points of comparison in naming of symptoms, diagnosis, prescriptions, and respective names of six meridians. Though the language difference is minimal, the vocabulary found in the Cold Pathogen chapter of "Donguibogam" was more diverse than Luo's translation of "Sanghanlun". In general, literal translation in keeping with the sense of original text was better performed in Luo's translation of the "Sanghanlun" whereas the English version of the Cold Pathogen chapter in the "Donguibogam" was more of a "free" translation.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.158-164
• /
• 2013

Objectives : "The purpose of this study is to report the effectiveness of Soshiho-tang(小柴胡湯)" on the patient suffered from nausea, retching, vomiting and postprandial fullness. Methods : We diagnosed the symptoms and the signs of the patient as Soshiho-tang syndrome(小柴胡湯證) according to "Treatise on Cold Damage Disease(傷寒論)". We prescribed Soshiho-tang with acupuncture and moxibustion for about 2 weeks. Results : The subjective assessments of the nausea and postprandial fullness had improved. And the frequencies of the retching and vomiting had decreased. Conclusions : We suggest that Soshiho-tang has effectiveness on nausea, retching, vomiting and postprandial fullness in patient diagnosed as Soshiho-tang symptom.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2019

Jeon Suk-hee worked as permanent licensed Uisaeng (medical cadet) in Dalseong the Japanese occupation. The his newly discovered medical records were analyzed for the actual medical aspects of local Uisaeng. This article examined the medical view and treatment method of Jeon Suk-hee through the analysis of medical records, reveals facts which include : 1) The medical treatment was based on korean medical classification and treatment. This, along with the case of Cheongkang Kim Young-hoon, is an example of the preservation of traditional Korean medicine during the Japanese colonial period. 2) There is little effect of Shanghanlun (Treatise on Cold Damage). One side of Joseon medicine, which had a weak tradition of Shanghan, is revealed. 3) It did not simply follow the existing prescription of korean medicine's book. Examples include use of Cheongsin-san and Jeongjin-tang, which cannot be found in existing prescriptions.