• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.19-28
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• 2022

This paper introduces an automatic steering system for straight traveling capable of being mounted on drivable agricultural machinery which user can handle it such as a tractor, a transplant, etc. The modular automatic steering device proposed in the paper is composed of RTK GNSS, IMU, HMI, hydraulic valve, and wheel sensor. The path generation method of the automatic steering system is obtained from two location information(latitude and longitude on each point) measured by GNSS in advance. From HMI, a straight path(AB line) can be created by connecting latitude and longitude on each point and the device makes the machine able to follow the path. During traveling along the reference path, it acquires the real time position data every sample time(0.1s), compares the reference with them and calculates the lateral deviation. The values of deviation are used to control the steering angle of the machine using hydraulic valve mounted on the axle of front wheel. In this paper, Pure Pursuit algorithm is applied used in autonomous vehicles frequently. For the analysis of traveling characteristics, field tests were executed about these conditions: velocity of 2, 3, 4km/h which is applied to general agricultural work and ground surface of solid(asphalt) and weak condition(soil) such as farmland. In the case of weak ground state, two experiments were executed about no-load(without work) and load(with work such as plowing). The maximum average deviations were presented 2.44cm, 7.32cm, and 11.34cm during traveling on three ground conditions : asphalt, soil without load and with load(plowing).

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.16
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• pp.153-160
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• 1998

The past and present time are consistent thinking process system which composed of single concept not separated concept. It's common concept for interior designer to how to realize the thinking process system in actual present day. So this paper was focused on purpose of establishing for procedural process theory by approaching typological process system in interior design process. Interior design being composed of typological thinking process system has been headed as a critical issue to how to transplant well between the design and typological objects. Also we have to be needed to know for the process of visual expression and verbal ability to be able to extract the designer's elements from it. Through the process of visual expression and verbal ability to be able to extract the designer's elements from it. Through the process of visual transformation and analysis we have to extract concepts with united design objects. From these process it should be followed adequate adjudgment on the extracted fragments' assembly and dissociation methods through physical limitation of elements functionality and feasibility's measurements. Therefore from the morphological designed results reflected to typological concepts finished material detail and texture we should be able to take the integrated thinking process system. Lastly interior designer should be able to check whether it was best choice from the consistent design feedback process to ask whether it contains the conceptual design process and new typological objects without non-conformity between past and present days in interior space. Now we should be asked for development of practical design process to be able to realize above assumptions called "Development and Suceeding of Cultural Value System'. Additionally, we have to continue to develop for our true meaning of interior design process, not repetition of past's imitation.tion.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2016

Sulfasalzine is a widely administered drug against inflammatory-based disorders in human. However several cases of liver injury are associated with its administration. There is no stabilized safe protective agent against sulfasalazine-induced liver injury. Current investigation was designed to evaluate if N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and dithioteritol (DTT) as thiol reducing agents and/or vitamins C and E as antioxidants have any protective effects against sulfasalazine-induced hepatic injury in an ex vivo model of isolated rat liver. Rat liver was canulated and perfused via portal vein in a closed recirculating system. Different concentrations of sulfasalazine and/or thiol reductants and antioxidants were administered and markers of organ injury were monitored at different time intervals. It was found that 5 mM of sulfasalazine caused marked liver injury as judged by rise in liver perfusate level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p < 0.05). A significant amount of lipid peroxidation and hepatic glutathione depletion were detected in drug-treated livers, accompanied with significant histopathological changes of the organ. Administration of NAC ($500{\mu}M$), DTT (${400\mu}M$), Vitamin C ($200{\mu}M$), or vitamin E ($200{\mu}M$) significantly alleviated sulfasalazine-induced hepatic injury in isolated perfused rat liver. The data obtained from current investigation indicate potential therapeutic properties of thiol reductants and antioxidants against sulfasalazine-induced liver injury.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2012

Plant growth-promoting effects of rhizobacterial inoculation obtained in pot experiments cannot always be dependably reproduced in fields. In this study, we investigated the effect of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and Methylobacterium oryzae, which have displayed growth promoting effects in several pot experiments, on growth and fruit yield of red pepper under field condition in a plastic-film house. Four rows spaced 90 cm apart were prepared after application of compost ($10Mg\;ha^{-1}$), and red pepper seedlings (Capsicum annum L., Nocgwang) were transplanted in each row with 40-cm space. Experimental treatments were consisted of A. brasilense CW903 inoculation, M. oryzae CBMB20 inoculation, and uninoculated control. Twelve plots, 10 plants per plot, were allotted to the three treatments with four replicates in a completely randomized design. At the time of transplanting, 50 mL of each inoculum ($1{\times}10^8cells\;mL^{-1}$) was introduced into root zone soil of each plant, and re-inoculated at 7 and 14 days after transplant. Plant growth and fruit yield were measured during the experiment. Both A. brasilense CW903 and M. oryzae CBMB20 could not promote growth of red pepper plants. All growth parameters measured were not significantly different among treatments. There were large variations in fruit yield recorded on plot basis, and no statistically significant differences were found among treatments. The failure to demonstrate the expected plant growth promoting effect of the inoculants is possibly due to various environmental factors, including weather and soil characteristics, reducing the possibility to express the potential of the inoculated bacterial strains.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2011

To consider the iliac fossa as the vascular anastomosis site of kidney transplantation for the short-term study of acute rejection in pigs. Twelve domestic pigs weighing 39~48 kg underwent heterotopic renal allgraft transplantation. The experimental animals were divided into 2 groups in terms of renal vascular anastomosis site; the external iliac artery and vein were used in iliac fossa model (n = 6), the abdominal aorta and the caudal vena cava inferior to the kidney were used in abdominal cavity model (n = 6). Renal function was evaluated by daily measurement of plasma creatinine and BUN concentrations. The experiments' health including postoperative complications was also assessed daily for 8 days after transplantation. After euthanazation gross and histopathologic analysis was performed. All six pigs in iliac fossa model developed neuropraxia and lameness of the ipsilateral pelvic limb. However, no necrosis was observed in any pigs. In the abdominal cavity model, durations of both the surgical operation and the vascular anastomosis were significantly longer than those in the iliac fossa model. Furthermore, ischemia injury of the transplanted kidney was increased in abdominal cavity model, which induced accelerated-acute immune response from day 4 after transplantation. Despite of pelvic limb complication, the iliac fossa model showed more advantages including not only less ischemia time related to easy vascular anastomosis, but also less immune response during the acute rejection period. The results indicate that the iliac fossa model may be appropriate to the study of acute rejection in porcine kidney transplantation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2923-2928
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• 2015

Background: Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) has been stated as an Indian disease, with the highest number of cases being reported from certain districts of northeast India, which has an ethnically distinct population. Unfortunately there are no scientific reports on the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of the disease from this region. Aim: The present study evaluated the role of differential expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in the development of gall bladder anomalies. Materials and Methods: Blood and tissue samples were collected from patients undergoing routine surgical resection for clinically proven cases of gallbladder disease {cholelithiasis (CL, n=50), cholecystitis (CS, n=40) and GBC (n=30) along with adjacent histopathologically proved non-neoplastic controls (n=15)} with informed consent. Whole blood was also collected from age and sex matched healthy controls (n=25) for comparative analysis. Differential hTERT mRNA expression was evaluated by semi-quantitative rt-PCR and real-time PCR based analysis using ${\beta}$-actin as an internal control. Evaluation of differential hTERT protein expression was studied by Western blot analysis and immunoflourescence. Statistical analysis for differential expression and co-relation was performed by SPSSv13.0 software. Results: Gallbladder anomalies were mostly prevalent in females. The hTERT mRNA and protein expression increased gradiently from normal

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.903-906
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• 2008

To analyze the growth of SOB (Thiobacillus novellus) and biochemical corrosion of concrete, simulation test method and device were developed. And two types of simulation tests were conducted according to a transplant method and a concentration of H2SO4. As a result, the SOB growth in distinct manners and antibiosis of specimen were observed. In the case of the specimens indirectly transplanted with SOB through culture solution submersion at a hydrogen sulfide level of 120ppm, the rapid activation of SOB and the resulting sulfuric acid production were observed. However, SOB were shown to grow rapidly and then die out in a relative short period of time. Meanwhile, in the case of the specimens directly transplanted with SOB at a hydrogen sulfide level of 50ppm, the long-term growth of SOB was possible, but the production of sulfuric acid by SOB did not progress. In the case of the antibiotic metal-mixed specimens, SOB with destroyed cell membranes and internal organizations were observed.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.27-37
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• 2014

Early 20th century Singapore was faced with the problem of overcrowding. The attendant problems of a rapid increase in population density, namely the lack of proper housing and sanitation, resulted in the issue of an appropriate residential environment emerging as an important task in urban planning. It was necessary to construct housing estates in order to solve this issue. At that time, the British colonial government attempted to transplant modern technology into the construction process of a residential complex system. However, Singapore's climate and traditional lifestyle made it impossible to apply the British modern system in a straightforward manner, and in the process, a number of transformations emerged. With a specific focus on the Tiong Bahru estate, one of Singapore's representative public housing projects, from the 1930s through the 1950s, this study intends to look at the way in which such residential estates were assimilated into local surroundings, and the effect of the transplantation of British concepts of modern housing theory. Therefore, the study is divided into an examination of the estate both before and after the turning point of World War II. This study confirms that the difference between the pre-war and post-war planning strategies for the Tiong Bahru estate were made according to the concept of 'open space.'

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6127-6130
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• 2014

Objective: Explore the feasibility of allo-hemopietic stem cell transplants in treating patients with B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. Methods: Between september 2006 and February 2011, fifteen patients with B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were treated by allo-hemopietic stem cell transplants (HSCT). Stem cell sources were peripheral blood. Six patients were conditioned by busulfan (BU) and cyclophosphamide (CY) and nine patients were conditioned with TBI and cyclophosphamide (CY). Graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis regimen consisted of cyclosporine A (CSA), methotrex ate (MTX) and mycophenolatemofetil (MMF). Results: Patients received a median of $7.98{\times}10^8{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ ($5.36-12.30{\times}10^8{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) mononuclear cells (MNC). The median time of ANC> $0.5{\times}10^9/L$ was day 12 (10-15), and PLT> $20.0{\times}10^9/L$ was day 13 (11-16). Extensive acute GVHD occurred in 6 (40.0%) patients, and extensive chronic GVHD was recorded in 6 (40.0%) patients. Nine patients were alive after 2.5-65 months follow-up. Conclusion: Allogeneic stem cell transplant could be effective in treating patients with B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1967-1971
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• 2016

Background: In tumor cells, aberrant differentiation programs have been described. Several neuronal proteins have been found associated with morphological neuronal-glial changes in breast cancer (BCa). These neuronal proteins have been related to mechanisms that are involved in carcinogenesis; however, this regulation is not well understood. Microtubule-associated protein-tau (MAP-Tau) has been describing in BCa but not its variants. This finding could partly explain the neuronal-glial morphology of BCa cells. Our aim was to determine mRNA expression of MAP-tau variants 2, 4 and 6 in breast cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: Cultured cell lines MCF-10A, MDA-MB-231, SKBR3 and T47D were observed under phase-contrast microscopy for neural morphology and analyzed for gene expression of MAP-Tau transcript variants 2, 4 and 6 by real-time PCR. Results: Regarding morphology like neural/glial cells, T47D line shown more cells with these features than MDA-MB-231 and SKBR. In another hand, we found much greater mRNA expression of MAP-Tau transcript variants 2, and to a lesser extent 4 and 6, in T47D cells than the other lines. In conclusion, regulation of MAP-Tau could bring about changes in cytoskeleton, cell morphology and motility; these findings cast further light on neuronal transdifferentiation in BCa.