• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2018

A fungus was isolated from field soil collected from Daegu, Korea. The colony of the isolated fungus showed short, branched, and light to dark yellow pigments with hyaline, yellowish red to orange brown aerial mycelia. In addition, the fungus produced solitary to aggregated perithecia, ovoid to pyriform, short neck, and asci as well as biseriately arranged ascospores. Phylogenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacer region and translation elongation factor $1-{\alpha}$ sequences and morphological characteristics identified the isolated fungus as Penicillifer diparietisporus, which belongs to the family Nectriaceae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Penicillifer diparietisporus in Korea.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.219-230
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• 2003

This paper describes a rule-based approach for syntactic disambiguation used by the English sentence parser in E-TRAN 2001, an English-Korean machine translation system. We propose Parser's Ambiguity Type Information (PATI) to automatically identify the types of ambiguities observed in competing candidate trees produced by the parser and synthesize the types into a formal representation. PATI provides an efficient way of encoding knowledge into grammar rules and calculating rule preference scores from a relatively small training corpus. In the overall scoring scheme for sorting the candidate trees, the rule preference scores are combined with other preference functions that are based on statistical information. We compare the enhanced grammar with the initial one in terms of the amount of ambiguity. The experimental results show that the rule preference scores could significantly increase the accuracy of ambiguity resolution.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.814-822
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• 2017

Meiotic homologous recombination generates new combinations of preexisting genetic variation and is a crucial process in plant breeding. Within the last decade, our understanding of plant meiotic recombination and genome diversity has advanced considerably. Innovation in DNA sequencing technology has led to the exploration of high-resolution genetic and epigenetic information in plant genomes, which has helped to accelerate plant breeding practices via high-throughput genotyping, and linkage and association mapping. In addition, great advances toward understanding the genetic and epigenetic control mechanisms of meiotic recombination have enabled the expansion of breeding programs and the unlocking of genetic diversity that can be used for crop improvement. This review highlights the recent literature on plant meiotic recombination and discusses the translation of this knowledge to the manipulation of meiotic recombination frequency and location with regards to crop plant breeding.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2016

This paper is devoted to evaluate the effect of bilingual mathematics learning of Mongolian students in the primary school of Inner Mongolia. The study used tests and examined 305 Mongolian students' math achievement from Mongolian school and 277 Mongolian students from Mongolian and Han mixed school, at the same time 301 students from Guangxi regular primary school for comparison. Multivariate statistical analysis shows that there is no significant difference between these students. The results showed that the implementation of bilingual mathematics education in Inner Mongolia have achieved the desired effect. The reasons leading to the observed results are analyzed. There is a long history of bilingual education in Inner Mongolia, so the bilingual education system is complete, and the bilingual teaching resources are relatively abundant, especially the mathematics term translation between Mongolian and Chinese is standardized and unified.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.187-192
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to show that the current notation of Japanese proper names in Korean has some problems. It cannot represent the different sounds between the voiced and voiceless. The purpose of this paper is also to give a more correct notation which is coherent and efficient. After introducing some general knowledge about the phonemes of Japanese language, I measured the Voice Onset Time of the stops[k, t] at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of a word, and compared the spectrogram of affricates with that of fricatives. In conclusion, Japanese voiceless [k, t ,$t{\int}$] should be written as [ㅋ,ㅌ,ㅊ] and voiced [g, d $d_3$] as [ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅈ] and the affricate[ts] as[ㅊ] in Korean.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.266-285
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• 2008

This study investigated the relationship between musical understanding and expression, the purpose of music education. It also intended to present the theoretical basis of integrated early childhood music education by examining into the necessity of it as a method to help young children with musical understanding and expression. The results of the study showed that either of the understanding and expression of music should be necessary and there is a mutual promotional relationship between them. It was found out that real musical understanding can be formed not by mechanical skill, but when the relationship between notes is understood with various experiences. Therefore an integrated early childhood music education became necessary as a principle of educational method to help young children with musical understanding and musical expression. Concretely it was found out to be necessary in terms of the characteristics, interest and concern of young children, the use and development of multi intelligence and the translation of the same knowledge into the same level.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.369-371
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• 2000

예제 기반 기계번역 시스템에서 해석의 정확도를 높이기 위해서는 대량의 고품질 대역 코퍼스가 필요하다. 이 대역 코퍼스는 예문을 단순히 나열해 놓은 것이 아니라 일정한 표현 형식에 따라서 기술한 대역 패턴들이다. 본 논문에서는 용언과 필수항인 명사구들로 이루어지는 고정표현을 정의하고 한국어와 영어의 대역 패턴을 기술하여 지식베이스를 구축한다. 빈도수가 높은 용언 5,000개를 중심으로 한영사전에 있는 용례 58,000여 개의 고정표현 지식을 구축하였다. 본 논문에서는 고정표현 지식베이스를 구축하는 과정을 기술하고, 고정표현 지식을 기술하면서 발생하였던 여러 가지 문제점을 예와 같이 기술한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.363-365
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• 2000

본 논문은 영/한, 한/영 자동 번역용 대용량 번역 지식의 효과적인 관리를 위한 시스템 개발이다. 현재 개발 중의 ETRI의 영/한, 한/영 자동 번역 시스템의 개발 환경을 분석하고, gdbm 기반의 번역지식관리의 문제점을 정리하였다. 본 논문에서 제시한 번역 지식 관리 시스템은 클라이언트/서버 구조를 가지는 MS SQL 서버 기반의 시스템이다. 번역 지식은 관계형 DB로 모델링하여 스키마를 설계하고 구현하였다. 관리 시스템에는 기존에 gdbm 파일로 구축해 놓은 지식을 번역지식 DB로 변환하기 위한 이전 도구, 번역지식 DB에 저장된 번역 지식을 검색하기 위한 검색 도구, 번역지식의 삽입, 삭제, 변경을 지원하는 구축도구로 구성된다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 1988

The yeast cytochrome c gene has been recloned, and the resulting cytochrome c mRNA has been translated in rabbit reticulocyte lysate translation system. The newly synthesized apocytochrome c could be methylated by exogenously added cytochrome c-lysine N-methyltransferase. Enzymatic methylation of in vitro synthesized apocytochrome c was found to facilitate specifically its import into mitochondria of yeast, but not of rat liver.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2008

Purpose : This paper reviews evidence supporting adaptive plasticity in skeletal muscle fibers induced by various exercise training and neuromuscular activity. Result : Skeletal muscle fiber demonstrates a remarkable adaptability and can adjust its physiologic and contractile makeup in response to alterations in functional demands. This adaptive plasticity results from the ability of muscle fibers to adjust their molecular, functional, and contractile properties in response to altered physiological demands, such as changes in exercise patterns and mechanical loading. The process of activity-dependent plasticity in skeletal muscle involves a multitude of signalling mechanisms initiating replication of specific genetic sequences, enabling subsequent translation of the genetic message and ultimately generating a series of myosin heavy chain isoform. Conclusions : Knowledge of the mechanisms and interaction of activity-dependent adaptive pathways in skeletal muscle is important for our understanding of the synthesis of muscle myosin protein, maintenance of metabolic and functional capacity with physical activity, and therapeutic intervention for functional improvement.