• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.327-330
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• 2008

It is required that a server which communicates with various client simultaneously should have an efficient data transfer model. In Windows$^{(R)}$ environment, the server was generally developed based on IOCP model. Developing the IOCP model, the server generally has one data transfer buffer per client. If the server divides a larger data than the transfer buffer into several fragments, there used to be a problem in sending it to a client, because there is a conflict in a data transfer buffer. That is, CPU requests one data-fragment transfer, then it will request the next data-fragment transfer successively before completing the previous request, owing to the property of overlapped IO model. In this paper, we proposed the transfer buffer sharing technique to solve the conflicting problem. The experimental result shows that the performance of data transfer was enhanced by 39% maximally.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.5 s.248
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• pp.389-396
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• 2006

For the successful design of heat exchangers, it is very important to understand local heat transfer phenomena on the circular tube of heat exchangers. In the present study, experiments are performed for single circular tube and tube banks with and without heat transfer promoters. The naphthalene sublimation technique is employed to measure the local mass transfer coefficients, and the measured local mass transfer data are converted to the local heat transfer data using heat and mass transfer analogy. The distribution pattern of local Nusselt numbers on single circular tube with heat transfer promoters is similar to that without the heat transfer promoter, but average Nusselt numbers are greatly increased. In case of tube banks without the heat transfer promoter, the Nusselt numbers are much lower in the first row than those of other rows, but the local heat transfer coefficients on all rows are equalized when the heat transfer promoter is installed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.433-442
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• 2020

This study investigates the impact of fiscal transfer, specifically the Village Fund Transfer, on rural income inequality and rural poverty. Studies on fiscal transfer offers contrasting outcomes, some argues that fiscal transfer suppresses wealth disparity, while others argue that it tends to widen disparity. This study employs descriptive analysis in estimating the elasticity of income inequality and poverty rate before and after the Village Fund Transfer. It develops multiple regressions model on panel datasets of 33 provinces in Indonesia before and after the implementation of Village Fund Transfer. This study suggests that the elasticity of income inequality is higher after the implementation of village fund transfer. Rural poverty tends to decline annually, however, the elasticity changes is lower after the implementation of village fund transfer. Furthermore, this study suggests that village fund transfer is insignificant in coping with the issue of income inequality, while education and the level of labor productivity of agricultural sector appears to be the determinant factor in tackling the issue of income inequality in the rural areas. This study further reveals the significance of village fund transfer in suppressing the rural poverty rate. This study also highlights the significance of human resources quality and agricultural sector in reducing poverty rate in rural areas.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.165-172
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between life satisfaction of the elderly and their transfer income (public transfer and private transfer income) using the 11th data of the Korea welfare panel study. In the analysis results, the public transfer income was analyzed to have a significantly positive (+) effect on the life satisfaction in the case of the elderly in general households while in the case of the elderly in low income households, private transfer income was analyzed to have a significantly positive (+) effect on life satisfaction. These results suggest that the public transfer income is 1,019,200 won (monthly average 849,000 won) in the case of the elderly in general households, and the public transfer income is found to have an effect to stabilize the income, which can be expected to increase the life satisfaction. However, in the case of the elderly in low income households, it was found to be 5,080,500 won (monthly average 424,000 won), half of the public transfer income of the elderly in general households. In the case of the elderly of low income households, it can be assumed that the private transfer income, which is the "uncomfortable" income source, fills up the unstable income stabilization gap and raises the life satisfaction. As a policy suggestion, first, by supplementing the basic pension system, which is an irrational part of public transfer income for the elderly with low income, it is necessary to design policy alternatives to enable economic stabilization of the elderly in low income households. Second, it is also necessary to actively review the introduction of income deduction plans for the transfer income of family members for the low income elderly households.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.768-778
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• 2003

Numerical analysis has been carried out to investigate laminar convective heat transfer in a tube for supercritical water near the thermodynamic critical point. Fluid flow and heat transfer are strongly coupled due to large variations of thermodynamic and transport properties such as density, specific heat, viscosity, and thermal conductivity near the critical point. Heat transfer characteristics in the developing region of the tube show transition behavior between liquid-like and gas-like phases with a peak in heat transfer coefficient distribution near the pseudocritical point. The peak of the heat transfer coefficient depends on pressure and wall heat flux rather than inlet temperature and Reynolds number, Results of the modeling provide convective heat transfer characteristics including velocity vectors, temperature, and the properties as well as the heat transfer coefficient. The effect of proximity to the critical point is considered and a heat transfer correlation is suggested for the peak of Nusselt number in the tube.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.206-216
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• 2005

Numerical analysis has been carried out to investigate laminar convective heat transfer at zero gravity in a tube for supercritical water near the thermodynamic critical point. Fluid flow and heat transfer are strongly coupled due to large variation of thermodynamic and transport properties such as density, specific heat, viscosity, and thermal conductivity near the critical point. Heat transfer characteristics in the developing region of the tube show transition behavior between liquid-like and gas-like phases with a peak in heat transfer coefficient distribution near the pseudo critical point. The peak of the heat transfer coefficient depends on pressure and wall heat flux rather than inlet temperature and Reynolds number. Results of the modeling provide convective heat transfer characteristics including velocity vectors, temperature, and the properties as well as the heat transfer coefficient. The effect of proximity on the critical point is considered and a heat transfer correlation is suggested for the peak of Nusselt number in the tube.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1360-1366
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• 2022

Objective: The present study analyzed the influence of co-transferring embryos with high and low cloning efficiencies produced via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) on pregnancy outcomes in dogs. Methods: Cloned dogs were produced by SCNT using donor cells derived from a Tibetan Mastiff (TM) and Toy Poodle (TP). The in vivo developmental capacity of cloned embryos was evaluated. The pregnancy and parturition rates were determined following single transfer of 284 fused oocytes into 21 surrogates and co-transfer of 47 fused oocytes into four surrogates. Results: When cloned embryos produced using a single type of donor cell were transferred into surrogates, the pregnancy and live birth rates were significantly higher following transfer of embryos produced using TP donor cells than following transfer of embryos produced using TM donor cells. Next, pregnancy and live birth rates were compared following single and co-transfer of these cloned embryos. The pregnancy and live birth rates were similar upon co-transfer of embryos and single transfer of embryos produced using TP donor cells but were significantly lower upon single transfer of embryos produced using TM donor cells. Furthermore, the parturition rate for TM dogs and the percentage of these dogs that remained alive until weaning was significantly higher upon co-transfer than upon single transfer of embryos. However, there was no difference between the two embryo transfer methods for TP dogs. The mean birth weight of cloned TM dogs was significantly higher upon single transfer than upon co-transfer of embryos. However, the body weight of TM dogs did not significantly differ between the two embryo transfer methods after day 5. Conclusion: For cloned embryos with a lower developmental competence, the parturition rate and percentage of dogs that remain alive until weaning are increased when they are co-transferred with cloned embryos with a greater developmental competence.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

Large-area two-dimensional (2D) materials synthesized by chemical vapor deposition on donor substrates are promising functional materials for conductors, semiconductors, and insulators in flexible and transparent devices. In most cases, 2D materials should be transferred from a donor substrate to a target substrate; however, 2D materials are prone to damage during the transfer process. The damages to 2D materials during transfer are caused by contamination, tearing, and chemical doping. For the commercialization of 2D materials, a damage-free, large-area, and productive transfer process is needed. However, a transfer process that meets all three requirements has yet to be developed. In this paper, we review the recent progress in the development of transfer processes for 2D materials, and discuss the principles, advantages, and limitations of each process. The future prospects of transfer processes are also discussed. To simplify the discussion, the transfer processes are classified into four categories: wet transfer, dry transfer, mechanical transfer, and electro-chemical transfer. Finally, the "roll-to-roll" and "roll-to-plate" dry transfer process is proposed as the most promising method for the commercialization of 2D materials. Moreover, for successful dry transfer of 2D materials, it is necessary to clearly understand the adhesion properties, viscoelastic behaviors, and mechanical deformation of the transfer film used as a medium in the transfer process.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.11-23
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• 2013

The main purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of participation motivation of continuing professional development between the level of organizational learning transfer climate and learning transfer. In the analysis of the relationship among the level of the organizational learning transfer climate, learning transfer and participation motivation of CPD, organizational learning transfer climate had indirect influence on learning transfer through participation motivation of CPD. Based upon the findings of this study, several suggestions were made to improve professional engineers' participation and learning transfer in CPD and implement future research on professional engineer's CPD.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.445-472
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• 2015

Although knowledge transfer between two different parties occurs in IS development projects, the majority of prior studies focused on knowledge transfer from IT consultants to clients. Considering two parts of knowledge transfer in IS development projects, we must consider both 'where knowledge is transferred from' and 'where it is transferred to'. Therefore, in this study, we attempt to describe two different routes of knowledge transfer, such as knowledge transfer from an IT consultant to a client and knowledge transfer from a client to an IT consultant. In this regard, we have examined the effect of two different routes of knowledge transfer on system implementation success in IS development project. Specifically, we adopted the knowledge stock-flow theory to examine the causal relationship between IT consulting firms and clients in terms of knowledge transfer and eventual system implementation success. Survey data collected from 213 pairs of individuals (both clients and IT consultants) were used to test the model using three different analytic approaches such as PLS (partial least squares) and two types of mediated regression techniques. We found that knowledge transfers partially mediated both the relationships between IT consultants' IT skills (project members' business knowledge) and system implementation success. Furthermore, the effects of each knowledge transfer were distinguished by depending on the types of system, such as ERP or groupware. Our attempts have significant implications for both research and practice given the importance of effective knowledge transfer to IT consulting.