• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 1989

Total thirty of flushing were attempted on day 4 to 15 of estrus cycle with S heifers and 9 cows by nonsurgical method. The flushed or recovered rate among flushings was 86.7% (26/30) or 88.5% (23/26), respectively. There was no difference in the recovered rate between heifers (85.7%,6/7) and cows (89.5%, 17119). The embryo was recovered on day 4 to 15 of estrus cycle from the donors in natural heat without any technical difficulties.The I2FG Foley catheter used for pubertal heifers had sometimes plug in it with uterine mucus during flushing of uterine horn. But the problem could be overcomed by pumping the catherter with fluthing solution or by changing the catheter. Three normal embryos were recovered from 3 pubertal (10-11 month old) heifers. The rate of normal and abnormal eggs was 60.9% (14123) and 39.1% (9/23), respectively. The abnormal eggs were on degenerating except one unfertilized egg and were mostly recovered from heifers or cows flushed consecutively during the estrus cycle. The developmental states of normal embryos were l6-cells on day 5, 32-cells on day 6, compacted-morula on day 7, early-to expanded-blastocyst on day 8-to 9, and hatching-to hatched-blastocyst on day 10 to 11 of estrus cycle. The stage of embryos on day 8 to 10 showed varities among donors. On day 8 to 9 of estrus cycle hatching-blas tocyst was recovered from some donors.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2016

Objective: To determine the incidence of embryo retention (ER) in the transfer catheter following embryo transfer (ET) in blastocyst transfer and investigate whether retransferring retained embryos has an impact on reproductive outcomes in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-ET. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 1,131 blastocyst transfers, which comprised 223 single blastocyst transfer (SBT) and 908 double blastocyst transfer (DBT) cycles. Each SBT and DBT group was classified depending on whether ET was performed without retained embryos in the catheter during the first attempt (without-ER group) or whether any retained embryos were found following ET (ER group) for the purpose of comparing reproductive outcomes in a homogenous population. Results: The overall incidence of finding retained embryos was 2.8% (32/1,131). There were no retained embryos in SBT cycles. In DBT cycles, implantation rates (30.0% vs. 26.6%), positive ${\beta}-hCG$ rates (57.2% vs. 56.2%), clinical pregnancy rates (45.3% vs. 46.9%), and live birth rates (38.9% vs. 43.8%) were not significantly different between the without-ER and ER groups. There were no significant differences in the mean birth weight (g) $2,928.4{\pm}631.8$ vs. $2,948.7{\pm}497.8$ and the mean gestational age at birth ($269.3{\pm}17.2days$ vs. $264.2{\pm}25.7days$). A total of nine cases of congenital birth defects were found in this study population. Eight were observed in the without-ER group and one in the ER group. Conclusion: Our results suggest that retransfer of retained embryos does not have any adverse impact on reproductive outcomes in blastocyst transfer cycles. Furthermore, our results support finding that SBT might be advantageous for decreasing the incidence of retained embryos in catheters.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.209-218
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• 2004

To investigate the feasibility of embryo transfer technology to promote productivity of cattle, 36 cows(18 Holstein, 18 Hanwoo) were superovulated. Fresh embryos were transferred to 25 recipients(14 Holstein, 11 Hanwoo), whereas frozen embryos were transferred to 17 recipients(10 Holstein, 7 Hanwoo). Two embryos were transferred at a time to 13 recipients(9 Holstein, 4 Hanwoo) to produce twin calves. 1. 75.0％ of donor cattle were reacted to hormonal treatment far superovulation. 2. The rate of embryo recovery by non-surgical method for Holstein and Hanwoo was 90.4 and 95.8％ in comparison with numbers of corpus luteum. 3. Of all the ova collected non-surgically, the rate of viable blastocyst was 66.4％ and the rate of transferrable blastocysts was 48.6％. 4. The rate of embryo collection by one-catheter method was 75.0％. 5. The rate of pregnancy/delivery following embryo transfer with fresh embryos was 60.0％. 6. The rate of pregnancy/delivery following embryo transfer with frozen embryos was 35.3％. 7. In embryo transfer to produce twin calves, the rate of pregnancy/delivery was 28.6％ with fresh embryos and 16.7％ with frozen embryos.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.597-602
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• 2020

The study was conducted to improve the efficiency of the test and to reduce the exposure dose of patients and operators by analyzing the difference in the moving speed of Lipiodol according to the temperature during lymphography. The device for injecting Lipiodol at a constant pressure was self-made, and after inserting Lipiodol into the Connecting Tube, the moving speed of the contrast agent was photographed at temperatures of 26℃, 36℃, and 46℃ using a heat transfer device. Lipiodol movement time from the Support Catheter to 20cm was measured and analyzed, and statistical significance was confirmed. In the 46℃ environment, the average moving time was 11 seconds, at 36℃ the average was 13 seconds, and at 26℃ the average was 17 seconds. Lipiodol showed a significant difference in moving time with increasing temperature (p<.001), and it was confirmed that the higher the temperature, the faster the moving speed. In the case of lymphangiography, when heated to a certain temperature (46 degrees) rather than injecting Lipiodol at room temperature, the injection speed can be increased and the speed of movement in the lymphatic vessel can be improved.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.2E
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• pp.73-86
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• 1995

The transducer section of the forward-looking ultrasound imaging catheter (FLUIC) consists of a circular piezoelectric element as a vibrator and a conical acoustic mirror as a perfect reflector. A small diameter piezoelectric transducer element is mounted on the side of a catheter's rotating shaft. The unique design of FLUIC provides the capability to form a two-dimensional image of a cross-section of vessel in front of the catheter, which is lacking in the present generation of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) transducers, as well as a conventional side view image. The mirror configuration for the transducer section of the FLUIC is designed using an approximated ray tracing techniques. The diffraction transfer function approach [1] developed for the field prediction from primary sources is generalized and extended to predict the secondary diffraction characterstics from an acoustic mirror. The extended model is verified by simulation and experiment through a simple plane reflector and employed to analyzed the field characteristics of a FLUIC.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.225-228
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• 2009

Purpose: Urethral reconstruction following failed hypospadias repair is difficult because of a severe shortage of the skin on ventral surface of the penis. We experienced a successful reconstruction of a failed hypospadias repair using the radial forearm free flap. So we present our case. Methods: A 16 - year - old boy had a proximal shaft hypospadias and had been taken a transverse preputial island flap but it completely broke down. There was no spare skin on the shaft of the penis. So we reconstructed a neo - urethra and the ventral skin of the penis with the radial forearm free flap. Results: Postoperatively he made relatively good process. The urethral catheter was maintained for 10 days and self - voiding was started. The suprapubic catheter was removed at the postoperative 30th day after control of cystitis. The postoperative appearance of the penis is acceptable and a straight erection is achieved. Conclusion: In the scarred penis with hypospadias, the radial forearm free flap transfer is a reliable reconstructive method for the neo - urethra and the ventral skin of the penis.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.385-391
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• 2011

Human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) program is a general procedure for infertile couples since first successful delivery on 1978 in UK and Korean first on 1985. Recently in Korea, more than 42,000 cases per year of IVF-ET were performed and showed good pregnancy rates compared worldwide data. The human IVF-ET procedure use many consumables, such as ovum pick-up (OPU) needles, centrifuge tubes, culture dish, ICSI pipette, culture media and ET catheters. Major of these materials are supported by the global companies. Thus, Korean IVF-ET program might be placed unstable situation by global economical risks. These uncertain problems could be overcome by the domestic production of IVF-ET materials and consumables. Two times questionnaires for Korean clinicians and researchers about the domestic production were performed and analyzed. Many of them requested domestic OPU needles, ET catheters, culture media and ICSI pipettes under good quality control and quality assurance system. This trial may be contributed to industrialization and to global competence of Korean IVF-ET program. The results of this survey can be provide a fundamental base for development and production of domestic materials and consumables for human IVF-ET program.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.325-338
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• 1993

This study was conducted to evaluate the methods used in nursing procedures for infection control. Skilled nursing procedures are related to prevention of hospital infection. The sample consisted of 301 nurses’ response to the questionnaire. Data were collected from Feb. to March, 1993 from 35 hospitals located in five major cities. The findings of the study are as follows : 1) Rotatively unsafe nursing procedures were reported for preperation of IV therapy, change of IV site and aseptic dressing on IV site, hand wash-ing and use of paper towels, use of sterile urine bottle with indwelling urinary catheter, management of dressing cart, disinfection of transfer forcep, ambu respirator, laryngoscope, humidifier and handling of incubator. 2) Relatively safe nursing procedures were reported for management of suction tube, marking for contaminated materials and waste collection. The rate of participation in education programs for infection control by the nurses was higher than in other research results. 3) Further study on procedures for IV site in-fusion and care of dressing cart are recommended.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.68-79
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• 2008

Aortic AIx(augmentation index) has been used to measure aortic stiffness quantitatively and even to evaluate ventricular load. However, in order to calculate aortic AIx catheters should be inserted to the subjects' artery, which hampers its clinical usage. To overcome such limitation, aortic AIx has been indirectly calculated by estimating aortic pressure wave from the peripheral arterial pulse by applying transfer functions. In this study, central aortic pressure waves using Millar catheter and radial artery pulse waves using tonometry pressure sensor were measured to establish transfer functions for an estimation of central aortic pressure waves from radial artery pulse waves. Also, an algorithm which detects augmentation point for the calculation of AIx were developed. Developed algorithm for the detection of augmentation point gradually increases the differential order to detect inflection point rather than detects the distinctive point that appears after a specific time. Transfer functions were established using 10th order ARX model and were verified for the stability of the transfer function through residual analysis. Evaluation of an algorithm for the detection of augmentation point were performed by comparing the augmentation points obtained from developed algorithm with the known augmentation points synthesized in various conditions. In addition, developed algorithm for the AIx is proved to provide more accurate results than the ones developed by previous studies. The significance of the study was in two folds. Firstly, the results could provide the basis for the measurement of aortic stiffness using easily-measurable radial artery pulse waves, and secondly, extension of the study may enable the early diagnosis of various vascular diseases.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 2002

The present study aimed at determining the effective dose of Folltropin, a follicle timulating hormone (FSH), on superovulation in indigenous cows of Bangladesh. Fifteen regularly cycling 5～7 years old dry cows, weighing 200～250 kg with 2.5～3.0 body condition scores (BCS) were divided into three groups (n＝5). Individual groups were superovulated with 100, 200 or 300 mg of Folltropin per animal. The superovulation treatment was initiated at Day 10 or Day 11 of the estrous cycle (Day 0＝day of estrus). Alfaprostol (6 mg) was injected to each cow 72 h after the initiation of superovulation treatment to induce eestrus. After confirming standing estrus, the cows were inseminated 2～3 times, 12 h apart, depending on the duration of estrus. At Day 6 or Day 7, individual horns of the uterus were flushed with 150～200 $m\ell$ of phosphate buffered saline supplemented with BSA (0.2％), penicillin (100 IU／$m\ell$) and streptomycin (100 $\mu\textrm{g}$／$m\ell$) using a two-way foley catheter. The embryos were concentrated, removing the excess medium through an embryo filter, and identified under a stereomicroscope. The identified embryos were collected, washed four times, evaluated and graded as excellent, good, fair or poor. The excellent, good and fair embryos were considered as transferable quality embryos. The mean (range). numbers of embryos collected vs. transferable quality embryos far 100, 200 and 300 mg of Folltropin were 4.5 (1～10) vs. 3.5 (1～8); 2.5 (1～4) vs. 1 (0～2) and 0.0 (0～0) vs. 0.0 (0～0), respectively, Folltropin at a dose of 100 or 200 mg produced suitable ovarian stimulation for superovulation in indigenous zebu cows of Bangladesh. A dose of 300 mg or more Folltropin consistently caused preovulatory corpora lutea formation in the ovaries and resulted in zero embryo recovery.