• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.72-77
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• 2015

Spot blotch caused by the hemibiotrophic pathogen Cochliobolus sativus has been the major yield-reducing factor for barley production during the last decade. Monitoring transcriptional reorganization triggered in response to this fungus is an essential first step for the functional analysis of genes involved in the process. To characterize the defense responses initiated by barley resistant and susceptible cultivars, a survey of transcript abundance at early time points of C. sativus inoculation was conducted. A notable number of transcripts exhibiting significant differential accumulations in the resistant and susceptible cultivars were detected compared to the non-inoculated controls. At the p-value of 0.0001, transcripts were divided into three general categories; defense, regulatory and unknown function, and the resistant cultivar had the greatest number of common transcripts at different time points. Quantities of differentially accumulated gene transcripts in both cultivars were identified at 24 h post infection, the approximate time when the pathogen changes trophic lifestyles. The unique and common accumulated transcripts might be of considerable interest for enhancing effective resistance to C. sativus.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2010

Open reading frame 35 (bm35) of the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a special gene whose homologues are only found in some group-I nucleopolyhedroviruses, suggesting that bm35 plays a specific role in the viral life cycle. This paper described the characterization of BmNPV bm35. Computerassisted sequence analysis shows that a putative RING finger motif is observed in the protein, Bm35 encoded by bm35. The coding sequence of bm35 was amplified and subcloned into the vector pET30a(+) and the $(His)_6$-tagged fusion protein His-Bm35 was expressed in the Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) LysS cells. The bm35 transcript and Bm35 protein were detected in BmNPV-infected BmN cells at 12~48 h post infection (p.i.) by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis using the polyclonal antibody generated by immunizing a rabbit with purified $(His)_6$-tagged Bm35, suggesting that bm35 is synthesized in the late stage of BmNPV infection cycle. Bm35 was not a structural component associated with budded virus (BV) and occlusion derived virus (ODV). These data indicated that bm35 is a functional gene in the BmNPV life cycle.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2006

"Determinate" and "indeterminate" inflorescences in plants are controlled by a single recessive gene, for example, SELF-PRUNING (SP) in Solanum lycopersicum, TERMINAL FLOWER1 in Arabidopsis, CENTRORADIALIS in Antirrhinum, and CENTRORADIALIS-like gene in tobacco. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an indeterminate species in which shoots grow indefinitely. In this study, we cloned and characterized the pepper SP-like gene (CaSP). RT-PCR revealed that the CaSP transcript accumulates to higher levels in floral buds than in other organs. Comparison of genomic DNA and cDNA sequences from indeterminate and determinate pepper plants revealed the insertion of a single base in the first exon of CaSP in the determinate pepper plants. CaSP is annotated in linkage group 8 (chromosome 6) of the SNU2 pepper genetic map and showed similar synteny to SP in tomato. Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing CaSP displayed late-flowering phenotypes similar to the phenotypes caused by overexpression of CaSP orthologs in other plants. Collectively, these results suggest that pepper CaSP is an ortholog of SP in tomato.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.431-438
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• 2012

A number of middle and high school students are selected at the Korea Astronomy Olympiad (KAO) in every year. In the first stage of the selection, the resume, school transcript, and recommendation letters from teachers are referred. In the second stage, after video lectures and weekend observation classes, students are tested with on-line homeworks, and interviewed through internet. For 118 students who have gone through the second stage of the 2012 KAO, we have conducted a questionnaire survey, which asks the students the motivation and preparation for the KAO. The survey has also included inquiries for the selection process and education program of the 2012 KAO; the replies will be used as feedbacks for the next year's KAO. The survey has revealed that the first stage worked well, while the second stage needs to be improved in terms of fairness and objectivity. We have found that most students received private tutorings for the KAO, so we suggest efforts should be made for students to be able to prepare the KAO without receiving private tutorings.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.944-949
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• 2017

Objective: Investigated the effect and mechanism of ascorbic acid on the development of porcine embryos produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Methods: Porcine embryos were produced by SCNT and cultured in the presence or absence of ascorbic acid. Ten-eleven translocation 3 (TET3) in oocytes was knocked down by siRNA injection. After ascorbic acid treatment, reprogramming genes were analyzed by realtime reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, relative 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine content in pronucleus were detected by realtime PCR. Results: Ascorbic acid significantly increased the development of porcine embryos produced by SCNT. After SCNT, transcript levels of reprogramming genes, Pou5f1, Sox2, and Klf were significantly increased in blastocysts. Furthermore, ascorbic acid reduced 5-methylcytosine content in pronuclear embryos compared with the control group. Knock down of TET3 in porcine oocytes significantly prevents the demethylation of somatic cell nucleus after SCNT, even if in the presence of ascorbic acid. Conclusion: Ascorbic acid enhanced the development of porcine SCNT embryos via the increased TET3 mediated demethylation of somatic nucleus.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a gene family based RNA-seq read distribution method in means to accelerate the overal transcriptome assembly computation time. To measure the performance of our transcriptome sequence data distribution method, we evaluated the performance by testing four types of data sets of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome (Whole Unclassified Reads, Family-Classified Reads, Model-Classified Reads, and Randomly Classified Reads). As a result of de novo transcript assembly in distributed nodes using model classification data, the generated gene contigs matched 95% compared to the contig generated by WUR, and the execution time was reduced by 4.2 times compared to a single node environment using the same resources.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.295-302
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• 2002

Uterine cells carry out proliferation and differentiation for preparation the embryonic implantation during pregnancy. Therefore regulation of the cell proliferation is an essential step for uterine preparation, but there is not much information about the proliferation related genes in pregnant uterus. To identify these implantation specific genes, a PCR-select cDNA subtraction method was employed and got a few genes. One of the identified genes is a novel gene encoding oral tumor suppressor doc-1. To detect the doc-1 expression on the pregnant uterus, dot blotting, RT-PCR, and in situ hybridization were employed. Dot blotting revealed that doc-1 mRNA expression increase after implantation. During normal pregnancy, doc-1 mRNA expression was detected as early as day 1 of pregnancy with RT-PCR. Its expression was increased about 15 times after embryonic implantation. doc-1 transcript was localized in luminal epithelial cells but it was very faint during preimplantation. After starting the implantation, it localized in the stromal cells; heightened expression of doc-1 correlates with intense stromal cell proliferation surrounding the implanting blastocyst on day 6 morning. However in the decidualized cells, the intensity of localized doc-1 mRNA was weak. From those results, it is revealed that doc-1 express at pregnant uterus of the mouse. In addition it is suggested that doc-1 is the gene regulating the proliferation of the luminal epithelial cells and stromal cells during early implantation and decidualization.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.87-91
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• 1997

Effects of divalent cations such as $Mg^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Zn^2$ on splicing activity of phage T4 thymidylate synthase intron RNA have been investigated. At the concentration of 0.5 mM, $Mn^{2+}$ in the absence of $Mg^{2+}$, a very small amount of pre-RNA was cleaved into ligation products (El-E2) but no circular or linear intron was produced. As the concentration of $Mn^{2+}$ was increased from 1 to 5 mM the pre-RNA was completely hydrolyzed. In the presence of 5 mM $Mg^{2+}$, both the linear intron and circular intron were produced but no El-E2 ligation product was produced. At both 3 and 5 mM $Mn^{2+}$ the RNA was hydrolyzed completely as observed with no $Mg^2+$ being present. In the case of $Zn^{2+}$, even at 0.5 mM concentration, the pre-RNA was completely hydrolyzed. This observation suggested that $Zn^{2+}$ facilitates RNA hydrolysis more rapidly than $Mn^{2+}$ does. at 5mM $Ca^{2+}$, the RNA was not hydrolyzed and remained intact as a primary transcript.

• Plant Resources
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 1998

The Fp1 gene, originally isolated from red pepper seedlings, encode the iron storage protein, and have a high homology with ferritin genes at DNA and amino acid level. In order to determine ferritin protein expression in vegetative tissue. Fp1 gene was constructed in plant expression vector(PIG12IHm) and introduced in red pepper(var. Bukang, Chungyang and Kalag-Kimjang 2) via Agrobacterium tumefaciensmediated transformation. After selection on MS media containing Kanamycin(Km), putatively selected transformants were confirmed by amplification of selectable marker gene(Fp1 and NPII) by polymerase chain reaction. Northern blot showed that transcripts of Fp1 gene were detected in mature leaves of the plants. In A6, A7 and A8 and A14 of transgenic plants, transcript of Fp1 gene was increased seven-fold to eight-fold than other transgenic plants. Also the proteins obtained from leaves of transgenic plants were immunologically detected by Western blot using rabbit anti-ferritin polyclonal antibody. The expression protein appeared as strong band of apparent mass of 23.5kDa. suggesting the iron accumulation in transgenic red pepper plants.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.204-211
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• 1995

In an effort to develop a new therapeutic strategy for human gene therapy of solid ovarian tumor, we studied the expression of the p53 tumor suppressor Sene as well as regulatory subunits of cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase in human ovarian carcinoma cells. Four cell lines (2774, Caov-3, SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3) were selected for the analyses. The p53 transcript and protein were detected only in the 2774 cell line by Northern and Western Bnalysis. In the relatively fast growing cell line, SK-OV-3, the %rope 1 a regulstorv subunit (RIA of CAMP-dependent protein kinase was the highest among the four cell lines. The expression level of $RII\beta$ protein was low in the four cell lines examined. These results maw point to a direction to select the target gene(sl to be employed for gene therapy to control the ovarian cancer.