• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2010

Until now, the location and the size of gate are designed by only experience and intuitive use judgement. However there are no studies that investigated how many people will be using each subway gate depending on the location of gates. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a gate choice model of subway station. The most critical element of a gate choice in subway station is the location of pedestrian's destinations. In this study, the development of the regression model is constructed from data of land use characteristic of station vicinity and the number of bus route and the space structure of station vicinity(Depth concept by Space Syntax analysis and total road length of station vicinity) by using the real data of 30 subway station in Seoul. This study found that subway pedestrian flow are mainly determined by three factors; the total floor space of commercial buildings, Total Depth(space structure index of station vicinity), and the number of bus route. The verification of a proposed model is done by using the real gate pedestrian data of two subway station in Seoul; Gang-nam and Yang-jae. The additional study of how to define the gate impact area is analysed. Therefore, this study will provide the theoretical bases in decision of gate location and size when a new subway station is opened in future.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.442-448
• /
• 2014

The major objective of this study was to investigate the usability as cultivar for processing of new Citrus hybrid 'Hamilgam'. We investigated various antioxidant activities, such as DPPH radical, ABTS radical, Hydroxyl radical and Superoxide anion radical effect, along with total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content of Citrus hybrid 'Hamilgam', C. unshiu, C. natsudaidai. The total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content were the highest in the Hamilgam. The major flavonoids of Hamilgam and Natsudaidai were naringin and neohesperidin, and those of Unshu were narirutin and hesperidin, as determined by HPLC. Especially, the neohesperidin content of Hamilgam showed much higher (100 times over) than that of Unshu. However, the aglycone form was not found. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were the highest in Hamilgam peels. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was high in the order of Unshu, Hamilgam and Natsudaidai. Superoxide anion radical scavenging of 3 cultivars peels displayed low activities compared to DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging. Based on these results, Hamilgam peel extracts possess antioxidant activities and may thus serve as potential sources of functional food, cosmetic products, etc.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 2007

The tunnel measurement data such as deficiency quantity, outbreak quantity, inner displacement and crown settlement are very important elements in tunnel sites under construction and obtained mostly by displacement gauge and total station. However, it is difficult and dangerous to install targets or measurement equipments on the points in tunnel construction site and also we need several persons to work in the tunnel. Non-prism total station with remote control system which is developed recently has various efficient functions for tunnel measurement. Therefore, for efficient tunnel measurement, this study suggested one person surveying system which consisted of non-prism total station and notebook PC to control total station remotely, and we evaluated the suggested tunnel measurement system. In this study, the tunnel site under construction was chosen as the test field and tunnel surveying was done by existing surveying method and suggested method separately. As result of the test, we analyzed processing time and accuracy to demonstrate the superiority of suggested one person non-prism surveying system.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.253-257
• /
• 2009

To enhance the embryo preservation technology and better application of embryo transfer technique to the field (dairy science or animal reproduction. etc.), we examined the viabilities of bovine embryos produced in vitro and in vivo after cryopreservation according to their developmental stage and thawing temperature. Bovine embryos from in vivo/vitro fertilization (Hanwoo) were examined at day 7, 8, and 9. Survival rates and total cell numbers of in vivo fertilized embryos were as follows: morulae 68.8% and $67\;{\pm}\;6.0$; blastocysts 80.5% and $120\;{\pm}\;10$; expanded blastocysts 77.4% and $138\;{\pm}\;9.7$, respectively. Rates of embryo development for blastocysts and expanded blastocysts after thawing were significantly higher than that of morula stage embryos (p<0.05). While survival rates of in vitro fertilized embryos according to developmental stage showed no significant difference among groups (morula 67.9%; blastocyst 74.3%; and expanded blastocyst 79.4%), total cell numbers were significantly lower than those of other groups (morula $64\;{\pm}\;5.9$; blastocyst $116\;{\pm}\;8.7$; and expanded blastocyst $135\;{\pm}\;9.1$) For the viability according to thawing temperature, survival rate was higher in $37^{\circ}C$.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.36-40
• /
• 2015

In Korea, new total energy-saving solution has planned to build test-bed in underground subway station. Breaking energy is one of the most energy saving method in railway, but it has not be fully used up for economical purpose. This paper demonstrates on energy saving technology application including breaking energy and heating energy to underground subway station. It also offer solution of optimization of power energy flow. Moreover, economic feasibility analysis performed for undergound test bed constuction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
• /
• 2007.04a
• /
• pp.409-412
• /
• 2007

To minimize damages caused by landslides due to severe rain falls and storms during the rainy season every year, it is necessary to carry out research to monitor the symptoms of landslide in advance and prevent them. If proper actions ate taken in advance by monitoring the symptoms of landslide, personal and property damages caused by landslides can be prevented or minimized. This study tries to measure the movement of model slopes after causing displacement to each model slope using no prism Total Station and examine the applicability of Total Station by displacement through the analysis of the data.

• Korean Journal of Geomatics
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.21-26
• /
• 2001

Total Station (TS) is currently widespread and used in many fields of surveying projects. However, its application functions are not perfectly understood and so insufficiently used. One of them is indirect leveling method using TS. Because we can reach a considerable accuracy level with this method, it is gradually expanding for public surveying works such as construction of roads, airports and harbors. This paper gives results of an experiment to increase accuracy of indirect leveling by TS without direct leveling, which is more comfortable and quick to determine elevation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2005

The ministry of Environment, Korea, are designing the TMDL(Total Maximum daily Load) program far 4 major large rivers to improve water quality from possible pollutants. It can be successfully performed as controling of nonpoint pollutants from watershed area. Railway stations are stormwater intensive land use because of high imperviousness and high pollutant mass emissions from various activities. Especially the metal pollutants from the railway station were recognized as an important pollutants because of its toxicities. In order to characterize the washed-off pollutants. the monitoring were performed on a railway station during storms. Pollutant concentrations are exponentially decreasing during the storm duration. The 95％ confidence interval of pollutant concentrations in an hour storm duration ranges from 61.6 to 115.4mg/L for TSS(mean=88.50mg/L),103.8-244.1mg/L for COD(mean=174 mg/L) and 7.68-17.32mg/L for Oil & Grease(mean=12.5mg/L). The ranges of metals were 39.2-84.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L for total Cu(mean=61.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/L), 14.0-25.8$\mu\textrm{g}$/L for total Pb(mean=19.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/L) and 182.2-376.l $\mu\textrm{g}$/L for total Zn(mean=279.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/L). The first flush criteria for best management practices can be suggested to 50％ pollutant mass emissions during 30％ of the total flow.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.1503-1515
• /
• 2023

This paper considers the jointly active and passive beamforming design in the IRS-aided MISO downlink vehicle communication system where both V2I and V2V communication paradigms coexist. We formulate the problem as an optimization problem aiming to minimize the total transmit power of the base station subject to SINR requirements of both V2I and V2V users, total transmit power of base station and IRS's phase shift constraints. To deal with this non-convex problem, we propose a method which can alternately optimize the active beamforming at the base station and the passive beamforming at the IRS. By using first-order Taylor expansion, matrix analysis theory and penalized convex-concave process method, the non-convex optimization problem with coupled variables is converted into two decoupled convex sub-problems. The simulation results show that the proposed alternate optimization algorithm can significantly decrease the total transmit power of the vehicle base station.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2004.10a
• /
• pp.1695-1700
• /
• 2004

Nonpoint pollutants were monitored on railway station land use. Lots of pollutant mass were washed-off in a first hour. The 95$\%$ confidence interval of pollutant concentrations ranges from 61.6 to 115.4 mg/L for TSS(mean= 88.50 mg/L). 103.8$\∼$244.1 mg/L for COD(mean= 174 mg/L) and 7.68$\∼$17.32 mg/L for Oil & Grease(mean= 12.5 mg/L). The various metals were also washed-off during storm runoff from railway station. The ranges of 95$\%$ confidence intervals were 39.2$\∼$84.0 ug/L for total Cu(mean= 61.6 ug/L), 14.0 $\∼$ 25.8 ug/L for total Pb(mean= 19.9 ug/L) and 182.2 $\∼$ 376.1 ug/L for total Zn(mean= 279.2 ug/L). As a result of this research, we concluded that up to 50$\%$ of the total pollutant mass can be removed when first 30$\%$ of the total flow are treating, and it can be a first flush criteria for best management practices.