• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권11호
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• pp.1843-1847
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• 2013

유채화분에 대한 일반성분 및 이화학적 변화를 최소화 시키면서 효과적으로 미생물을 제어할 수 있는 감마선 조사의 적정 선량을 확인하고자 유채화분에 0 kGy, 5 kGy, 10 kGy, 15 kGy로 감마선 조사를 실시하였다. 품질 특성 및 미생물 실험결과 조사선량에 따른 차이는 나타내었지만 전체적인 유채화분의 일반성분에 큰 차이는 없었으며 미생물의 경우 곰팡이 및 대장균군은 5 kGy 조사로 총균 및 효모는 10 kGy 조사로 검출되지 않았다(<$10^2$ CFU/g). 환원당 함량은 조사선량 증가에 따른 유의차를 보이지 않았다. 명도, 적색도, 황색도는 조사선량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며 지질산화는 조사선량이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 나타낸 반면 휘발성 염기태 질소의 함량은 감마선 조사에 의해 영향을 받지 않았다. 따라서 감마선 조사에 대한 일반성분 및 이화학적 변화를 최소화하면서 화분에서 독소를 생성하는 곰팡이를 효과적으로 제어할 수 있는 감마선 조사선량은 5 kGy인 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.327-339
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• 2003

The objectives of this study were to conduct preliminary research to investigate full course meals in Korean style restaurants in order: i) to analyze the nutrient contents of full course meals per servings, and ii ) by analyzing the above, to examine the amount and the quality of the foods served in the full course meals by two different types of Korean style restaurants. A total of 27 restaurants participated in this study, 7 restaurants from the luxurious hotels in Seoul and 20 restaurants from the City of Changwon. A key finding was that restaurant patrons tended to overconsume nutrients as compared to the Korean Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA), and restaurants generated large amounts of food wastes due to the excess food served. Other findings were as follows: 1) Compared with 1/3 or the Korean RDA, all the nutrients were oversupplied. The average nutrient ratios were about 3.7 times higher than 113 of the Korean RDA in calories, about 9 times higher in proteins, 10 times higher in phosphorus, 7 times higher in Vitamin Bl, and 12 times higher in Vitamin E. 2) Seventy-five percent (n = 20) of the restaurants served within the range of thirty to forty dishes, whereas most of the hotel restaurants (70%) served twenty dishes or fewer. 3) The average carbohydrate: protein: fat (CPF) ratio of caloric nutrients was 40：26 : 34. This study concluded that: i) Korean style full course meals provide too much food, nutrients, and calories, resulting in an over- or unbalanced nutrient intake, and ii ) the Korean style full course meals consisted of a high-protein, high-fat and high-caloric intake, which is similar to a westernized caloric nutrient pattern. Such over -or unbalanced nutrient intake could cause chronic degenerative problems such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. These findings indicate that restaurants serving Korean style full course meals should carefully plan their menus in order to provide their customers with balanced meals. They should also be strongly encouraged to play an active role in improving their customers' nutritional status, as well as reducing the restaurants wastage of food. Lastly, further research should be conducted to improve the quality of the menus in Korean restaurants. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(3) : 327∼339, 2003)

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.952-962
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• 2005

To explore the relationship between economic status and food and nutrient intake patterns, the 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey result was analyzed. Dietary intake data of 6,978 Korean adults of 20 years and older who participated in the 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey were used along with their demographic data. Economic status of the subjects was classified into the following 4 groups based on the self-reported average monthly income of household with reference to the minimum monthly living expenses (MLE) in 2001 : low < $100\%$ MLE $\leq$ middle < $200\%$ MLE $\leq$ high < $300\%$ MLE $\leq$ higher, Individuals in the higher income class had significantly higher mean intake for most of the nutrients including energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, calcium, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C, and a higher percentage of energy intake from fat. In addition, they consumed more animal foods including meats, eggs, fish/shellfish, milk/dairy products and fats. On the other hand, the mean intakes of individuals in the lower economic class for calcium, vitamin A, and riboflavin were lower than $75\%$ of RDAs. And, there was a predominant difference in contribution of fat to total energy intake among the groups of different economic status. These results showed that household income is an important factor influencing the food and nutrient intake patterns of the Korean adult population. Although individuals at different age classes may respond differently to a change in economic status, developing and implementing nutrition policy and intervention programs for those nutritionally vulnerable groups should consider the economic status as an important factor to customize and differentiate the content of the Program. (Korean J Community Nutrition 10(6) : $952\∼962$, 2005)

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.28-40
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• 1994

Xerostomia and xerophthalmia are delicate or serous side effects, occuring when the radiotherapy is administered to the head and neck cancer patient. It is known that the cause of the above side effect is radiosensitivity of serous cells. In this study, the ultrastructural features of the parotid glands of the X-irradiated rats were observed. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-250g each were anesthetized with sodium thiopental, and placed on the Mitsubishi linear accelerator. Only the head and neck areas of animals were exposured at the distance of 80cm, within the area of $30X30cm$, in the depth of 1cm, with the speed of 200R/min. Total doses applied were 3,000R or 6,000R depending on the experimental groups. Animals were sacrificed on the 6th hour, 2nd day and 6th day after the irradiation. Parotid glands were fixed in the 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde solution, and followed by refixation in the 1% osmium tetroxide solution. Dehydrated blocks were embedded in araldite mixture, and ultrathin sections were cut. Sections were contrasted with the solution of uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and observed with JEM 100 CX-II electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1. Normal parotid acinar cells are two types; the light and the dark acinar cells. The light acinar cell contains dense secretory granules, whereas dark acinar cells contains granules of medium density with some darker spots within them, or other cells contain granules of medium density with darker rims. 2. Six hours after the irradiation, many acinar cells were degenerated showing variable stages of cytolytic bodies, light bodies, or dense degenerations. Within the acinar cell, Golgi apparatus and granular endoplasmic reticula were most severely altered elements. Granules showed more contrasting densities and irregularities. 3. Two days after the irradiation, some cytolytic bodies, and focal lucent degeneration of cytoplasm, and fine granular alteration of cytoplasmic matrix were pronounced. But other elements including secretory granules are rather looked unlatered. 4. Six days after the irradiation, most severe alterations were seen. Many intracellular canaliculi (or secretion figures), quanta of cytoplasm containing secretion antecedants, severely irregular luminal border, and again contrasting density of secretory granules showing tigroid spots or dense rims were noted. And myoepithelial degenerations were observed not uncommonly. 5. Irregular densities of secretory granules were interpreted as abnormal components of protein or carbohydrate portion are synthesized or abnormally metabolized under severe X-irradiation. 6. Myoepithelial degeneration and related alteration of nerve endings, etc., were suggested as the other causes of xerostomia following X-irradiation. 7. It is requested that radiation doses should be arranged, considering in mind not only the sensitivity of acinar cells but also the myoepithelial and neural functions.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 메타분석을 통하여 heterofermentative과 homofermentative LAB가 사일리지의 품질과 호기적 안정성에 대한 효과를 분석하였다. 일련의 분석결과 접종균으로 사용된 젖산균의 종류에 따라서 사일리지의 품질이 다르게 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 호기적 안정성에 있어서 heterofermentative LAB의 사용이 매우 중요함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구결과는 사일리지의 제조 목적 및 사용방법에 따라서 접종균주를 다르게 선발하여야 하며, 사용방법에 따라서 사일리지 내 유기산 조성을 변화시킬 수 있는 발효조건이 필요함을 시사하고 있고, 또한 보다 정밀한 사일리지 발효기술에 대한 기초자료를 제공한다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.640-646
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• 2009

발효유제품, 김치, 및 신생아 분변 등에서 유산균을 분리하여 isoflavone 전환 능력을 평가하였다. 유산균 중 높은 수준의 $\beta$-glucosidase 활성을 보인 균주는 Enterococcus sp. 77, L. paracasei, Lactobacillus sp. 712, L. brevis ATCC 8287, Lactococcus sp. KU107, L. acidophilus KCNU, L. plantarum L155 등으로 나타났다. 이들 유산균에 대하여 유당 발효성을 평가하여 가장 우수한 유산균을 선발하여 API, 16S rDNA를 분석한 결과 Lactobacillus plantarum으로 동정되었으며 이 활성 유산균을 Lactobacillus plantarum YS712로 명명하였다. Lactobacillus plantarum YS712는 pH 2.5에서도 약 50% 이상의 강한 생존율을 보였으며 DPPH 라디칼 소거능도 95.8%로, 선발된 유산균 중 가장 높은 라디칼 소거능을 나타내었다. 이로써 Lactobacillus plantarum YS712는 발효식품 및 유제품에 다양하게 이용할 가치가 있다고 판단된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2011

The composition analysis and electron donating activity of 4 kinds of Korean wild sannamuls[Cacalia firma Komar. (CFK), Aster scaber Thunb. (AST), Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz. (LFT), Synurus palmatopinnatifidus (Makino) Kitam., SDN)] were investigated. The Korean edible mountainous vegetable was named a sannamul or chwinamul in Korea, generally. Most of them, the characterization of the each vegetable was reported, individually without comparative research. This study was compared the proximate compositions, mineral, dietary fiber and electron donating abilities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) of sannamuls. In the chemical analysis of sannamuls, CFK was shown higher value in ash ($5.4{\pm}0.18%$), crude fat ($2.5 {\pm}0.14%$), carbohydrate ($8.1{\pm}0.21%$), potassium ($475.45{\pm}0.34mg$) and magnesium ($64.70{\pm}0.48mg$) than others. Each mineral of the 3 other samples was a similar value but phosphorus in LFT was contained $62.91{\pm}0.43%$. The compositions of total dietary fiber of the samples were listed CFK LFT SDN AST and the $RC_{50}$ Value on DPPH radicals, LFK CFT AST SDN. These results have susggest that CFK and LFT may be useful for a funtional material to food development.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2011

숙성된 갓김치에서 분리된 유산균을 pH 2.5에서 2시간 반응시킨 후 0.3% oxgall 존재 하에서 3시간 배양시킨 결과 MLK11, MLK22, MLK27, MLK41 및 MLK67 균주들은 $10^5$ CFU/ml 이상의 균수를 유지하여 높은 저항성을 보인 반면, MLK53 균주는 대부분의 균수가 사멸되어 매우 민감한 것으로 나타났다. 담즙산에 대한 내성이 강한 균주들 대부분은 복합 담즙산의 탈포합능이 있었으며, MLK22와 MLK67 균주는 sodium glycocholate로부터 3.5 mM 이상의 cholic acid을 유리시켜 가장 높은 탈포합능을 보인 반면, MLK13과 MLK41은 각각 1.35와 1.16 mM 정도 낮은 양의 cholic acid를 유리시켰다. 특히, MLK22와 MLK67의 탈포합능은 sodium taurocholate 혹은 포합담즙산 혼합물 보다는 sodium glycoholate 존재 하에서 더 높게 나타났다. 게다가 sodium glycocholate와 sodium taurocholate으로부터 MLK22와 MLK67이 생산하는 bile salt hydrolase (BSH)의 활성은 정지기 초기에 최대를 이르렀고 MLK67 보다는 MLK22의 BSH 활성이 다소 높았다. 한편, 실험 균주들의 콜레스테롤 제거능은 5.22-39.16 ${\mu}g$/ml로 균주별 유의적인 차이가 있었으며(p<0.05), 그 중에서 MLK67 균주는 0.3% oxgall, cholic acid 및 taurocholic acid로부터 가장 높은 콜레스테롤 동화능을 나타내었다. 따라서 실험 균주 중 높은 내산성과 내담즙성을 가지며, 담즙산 탈포합능 및 콜레스테롤 동화능이 유의하게 높은 MLK67 균주는 probiotic 균주로서의 가능성이 있는 것으로 간주되어 이를 생화학적 특성과 당분해능 및 염기서열 분석에 의해 동정한 결과 Pediococcus pentosaceus MLK67로 확인되었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1998

본 연구는 농촌 급식 초등학교 5, 6학년 아동을 대상으로 학교 급식의 영양섭취실태를 조사하였으며, 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 남녀학생의 평균신장은 각각 141.9$\pm$5.82cm, 142.5$\pm$5.82cm로 한국 소아 발육 표준치의 99.5%, 98.9%였으며 평균체중은 남학생이 36.3$\pm$7.39kg, 여학생이 35.7$\pm$8.35kg으로 한국 소아 발육 표준치의 98.1%, 96.4%를 나타내 여학생 체중은 표준치보다 미달되었다. 부모의 교육수준은 고졸 이상이 가장 많았으며, 직업은 부의 경우 남학생은 농업, 여학생은 상업이, 모의 경우는 남녀 학생의 39.0%가 농업에 종사한다고 응답하였다. 부모의 월수입 정도는 101만원 이상 200만원 미만이 56.4%로 가장 많았다. 에너지 섭취량은 남학생이 489㎉, 여학생이 443㎉로 권장량의 67~70%를 나타내어서 매우 부족한 상태였고, 단백질 섭취량 역시 남학생이 16.5g, 여학생이 15.7g으로 권장량(78~83%)에는 미달이었다. 칼슘 섭취량을 살펴보면 남학생은 180mg, 여학생이 169mg으로 남녀 모두 권장량에 미달이었다. 탄수화물은 총 열량 섭취의 68~69%, 단백질은 총 단백질 섭취량의 61~63%를 섭취하고 있었다. 지질은 총 지질 섭취량의 15~16%였다. 그러나 학교 급식에서 제공되는 우유로부터의 칼슘 섭취량이 늘어나 학교급식에서 우유급식의 효과를 볼 수 있었다. 철분 및 인의 섭취량도 권장량에 매우 미달이었다. 비타민은 niacin(114~119%)과 ascorbic acid(114.4~114.5%)를 제외한 비타민 A, 비타민 B1, 비타민 B2의 섭취량 모두 권장량에 미달이었다. 식습관 점수에 따른 분류를 보면 식습관이 '나쁘다(poor)'로 평가한 그룹이 전체의 43.6%(72명)에 해당하였으며, 여학생의 식습관 점수(9.3$\pm$3.6)가 남학생(8.4$\pm$2.5)보다 유의적으로 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면, 농촌 초등학교에 학교급식이 이루어지고 있지만 영양소 섭취량은 권장량보다 훨씬 미달이었고, 식습관 점수도 매우 낮아서 학교급식의 양적 확대와 더불어 질적 개선 및 지속적인 효과를 얻기 위한 체계적인 운영이 필요하리라 생각된다. 또한 아동들의 올바른 식품 선택 및 식습관 형성을 위한 실질적인 영양교육 지도가 필요하며 영양에 관한 지식, 태도 및 행동의 변화를 유도할 수 잇는 영양교육 program의 개발, 보급이 시급하다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.19-27
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• 1976

Perilla (frutescens) seed oil, which is widely used as a source of vegetable oil in Korea, contains a strikingly large amount (58.4% of total fatty acids) of polyunsaturated linolenic acid (18 : 3) which is one of the essential fatty acids. Our hypothesis was that vitamin E contained in this oil would not be enough to prevent peroxidation of this polyunsaturated oil. A comparative study was carried out using rats and chicks devided into seven groups with various diet combinations emphasizing fat sources for the period of four weeks. The level of fat in each diet was 15% and animals were fed ad libitum. Various diet combinations were as follows; perilla seed oil and sesame seed oil with and without vitamin E supplementation, tallow as a saturated fat source and perilla seed hull group (10% at the expense of carbohydrate). The fat constituents of control group were consisted of 50% vegetable oil and 50% animal fat. A few important findings are as follows: 1. Rats fed perilla seed oil lost their hair focally around the neck and suffered from a bad skin lesion at the same place. In chicks, yellow pigmentation both of feather and of skin was clearly observed only in groups fed perilla seed oil with or without vitamin E supplementation. The basis of biochemical mechanisms of this phenomena remains as an important research interest. 2. The mean value for hematocrit was significantly lower for the chicks fed perilla seed oil than for those fed control diet. This result seems to be attributable to the effect on the red cell membrane known as peroxidation-hemolysis of vitamin E deficiency. 3. The serum cholesterol level was higher for the rats fed perilla seed oil than for those fed control diet, whereas in chicks the group fed perilla seed oil showed lower value than the control group indicating that different animal species could vary in their responses to the same diet. 4. In pathological examinations, the sign of hepatic fibrosis was seen in the perilla seed hull group and it was noticeable that the level of hepatic RNA was significantly increased in the rat recovering from vitamin E deficiency. It is hoped that more detailed studies on perilla seed oil and hulls will soon be carried out in many aspects especially i) at various levels of fat in the diet, ii) in relation to dietary selenium level and iii) to find an optimum level of dietary essential fatty acids in terms of P/S ratio using various animal species. In the mean time, the public should be informed to preserve this particular oil with care to minimize fatty acid oxidation and should be discouraged from overconsuming this oil. This study was supported by UB (United Board) Research Grant (Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea)