• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.544-551
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• 2020

Background: Previous studies have shown the insecticidal efficacy of ginsenosides. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the metabolic mechanism related to the inhibitory effect of panaxadiol saponins (PDSs) against the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee). Methods: Third instar larvae of O. furnacalis were fed normal diets with different concentrations of PDSs for 4 days. The consumption index, relative growth rate, approximate digestibility, and conversion of ingested and digested food were recorded. A targeted gas chromatographye-mass spectrometry assay was performed to detect the profiles of amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates in larvae of O. furnacalis. In addition, the activity of detoxification-related enzymes was determined. Results and Conclusions: PDSs decreased the consumption index, relative growth rate, approximate digestibility, and conversion of ingested and digested food in the 3rd instar larvae of O. furnacalis in a dose-dependent manner. PDSs decreased 15 free amino acids, 16 free fatty acids, and 5 carbohydrates and increased the levels of palmitoleic acid, palmitic acid, and 9-octadecenoic acid in the 3rd instar larvae. The activity of detoxification-related enzymes, such as acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase, cytochrome P450, carboxylesterase, trehalase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase, was reduced in a dose-dependent manner in the 3rd instar larvae exposed to PDSs. These data confirmed the inhibitory effect of PDSs against growth, food utilization, and detoxification in the 3rd instar larvae of O. furnacalis and the potential for using PDSs as an efficient tool for insect pest management for O. furnacalis larvae.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.241-257
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• 2000

Rheumatoid arthritis as one of the chronic illness requiring management in long period of time puts great burden to patients, their family and society. For patients with chronic illnesses, providing a social support is important and the most important source comes from spouses. Therefore we assessed burden of husbands of female rheumatoid arthritic patients and also found out the factors affecting burden. The sample of study was 107 female rheumatoid arthritic patients and their spouses. The tool of assessing spouses' burden was the revised version of subjective and objective parameters developed by Montgomery et al.(1985). The results are as follows: 1. General characteristics of patients and spouses: The mean age of the patients was 48 years. Educational level of patients was high school 41.1%. The mean age of the spouses was 51years. Educational level of spouses was mostly high school(40.2%) and college(29.9%) graduate. The mean marital period was 23.4years. Average income per month was 1,609,000 won. The average duration since diagnosis was 9.4years. As a therapy, 67.3% chose standard drug therapy. Average rating of discomfort by patient was 3.05(range 1-5) and that of severity was 3.48 and that of dependency was 2.58. The husband's rating of their spouses disease severity was 3.68. 2. Husbands' burden: The average burden in subjective items was 21.61(range 6-36) and objective items was 35.24(range 10-60). The average of total burden was 56.59(range 16-96). 3. Husband's total burden correlated with patient's age, educational level of patients, therapy method, patient's level of discomfort, patient's severity, patient's level of dependence, husband's recognition of level of severity in statistical level. Husband's objective burden correlated with patient's age, educational level of patient, patient's level of discomfort, husband's recognition of level of severity. Husband's subjective burden correlated with patient's age, educational level of patients, therapy method, patient's severity, patient's level of dependence, husband's recognition of level of severity. 4. Linear correlation analysis on burden: The husbands' total burden is explained in 37 7% by husband's recognition of level of severity and husband's age. The husbands' objective burden is explained in 31.2% by patient's level of dependence, husband's age, husband's recognition of level of severity. The husbands' subjective burden is explained in 26.7% by husband's recognition of level of severity and patient's age. In conclusion, husbands' level of burden is affected by many factors and therefore nursing strategy for relieving burden of middle aged husbands should be individualized taking these factors into consideration.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.71-95
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• 2000

Despite repeated exhortation about the importance of social and human dimensions of systems development, socio-organizational issues continue to be neglected and ignored in the current information systems practice. A review of the human information processing literature suggests that the reasons for this continuing lack of attention to social issues may be found in the limitations of human cognition and information processing capacities. Bostrom and Heinen(1978) and Kumar and Bjorn-Anderson(1990) also suggest that the inadequate attention to social problems and issues by the analyst could originate from the analysts limited problem perception. This research explores how the representation forms of information systems(IS) methodology used in understanding and modeling the problem situation affect such systems development problem perception. Typically, a system development methodology prescribes the use of system models(i.e., system representations) to understand, analyze, evaluate, and design the information system. Given the size and complexity of information systems, and the abstraction and simplification underlying the modeling process, system representations usually depict only a limited set of aspects of the system. Thus, a methodology whose representations are limited to technical aspects will tend to limit the analyst's perspective to a technical one only(Kumar & Welke, 1990). Following the same line of argument, in contrast, it is the conjecture of this study that a methodology which specifies both social and technical aspects of IS development will help the analyst develop a more comprehensive view of the IS problem domain. Based on the above concept, a theoretical model was first developed which explained the systems analysts cognitive process. Drawing on this model, a research model was developed hypothesizing the impacts of representation forms on problem identification. The model was tested using a laboratory experiment with 70 individual subjects. A special computer software was developed with a hypermedia authoring tool to conduct the experiments in order to avoid experimenter biases and to maintain consistency in administrating repeated experiments. The program, designed to replace the experimenter, consisted of functions such as presenting the subjects with problem material, asking the subjects questions, and saving the typed answers of the subjects. The results indicate that representation forms strongly influence problem identification. It was found that the use of the socio-technical representation form led to the findings of more social problems than the use of technical representation form. The results imply significant effects of representation forms on problem findings and also suggest that the use of adequate representation forms may help overcome dysfunctional effects of our limited information processing capacity.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.44-53
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• 2015

본 연구는 119구급차 유형별 구조와 기능상의 문제점을 파악하여 구급차 내부 디자인을 보다 안전하고 효율적으로 개선하기 위한 조사연구이다. 4개 시 도의 구급대원 755명을 대상으로 2007년 영국 National Patients Safety Agency (NPSA)에서 개발한 환자 안전을 위한 미래 구급차에 관한 보고서와 이와 관련된 문헌고찰을 통해 수정 보완한 도구를 이용하였다. 설문지는 일반적 특성, 소방 구급차 내 안전성과 효율성 증진을 위한 디자인 개선을 위한 항목으로 구성되었다. 자료는 설문지를 전자우편 또는 직접 배포하여 수집하였으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 20.0 프로그램을 사용하여 통계처리하였다. 또한, 일반적 특성은 빈도분석, 백분율로, 구급차 내부 디자인 개선관련 항목은 카이제곱검증을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과, 승합차 개조 소방구급차에서는 내부공간이 좁은 문제와 화물차 개조 구급차에서는 승차감의 개선이 이루어져야 함을 도출하였다. 또한, 구급요원의 안전벨트와 구급요원의 처치 위치의 개선이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 향후, 이와같은 결과를 토대로 소방 구급자동차의 많은 개선이 필요함을 제시한다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.112-120
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 위험물안전관리법상 제4류 위험물에 해당하는 벤젠을 대상 물질로 선정하여 항만시설의 하역 과정에서 화재 및 누출사고가 발생하는 경우 가상의 시나리오를 통해 "독성(Toxic)"과 "액면화재(Pool fire)"에 대한 피해 규모를 정량적으로 평가하고자 하였다. 평가방법은 국내 화학물질안전원에서 범용프로그램으로 지원하는 KORA 프로그램을 활용하였으며, 벤젠의 화재 및 누출사고에 대한 피해영향 범위를 예측한 결과 독성으로 인한 피해 범위의 경우 누출공의 크기가 감소함에 따라 "최악의 사고시나리오" 대비 사고 피해영향 범위가 최대 5.11%까지 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 누출시간에 대한 피해영향 범위의 경우 누출시간 5 min 대비 10 min에서 145.12% 증가하였으며 20 min에서는 212.29%로 증가하였다. 또한, 액면화재로 인한 피해의 경우 "최악의 사고시나리오"에서 복사열에 의한 피해영향 범위는 취급시설을 중심으로 반경 228.8 m로 나타났으며, "대안의 사고시나리오"의 경우 복사열에 의한 피해영향 범위는 누출공의 크기가 배관 단면적이 감소함에 따라 "최악의 사고시나리오" 대비 사고 피해영향 범위가 최대 8.26%까지 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.444-454
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• 2013

The development of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) provided a useful tool for investigating Korean ginseng genetic diversity. In this study, 18 polymorphic markers (7 RAPD and 11 EST-SSR) selected to assess the genetic diversity in 31 ginseng accessions (11 Korean ginseng cultivars and 20 breeding lines). In RAPD analysis, a total of 53 unique polymorphic bands were obtained from ginseng accessions and number of amplicons ranged from 4 to 11 with a mean of 7.5 bands. Pair-wise genetic similarity coefficient (Nei) among all pairs of ginseng accessions varied from 0.01 to 0.32, with a mean of 0.11. On the basis of the resulting data, the 31 ginseng accessions were grouped into six clusters. As a result of EST-SSR analysis, 11 EST-SSR markers detected polymorphisms among the 31 ginseng accessions and revealed 49 alleles with a mean of 4.45 alleles per primer. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.06 to 0.31, with an average of 0.198. The 31 ginseng accessions were classified into five groups by cluster analysis based on Nei's genetic distances. Consequently, the results of ginseng-specific RAPD and EST-SSR markers may prove useful for the evaluation of genetic diversity and discrimination of Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2017

Soil erosion has been issued in many countries since it causes negative impacts on ecosystem at the receiving water bodies. Therefore best management practices to resolve the problem in a watershed have been developed and implemented. As a prior process, there is a need to define soil erosion level and to identify the area of concern regarding soil erosion so that the practices are effective as they are designed. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) were developed to estimate potential soil erosion and many Geographic Information System (GIS) models employ USLE to estimate soil erosion. Sediment Assessment Tool for Effective Erosion Control (SATEEC) is one of the models, the model provided several opportunities to consider various watershed peculiarities such as breaking of slope length, monthly variation of rainfall, crop growth at agricultural fields, etc. SATEEC is useful to estimate soil erosion, however the model can be implemented with ArcView software that is no longer used or hard to use currently. Therefore SATEEC based on ArcView was rebuild for the ArcGIS software with all modules provided at the previous version. The rebuilt SATEEC, ArcSATEEC, was programmed in ArcPy and works as ArcGIS Toolset and allows considering monthly variations of rainfall and crop growth at any watershed in South-Korea. ArcSATEEC was applied in Daecheong-dam watershed in this study, monthly soil erosion was estimated with monthly rainfall and crop growth variation. Annual soil erosion was computed by summing monthly soil erosion and was compared to the conventional approach to estimate annual soil erosion. The annual soil erosion estimated by the conventional approach and by summing monthly approach did not display much differences, however, ArcSATEEC was capable to provide monthly variation of soil erosion.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.494-500
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• 2006

전과정평가는 평가대상제품을 만들기 위한 원료물질의 채취, 운반, 제조, 사용 그리고 폐기단계에서 발생되는 환경부하를 정량화하고, 이들 각 단계에서의 환경에 미치는 영향을 평가하는 과정으로 이루어진다. 전과정평가 결과의 신뢰도를 높이기 위해서는 폐기단계에 있어서도, 다른 공정과 마찬가지로 신뢰성 있는 데이터가 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 PC(Personal Computer, 이하 PC로 표기) 폐기단계에서의 경로를 파악하였으며, 이를 토대로 부품을 재사용하는 경우와 재사용하지 않는 경우의 두 가지 시나리오를 구성한 후, 이에 대한 전과정 목록분석을 수행하였다. 이와 더불어 전과정 영향평가 기법을 통해 PC 폐기단계의 8개 영향범주에 대한 환경성 평가를 수행하여 주요 환경적 이슈를 규명하였다. 본 연구를 통해 PC 폐기단계가 가장 영향을 크게 미치는 범주는 두 개의 시나리오 모두에서 오존층고갈이었고, 폐기되는 합성수지의 소각에서 발생하는 $Cl_2$ 때문이었다. 또한 두 시나리오의 환경성을 평가한 결과 부품을 재사용하는 경우가 재사용하지 않는 경우보다 환경적으로 건전한 것으로 평가되었다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2012

"Great things in business are never done by one person; they're done by a team of people." By Steve Jobs, 2003. As define by Linda Naiam - Creativity is the act of turning new and imaginative ideas into reality. Creativity involves two processes: thinking, then producing. Innovation is the production or implementation of an idea. If you have ideas, but don't act on them, you are imaginative but not creative. So in order to maintain the pace with the changing business scenario and coping with the competition Innovation and Creativity is considered a mandatory tool for a business to exist and grow in market. Whether a company is Employee centric or Business centric Innovation and creativity has to have its space in order to keep a business ahead of others in the Market. Also it's not just the competition which has led to the Innovation and Creativity in Business practices it's also the demanding chunk of consumers and customers who are aware and prefer maximum choices before making a final deal. Another reason as to why there is a change in business practices is the globalization of businesses where you need to rope in the Innovative ideas to launch and sustain in new market. There had been tremendous shift in business practices but to give a room to innovative ideas and implement that creativity need ample to space and vision along with an attitude where in you can resist for getting an immediate results from innovative business practices. Corporate Creativity is characterized by the ability to perceive the world in new ways, to find hidden patterns, to make connections between seemingly unrelated phenomena, and to generate solutions. Generating fresh solutions to problems, and the ability to create new products, processes or services for a changing market, are part of the intellectual capital that give a company its competitive edge. Creativity is a crucial part of the innovation equation. The innovation and creativity is not limited to any area of business, it can start from your waiting lounge to your board room meeting depending upon how the things are perceived and implemented for the betterment of people and business. The purpose of this research is to understand the latest creative business approaches and practices that organizations are following to be different from their competitors. Also this shift from generic business practices to the Innovative and Creative approach seems to take the business into new world. This approaches means starting from the bottom of the Pyramid and finally touching the pinnacles in Innovation and creativity. The paper will discuss on the various areas of business where in innovative approaches can be roped in and sets new bench mark altogether in the business arena.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.386-394
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• 2002

패류 양식 해역의 서식 환경과 양식 생물간의 상호 관계를 파악하고 지속적인 생산 방안을 위하여 굴 성장과 관련된 생리 대사 과정인 섭이, 소화, 배설, 호홉 등의 제 인자를 수식화하여 기존에 개발된 생태계모델 (EUTRP2)에 연계하여 환경용량 산정 모델을 구축하였다. 구축된 모델이 굴 성장과 서식환경과의 상호관계를 재현함에 있어 타당성 여부를 검정한 결과, 굴 성장에 따른 서식환경 중 식물플랑크톤 현존량이 감소하고 영양염 농도가 증가하는것으로 보아, 패류양식해역의 생태계 환경관리를 위한 도구로 사용할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고, 생태계 구성 요소에 영향을 미치는 생물 인자에 대한 민감도 분석 결과, 구성 요소들은 식물플랑크톤의 증식 속도와 높은 민감도를 보였고, 굴 성장의 경우 동물플랑크톤 최대 섭이 속도와는 민감도가 낮은 반면, 식물플랑크톤 증식 속도, 사멸 속도와 굴의 먹이 흡수 효율에 매우 민감하였다.