• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제24권65호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2001

In this paper, we consider an inventory system in case the toleration to be inventory stortage under the price discount. It has been observed that suppliers suggest a free addition of marketing policy like a price discount. A major reason for a supplier to offering a free addition to a customers is to stimulate the demand and to decrease a total cost. but, If we not adapting to the toleration to be inventory-lacking, we will a burden holding costs in a relation to the holding of inventory. This paper, is a combination of the toleration of inventory shortage and the condition of discount price. The costs are defined as the sum of the ordering, holding, shortage, purchasing and opportunity costs. Based on numerical results, conclusions follow about the total of operation costs the division of the shortage rate of inventory.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.904-914
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• 2008

An action-selection-mechanism(ASM) has been proposed to work as a fully connected finite state machine to deal with sequential behaviors as well as to allow a state in the task program to migrate to any state in the task, in which a primitive node in association with a state and its transitional conditions can be easily inserted/deleted. Also, such a primitive node can be learned by a shortest path-finding-based reinforcement learning technique. Specifically, we define a behavioral motivation as having state-dependent value as a primitive node for action selection, and then sequentially construct a network of behavioral motivations in such a way that the value of a parent node is allowed to flow into a child node by a releasing mechanism. A vertical path in a network represents a behavioral sequence. Here, such a tree for our proposed ASM can be newly generated and/or updated whenever a new behavior sequence is learned. To show the validity of our proposed ASM, experimental results of a mobile robot performing the task of pushing- a- box-in to- a-goal(PBIG) will be illustrated.

• Architectural research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2008

Construction projects have frequently exceeded their schedule despite reliable estimates at the start of a project. This problem was attributed to unpredictable causes at the beginning and to shortage of proper tools to accurately predict project completion date. To supplement this difficulty, project managers need a comprehensive system that can be employed to monitor the progress of an ongoing project and to evaluate potential delay for achieving the goal on time. This paper proposed a progressive-based expert system for quantitative assessments of project delay at the early stages of the execution. Furthermore, the system is used to inspect the change of the uncertainty on completion date and its magnitude. The proposed expert system is helpful for furnishing project managers a warning signal as a project is going behind schedule and for tracking the changed uncertainty at a desired confidence level. The main objectives of this paper are to offer a new system to overcome the difficulties of conventional forecasting tools and to apply a construction project into the system to illustrate its effectiveness. This paper focuses on construction phase of project development and is intended for the use by project managers.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.400-407
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• 2013

21C modern society is a time when enough design to dominate the world, a unique design is required new in all aspects. In addition, there is a religion to the best of Zen art. In our cultural heritage with a ethnicity unique unparalleled in the world, and a new recognition of traditional culture and identity of its own in our country, lattice door flower temple the beauty of Korea in the way you tell, it was modernized by interpreting a new one to utilize as a design element of a wood lattice door flower temple. In this study, to re-appear in openwork having regard to the symbolism of pattern and shape of the lattice door flower temple molding properties were highlighted, change the part of the motif, repeated the curve geometric has been designed to simplify as. As a result, it is possible to present the possibility of a design element that can design a traditional Korean is reinterpreted Modern thereby simplify the repetitive element of the related art, for a new aesthetic changes unique. Design Development of wood with a Buddhist temple flower lattice modern re-interpretation, it suits while a strong indication Korea imagery and expressed a variety of needs and personality to the design elements that are competitive in the world the cage, and design of wood, various studies competitive on to be applied to each field is required.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2011

Hanok with a long tradition in our country, but a significant period of modernization in the process of being cut off did not have continuity. Many of Hanok aging, according to the rapid residential development and life-changing was the subject of a complaint. Conversely, the benefits of Hanok was given to the advantages that compare to a monotonous mass housing of apartments. Despite these changes and the potential of these social needs and demands Hanok quickly did not respond: First, for the life of contemporary and traditional Hanok with a form of gap is a matter of space and style. Economy and lifestyle $20,000 for the era of Hanok was to develop a model for spatial configurations. Second, Hanok in a low density, is evaluated to aging, because increasing the economic utilization of land and tailored to their needs as a Hanok housing requires the development of a model, but this did not present a layered model. The purpose of this study is a modern residential Hanok persistence of this set to have 1) the spatial characteristics of traditional and modern urban life Hanok living space that meets the requirements of the degree of each other, to find sustainable elements, and 2) these demands the modern residential area type, combined with a set of Hanok 3) Korea Hanok cultural characteristics which set is created to residential housing types is to develop a basic research.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2022

Purpose: Research on the intention to choose a university has an important role for universities in enrollment. The information element is considered essential to help students have specific information before making their decisions. However, how to distribute this information appropriately is an issue that needs to be studied. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the influence of information distribution on intention to choose a university. Research design, data, and methodology: The study showed a survey on 259 samples from first-year students at public universities in Vietnam. PLS-SEM model was performed to find out the relationship between information distribution and intention to choose a university. Result: The results show that information quality and information helpfulness positively impact on attitudes towards universities. Attitude towards university has a positive effect on the intention to choose a university. Conclusion: From the results of this study, the authors also make some recommendations to help universities have good communication policies to improve their ability to attract students to choose a university. Quality and helpful information will help universities to be able to attract students more effectively to enroll based on an effective communication strategy.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 1990

This research was to investigate and study on 92 Dental Technicians who had had some experience of working or being employed at dental craft-shops or craft-rooms in Seoul area and had transferred to other types of occupation, with regard to their reasons for changing their profession. For an approach to the study, some questionnaires and interview including 3 aspects of in quiriesmental, economic and social backgrounds-were administered, and major findings are as follows ; 1. The ages in which transferring to other kinds of job happened occurred mostly from 20 to 30(78.26%) an a group of subjects whose ages ranged from 20 to 30 years old. And, with regard to their experience of working or being employed at dental craft-shops or craftrooms, the transfer of their profession to the other kinds mosty happened in a group of subjects(94.56%) whose experience of working in the dental field is less than 4 years. 2. The reason of transfer with reference to the mental background was mostly mattered in a group that expressed "Excessive Work Duties"(34.78%), and most lowly mattered in a group of subjets who had "Certain Relations with Dentists"(8.70%). Thus, it appeared that the biggest reason of transfer by the mental background was, due to the excessive duty work, not to have Sufficient time to be usualized by dental technicians for their own purpose. 3. With reference to the economical background, a group that declared there was "No Wage Standards in Ratio to Their Labor" was the most in the separation rate as shown 45.56%. And, a group suspecting "No Guarantee for Their Living after Retirement" Showed a separation rate, 9.78%. In other words, the reason for transfer was that they did not receive due wage according to their amount of labor. 4. With reference to the social background, a group making a subject for no good working environments or conditions had a separation rate, 41.30%, which was the most among others, and a group with a subject of "The Rarity of Employment because of Excessive Supply of Dental Technicians" had the rate, 10.87%, which was the lowest. This meant that the major cause of transfer by the social background was a phenomenon for dental technicans to escape from unclean working places.

• 영어영문학
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.539-565
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• 2009

T. S. Eliot attempted the combining of the liturgy of Anglican Church and a drama in Murder in the Cathedral (1935) and created a modern verse drama which comes most close to the regular tragedy like Greek tragedy today. Eliot chose the drama to deliver his religious insight because of its ritualistic origin and its potentiality to deliver a dramatic world which can contain a complete order. The central theme of this play is the martyrdom. The dramatic action of killing the archbishop Thomas Beckett in this play, however, is not treated as important event enough to be a dramatic climax. He is portrayed as a witness to the reality of God's will rather than a man who wills to give up his own life for any religious belief or cause. In Eliot, a martyr is nothing but "a witness" in its ancient sense. This paper purposes to review the language of this play. The various and new meters and rhythms of the language of this play function enough to bring its playwright to encounter 'the real audience' in 'a living theatre'. The interactions between different verbal models also play a big role to make this play a living theatre. Eliot found the poetry which crosses the various classes and levels of the tastes of audience is the most useful poetry. And the poetry of this play proves as the very thing which intensifies the theme of the play and gives the most powerful force to the play. Especially Eliot's poetry succeeds smost in the various and free meters of chorus, which makes Eliot the first playwright since Aeschylus, who could bring the chorus to undertake the function of extending the dramatic action of the play into the universal meaning. In the theatre the real audience identifies themselves with chorus. And the chorus leads the audience to respond to peace which passeth understanding beyond words and sounds of this play, which is the desired response in Eliot's conception of drama.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.133-158
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to try to date the letters of Lady Susan and to find out which year's calender Jane Austen used to write the novel. The novel in forty-one letters with a brief narrated conclusion was transcribed as a fair copy by Jane Austen around 1805. However, no conclusive evidence for a precise date of composition exists, as only the fair copy survives. There is a watermark of 1805 on two leaves of the surviving manuscript of the transcribed copy. This indicates the period of the work's transcription but it does not indicate when it was first composed beyond suggesting that it was completed sometime before 1805. In the novel itself Jane Austen marked time sufficiently and frequently enough to allow us to follow it precisely. This strongly suggests that Jane Austen used a calender to write letters of the novel, even though dates and days were not given to the letters. To determine the most probable date of the calender is significant because it can be a clue to clarify when the novel was composed originally. Many words and phrases pointing to specific days or periods are mentioned in almost all the letters of the novel. From the words and phrases, a potential date to each letter can be successfully deduced and a potential possible calender for the novel can be made. In the end, all attempts to determine the authentic calender used for the novel fail. The main reason for the failure is that discovering clues to a specific authentic date to each letter proves internally impossible. Composition date of the novel still remains as a challenge requiring further study.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.494-496
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• 2013

Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) is a systematic optimization process that allows users to compare different alternatives and to determine if a project is a solid investment. Many state DOTs have included CBA in their pavement management systems (PMSs) to help allocate state funds for maintenance, rehabilitation, resurfacing, and reconstruction of pavements. In a typical CBA, each pavement type has an assigned weight factor which represents the level of importance of this pavement type. To conduct an accurate CBA, it is essential to select appropriate weight factors. Arbitrarily assigning weights factors to pavements can lead to biased and inaccurate funding allocation decisions. The purpose for this paper is to outline a method to develop an ideal set of weight factors that can be utilized to conduct more accurate CBA. To this end, a matrix of all possible weight factors sets was developed. CBA was conducted for each set of weight factors to obtain a population of possible optimization solutions. Then a regression analysis was performed to establish the relationship between benefit and weight factors. Finally, a multi-objective genetic algorithm was applied to select the optimal set of weight factors. The findings from this study can be used by state DOTs to strategically manage their roadway systems in a cost effective manner.