• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.637-643
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• 2004

A new method of automatic recording raingauge is developed to measure rainfall with 0.01mm resolution. This use two different signals to measure rainfall more accurately compare than other raingauges. One is weight of the tipping bucket with rainfall amount and the other is pulse from tipping bucket reverse. New method applied 1 mm tipping bucket mechanism and install loadcell under tipping bucket mechanism for measuring rainfall weight. Loadcell measure weight of rainfall until 1 mm with 0.01 mm resolution and more than 1 mm than bucket reverse and pulse signal generate, after that loadcell measure weight again. The validation of new instrument was examined in the room 65 mm/hour rainfall rate total 53 mm range. There is below than 1 % error of absolute rainfall amount and 0.01 mm resolution. The field test of instrument was carried out by comparing its measured values with values recorded by weight type and standard type on June 1 2003 at Terrestrial Environmental Research Center at Tsukuba University in Tsukuba of Japan, when it has recorded total amount of 40.58 mm rainfall by standard raingauge and new raingauge recorded 41.032 mm. Same rainfall intensity pattern observed in field observation with weight type raingauge. Rainfall intensity between weight type and Lee-A type raingauge reached 0.9947 correlation in 3 minute average.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07d
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• pp.2507-2509
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• 2005

Because the rain gauges of tipping bucket type can easily use the digital signal, the rain gauges are widely used for the meteorological observation. In general, the resolution of rain gauges of tipping bucket type can be categorized by the 0.1mm, 0.5mm, and 1.0mm classes. But, the error of the tipping bucket rain gauges is made by the intensity of rainfalls and is expected to make the standard calibration method for error measurement. Thus, we developed the hardware of standard calibration facility for rain gauges by weighting measurement method and proposed the standard procedure by rainfall intensity in this study. Also, we calculated the error for the rainfall intensity and obtained useful result through the proposed calibration method.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.2468-2473
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• 2005

Because the rain gauges of tipping bucket type can easily use the digital signal, the rain gauges are widely used for the meteorological observation. In general, the resolution of rain gauges of tipping bucket type can be categorized by the 0.1mm, 0.5mm, and 1.0mm classes. But, the error of the tipping bucket rain gauges is made by the intensity of rainfalls and is expected to make the standard calibration method for error measurement. Thus, we developed the hardware of standard calibration facility for rain gauges by weighting measurement method and proposed the standard procedure by rainfall intensity in this study Also, we calculated the error for the rainfall intensity and obtained useful result through the proposed calibration method.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2008

Rainfall data from three different types of rain gauge system have been collected for the summertime rain event at Mokpo in the Korean peninsula. The rain gauge system considered in this paper is composed of three tipping-bucket rain gauges with 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 mm measuring resolutions, the Optical Rain Gauge (ORG), and the PARSIVEL (PARticle SIze and VELocity). The PARSIVEL rainfall rate has been considered as the reference for comparison since it gave good resolution and performance on this event. Comparison with the PARSIVEL rainfall rate gives the results that the error and temporal variation of rainfall rate are simultaneously reduced with increasing the averaging interval of rainfall rate or decreasing the size of tipping bucket. This suggests that the estimated rainfall rate must be optimized, differently for the type of tipping-bucket rain gages, by minimizing the averaging interval of rainfall rate under the condition satisfying the given performance of rainfall rate.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.818-823
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• 2006

Because the rain gauges of tipping bucket type can easily use the digital signal, the rain gauges are widely used for the meteorological observation. In general, the resolution of rain gauges of tipping bucket type can be categorized by the 0.1mm, 0.5mm, and 1.0mm classes. But, the error of the tipping bucket rain gauges is made by the intensity of rainfalls and is expected to make the standard calibration method for error measurement. Thus, we developed the hardware of standard calibration facility for rain gauges by weighting measurement method and proposed the standard procedure by rainfall intensity in this study Also, we calculated the uncertainty for the rainfall intensity and obtained useful result through the proposed calibration method.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.334-334
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• 2022

Improvement of old-fashioned rain gauge systems for automatic, timely, continuous, and accurate precipitation observation is highly essential for weather/climate prediction and natural hazards early warning, since the occurrence frequency and intensity of heavy and extreme precipitation events (especially floods) are recently getting more increase and severe worldwide due to climate change. Although rain gauge accuracy of 0.1 mm is recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the traditional rain gauges in both weighting and tipping bucket types are often unable to meet that demand due to several existing technical limitations together with higher production and maintenance costs. Therefore, we aim to introduce a newly developed and cost-effective hybrid rain gauge system at 0.1 mm accuracy that combines advantages of weighting and tipping bucket types for continuous, automatic, and accurate precipitation observation, where the errors from long-term load cells and external environmental sources (e.g., winds) can be removed via an automatic drainage system and artificial intelligence-based data quality control procedure. Our rain gauge system consists of an instrument unit for measuring precipitation, a communication unit for transmitting and receiving measured precipitation signals, and a database unit for storing, processing, and analyzing precipitation data. This newly developed rain gauge was designed according to the weather instrument criteria, where precipitation amounts filled into the tipping bucket are measured considering the receiver's diameter, the maximum measurement of precipitation, drainage time, and the conductivity marking. Moreover, it is also designed to transmit the measured precipitation data stored in the PCB through RS232, RS485, and TCP/IP, together with connecting to the data logger to enable data collection and analysis based on user needs. Preliminary results from a comparison with an existing 1.0-mm tipping bucket rain gauge indicated that our developed rain gauge has an excellent performance in continuous precipitation observation with higher measurement accuracy, more correct precipitation days observed (120 days), and a lower error of roughly 27 mm occurred during the measurement period.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.935-942
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• 2018

Precipitation has a wide range of applications, such as the management and operation of dams and rivers, supply of dranking water for urban and industrial complex, farming and fishing, forest greening, and safety management. In order to prepare for disasters and to obtain economical effects in case of flood damage, it is necessary to measure accurate precipitation. In this study, we carried out the characteristics tests for various types of rainfall gauge using integrated verification system, which can analyze the performance of collective type rainfall gauge. The uncertainty for tipping bucket rain gauge was 0.0041 mm, where weight type and surface tension type was 0.0045 mm and 0.0039 mm respectively. Therefore, the uncertainty according to the type and characteristics of the precipitation system is not significantly different. The uncertainty is also influenced greatly by the resolution.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.595-597
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• 2018

Precipitation has a wide range of applications, such as the management and operation of dams and rivers, supply of dranking water for urban and industrial complex, farming and fishing, forest greening, and safety management. In order to prepare for disasters and to obtain economical effects in case of flood damage, it is necessary to measure accurate precipitation. In this study, we carried out the characteristics tests for various types of rainfall gauge using integrated verification system, which can analyze the performance of collective type rainfall gauge. The uncertainty for tipping bucket rain gauge was 0.2887 mm. Therefore, it can be seen that the uncertainty is calculated differently depending on the characteristics of the rainfall gauges. The uncertainty is also influenced greatly by the resolution.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.309-324
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• 2002

국내의 경우 관개용수의 대부분은 벼생육을 위한 논의 관개응수로 사용되고있다. 농업용수 이용은 약 150억㎥/year, 이는 하천유지수량을 제외한 전체 물이용량 237억㎥/year의 약 63%에 해당한다. 최근 물절약은 가장 중요한 사회, 경제적인 이슈 중의 하나로 인식되고 있다. 그러나, 국내의 경우 관개효율은 여전히 낮아 약 35%의 관개용수가 손실되는 것으로 추정되고있다. 비록 관개에서의 물절약이 시급한 문제이기는 하지만 용수손실 원인에 따른 손실량에 대한 정량적인 연구가 행해지지 않았었다. 손실 원인에 따른 손실량을 계측하기 위한 시험지구로 경기 평택의 이동지구를 선정하였다. 시험지구의 주수원공으로는 유역면적 9,440ha, 관개면적 2,027ha인 이동저수지이며 상류유역에 미산 및 용덕저수지가 위치하고 관개지구내에 원암 및 은산양수장이 있다. 시험지구의 계측시설은 강우량 계측을 위하여 자기강우계를 설치하였고 저수위, 하천수위 및 응배수로의 수위 측정을 위하여 수위계를 설치하였다. 강우계는 4개소에 설치되었으며 수위계는 26개소에 설치되었다 강우계는 지구내의 저수지 및 양수장 관리사 부근 4개소에 전도형 자기우량계를 설치하였다. 수위계 26개소 중에서 저수지의 저수위 계측지점이 3개소이며 하천수위 계측지점이 2개소 그리고 용배수로의 간선수로 시점부와 간지선 분기점 등의 주요지점에 21개소의 계측지점이 있다. 모든 계측지점의 계측기에는 자체 혹은 별도의 자료저장용 데이터로거가 부착되어 현장 계측자료를 저장하도록 설치 되어있다. 강우계는 전도형강우계(tipping bucket type)이며 수위계는 계측지점의 특징에 따라 여러종류의 수위계측기가 설치되었다 예를들어 초음파수위계(ultrasonic-wave type), 부표식수위계(float type) 그리고 압력식수위계(Pressure type)가 설치되어 있다. 현장 계측기의 전원은 한국전력 전원 혹은 태양전지 및 축전지를 사용하였다. 수위계측지점의 유량을 환산하기 위하여 계측지점의 단면조사와 유속측정을 통해서 수위-유량관계(rating curve)를 규명하였다. 시험지구의 관개효율 및 용수손실 규명 등에 관한 기본자료를 수집하기 위해서는 계측시스템의 운영은 장기간으로 지속 되어야 한다

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.2745-2752
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• 2013

The tipping-bucket and weight measuring type precipitation gauge has long been used worldwide for measuring rainfall. However, the conventional gauge has observation errors and its measurement range is limited by the device's resolution. In this paper, a new type of precipitation gauge that uses an innovative method by applying a new ultrasonic flow measuring technique was developed. This is the first time this technique is being used to gauge rainfall. The prototype was tested in the laboratory designated by the Korea Laboratory Accreditation Scheme (KOLAS). The rainfall intensity condition was 20~420 mm/H and the Standard Correction System for Precipitation Gauges was used. Results of the laboratory experiment showed that the proposed gauge has a ${\pm}2%$ margin of error. Consequently, it was proven that the proposed gauge is quite accurate and reliable for measuring precipitation.