• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.605-608
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• 2008

The preparation and characteristics of flexible indium tin oxide electrodes grown on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates using a specially designed roll-to-roll sputtering system for use in flexible optoelectronics In spite of low a PET substrate temperature, we can obtain the flexible electrode with a sheet resistance of 47.4 ohm/square and an average optical transmittance of 83.46 % in the green region of 500~550 nm wavelength. Both x-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis results showed that all flexible ITO electrodes grown on the PET substrate were an amorphous structure with a very smooth and featureless surface, regardless of the Ar/$O_2$ flow ratio due to the low substrate temperature, which is maintained by a cooling drum. In addition, the flexible ITO electrode grown on the Ar ion beam treated PET substrates showed more stable mechanical properties than the flexible ITO electrode grown on the wet cleaned PET substrate, due to an increased adhesion between the flexible ITO and the PET substrates.

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.47-47
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• 2000

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.507-513
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• 2018

This study investigates the viability of using a Na-ion battery with a tin(Sn) anode to mitigate the vulnerability caused by volume changes during discharge and charge cycling. In general, the volume changes of carbon material do not cause any instability during intercalation into its layer structure. Sn has a high theoretical capacity of $847mAh\;g^{-1}$. However, it expands dramatically in the discharge process by alloying Na-Sn, placing the electrode under massive internal stress, and particularly straining the binder over the elastic limit. The repeating strain results in loss of active material and its electric contact, as well as capacity decrease. This paper expands the scope of fabrication of Na-ion batteries with Sn by fabricating the binder as an auxetic structure with a unique feature: a negative Poisson ratio (NPR), which increases the resistance to internal stress in the Na-Sn alloying/de-alloying processes. Electrochemical tests and micrograph images of auxetic and common binders are used to compare dimensional and structural differences. Results show that the capacity of an auxetic-structured Sn electrode is much larger than that of a Sn electrode with a common-structured binder. Furthermore, using an auxetic structured Sn electrode, stability in discharge and charge cycling is obtained.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.462-469
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• 2021

Tin/graphite composites are prepared as anode materials for Li-ion batteries using a dry ball-milling process. The main experimental variables in this work are the ball milling time (0-8 h) and composition ratio (tin:graphite=5:95, 15:85, and 30:70 w/w) of graphite and tin powder. For comparison, a tin/graphite composite is prepared using wet ball milling. The morphology and structure of the different tin/graphite composites are investigated using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties of the samples are also examined. The optimal dry ball milling time for the uniform mixing of graphite and tin is 6 h in a graphite-30wt.%Sn sample. The electrode prepared from the composite that is dry-ball-milled for 6 h exhibits the best cycle performance (discharge capacity after 50^th cycle: 308 mAh/g and capacity retention: 46%). The discharge capacity after the 50^th cycle is approximately 112 mAh/g, higher than that when the electrode is composed of only graphite (196 mAh/g after 50^th cycle). This result indicates that it is possible to manufacture a tin/graphite composite anode material that can effectively buffer the volume change that occurs during cycling, even using a simple dry ball-milling process.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.227-231
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• 2005

We have developed a microsystem with a capillary electrophoresis (CE) and an electrochemical detector (ECD). The microfabricated CE-ECD systems are adequate for a disposable type and the characteristics are optimized for an application to the electrochemical detection. The system was realized with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-glass chip and indium tin oxide electrode. The injection and separation channels (80 um wide$\ast$40 um deep) were produced by moulding a PDMS against a microfabricated master with relatively simple and inexpensive methods. A CE-ECD systems were fabricated on the same substrate with the same fabrication procedure. The surface of PDMS layer and ITO-coated glass layer was treated with UV-Ozone to improve bonding strength and to enhance the effect of electroosmotic flow. For comparing the performance of the ITO electrodes with the gold electrodes, gold electrode microchip was fabricated with the same dimension. The running buffer was prepared by 10 mM 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) titrated to PH 6.5 using 0.1 N NaOH. We measured olectropherograms for the testing analytes consisted of catechol and dopamine with the different concentrations of 1 mM and 0.1 mM, respectively. The measured current peaks of dopamine and catechol are proportional to their concentrations. For comparing the performance of the ITO electrodes with the gold electrodes, electropherograms was measured for CE-ECD device with gold electrodes under the same conditions. Except for the base current level, the performances including sensitivity, stability, and resolution of CE-ECD microchip with ITO electrode are almost the same compared with gold electrode CE-ECD device. The disposable CE/ECD system showed similar results with the previously reported expensive system in the limit of detection and peak skew. When we are using disposable microchips, it is possible to avoid polishing electrode and reconditioning.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.61-72
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• 2022

We investigated the electrochemical behavior of Sn (93.0 %)-Ag (4.06 %)-Cu (0.89 %) during electrolysis of Pb-free solder waste to recover tin and silver. A thin strip of the solder waste produced by high-temperature melting and casting was used as a working electrode to perform electrochemical analysis. During anodic polarization, the current peak of an active region decreased with an increase in the concentration of sulfuric acid used as an electrolyte. This resulted in the electro-dissolution of the working electrode in the electrolyte (1.0 molL^-1 sulfuric acid) for a constant current study. The study revealed that the thickening of an anode slime layer at the working surface continuously increased the electrode potential of the working electrode. At 10 mAcm^-2, the dissolution reaction continued for 25 h. By contrast, at 50 mAcm^-2, a sharp increase in the electrode potential stopped the dissolution in 2.5 h. During dissolution, silver enrichment in the anode slime reached 94.3% in the 1 molL^-1 sulfuric acid electrolyte containing a 0.3 molL^-1 chlorine ion, which was 12.7% higher than that without chlorine addition. Moreover, the chlorine enhanced the stability of the dissolved tin ions in the electrolyte as well as the current efficiency of tin electro-deposition at the counter electrode.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2011

A nano-porous structure of tin oxide was prepared using an anodic oxidation process and the sample's electrochemical properties were evaluated for application as an anode in a rechargeable lithium battery. Microscopic images of the as-anodized sample indicated that it has a nano-porous structure with an average pore size of several tens of nanometers and a pore wall size of about 10 nanometers; the structural/compositional analyses proved that it is amorphous stannous oxide (SnO). The powder form of the as-anodized specimen was satisfactorily lithiated and delithiated as the anode in a lithium battery. Furthermore, it showed high initial reversible capacity and superior rate performance when compared to previous fabrication attempts. Its excellent electrode performance is probably due to the effective alleviation of strain arising from a cycling-induced large volume change and the short diffusion length of lithium through the nano-structured sample. To further enhance the rate performance, the attempt was made to create porous tin oxide film on copper substrate by anodizing the electrodeposited tin. Nevertheless, the full anodization of tin film on a copper substrate led to the mechanical disintegration of the anodic tin oxide, due most likely to the vigorous gas evolution and the surface oxidation of copper substrate. The adhesion of anodic tin oxide to the substrate, together with the initial reversibility and cycling stability, needs to be further improved for its application to high-power electrode materials in lithium batteries.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.38-43
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• 2018

In this study, using electro-refining process and methane gas reduction, we performed studying the recovery of tin with high purity from waste tin oxide had used as a electrode rod of ceramic furnace which occurred during glass production process. We recovered the crude tin of 99% purity from a methane gas reduction process and controlled a little amount of impurities. When the electrolytic refining condition was a current density of $60A/dm^2$ and the sulfuric acid concentration of 0.75 mol, 96.8% of recovered tin (99.979% of purity) were recovered during the electrolytic refining. We confirmed that toxic impurities such as Pb, Sb included in electrode rod. could be controlled.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2022

Graphene has a large surface area to volume ratio and good mechanical and electrical property and biocompatibility. This study described the electrochemical deposition and reduction of graphene oxide on the surface of indium tin oxide (ITO) glass slide and electrochemical characterization of graphen-modified ITO. Cyclic voltammetry was used for the deposition and reduction of graphene oxide. The surface of graphen-coated ITO was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispesive X-ray spectroscopy. The electrodes were evaluated by performing cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The number of cycles and scan rate greatly influenced on the coverage and the degree of reduction of graphene oxide, thus affecting the electrochemical properties of electrodes. Modification of ITO with graphene generated higher current with lower charge transfer resistance at the electrode-electrolyte interface. Glucose oxidase was immobilized on the graphene-modified ITO and has been found to successfully generate electrons by oxidizing glucose.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.267-270
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• 2006

The Indium tin oxide (ITO) films were deposited on CR39 substrate using DC magnetron sputtering. ITO thin films deposited at room temperature because CR39 substrates its glass-transition temperature of is $130^{\circ}C$. ITO thin films used bottom and top electrode and for organic thin film transparent transistor.(OTFT) ITO thin film electrodes electrical properties and optical transparency properties in the visible wavelength range (300 - 800 nm) strongly dependent on volume of oxygen percent. For the optimum resistivity and transparency of ITO thin film electrode achieved with a 75 W plasma power, 10 % volume of oxygen and a 27 nm/min deposition rate. Above 85 % transparency in the visible wavelength range (300 - 800 nm) measured without post annealing process and $9.83{times}10{-4}{\Omega}cm$ a low resistivity was measured thickness of 300 nm.