• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.485-492
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• 1994

Trajectory tracking control porblems are described for a two-link robot manipulator with artificial rubber muscle actuators. Under the assumption that the so-called independent joint control is applied to the control system, the dynamic model for each link is identified as a linear second-order system with time-lag by the step response. Two control laws such as the feedforward and the computed torque control methods, are experimentally applied for controlling the circular trajectory of an actual robot mainpulator.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.21-34
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• 2013

Various risk factors affect construction projects. Due to the uncertainties created by risk factors, actual activity durations frequently deviate from the estimated durations in either favorable or adverse direction. For this reason, evaluation of schedule uncertainty is required to make decisions accurately when managing construction projects. In this regard, this paper presents a new computer simulation model - the Repetitive Schedule Risk Analysis Model (RSRAM) - to evaluate unit-based repetitive building project schedules under uncertainty when activity durations and risk factors are correlated. The proposed model utilizes Monte Carlo Simulation and a Critical Path Method based repetitive scheduling procedure. This new procedure concurrently provides the utilization of resources without interruption and the maintenance of network logic through successive units. Furthermore, it enables assigning variable production rates to the activities from one unit to another and any kind of relationship type with or without lag time. Details of the model are described and an example application is presented. The findings show that the model produces realistic results regarding the extent of uncertainty inherent in the schedule.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.850-855
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• 2005

Model was developed to predict the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in raw pork. Experiment condition for model development was full 5-by-7 factorial arrangements of temperature (0, 5, 10, 15, and $20^{\circ}C$) and time (0, 1, 2, 3, 18, 48, and 120 hr). Gompertz values A, C, B, and M, and growth kinetics, exponential growth rate (EGR), generation time (GT), lag phase duration (LPD), and maximum population density (MPD) were calculated based on growth increased data. GT and LPD values gradually decreased, whereas EGR value gradually increased with increasing temperature. Response surface analysis (RSA) was carried out using Gompertz B and M values, to formulate equation with temperature being main control factor. This equation was applied to Gompertz equation. Experimental and predictive values for GT, LPD, and EGR, compared using the model, showed no significant differences (p<0.01). Proposed model could be used to predict growth of microorganisms for exposure assessment of MRA, thereby allowing more informed decision-making on potential regulatory actions of microorganisms in raw pork.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 1992

A mathematical model, UNSATR which predicts the seepage flow through the body of dike especially under the tidal fluctuation has been developed. This model has been revised from UNSAT2 model which was developed on the basis of the saturated-unsaturated theory by Neuman. UNSATR has been verified and applied to the hydraulic model in order to estimated the seepage quantity, the formation of free water surface etc. The results lead to the following conclusions : 1. Seepage rates between the mathematical model and hydraulic model experiment are very similar to each other both in constant and transient water level conditions. 2. The lapsed time to be steady state of the free water surface becomes late as the tidal levels are relatively low mainly due to the seepage flow from the unsaturated zone of the body of dike. 3. Under the transient state of water levels, owing to the flow from the unsaturated domain, streamlines crossing to the free water surface are found and time lag during a falling tide may allow the free water surface inside the body of dike to stand at a high level than the outside water level. 4. The utility and validity of UNSATR model are convinced when the analyses on seepage problems through the porous embankment of the soil structures on the conditions of the steady and unsteady states are carried out.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.351-356
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• 2001

In this paper, a general one-loop control system was assumed as a model system which has a time-delay element connected with a first order-lag element in series. After the corresponding parameter set causing stability limit condition for the model system was obtained by mathematical procedures, their loci on the parameter space was taken according of frequency change,. The parameter set loci of stability limit showed a specific pattern, and particularly the curves on the Kp-Ti parameter space were able to generalized in the form of an exponential formula. These properties were also compared with the results taken from experimental procedures by Nyquist response method and Ziegler & Nichols method on the time domain, and both results were confirmed to be nearly same.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.35-46
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• 1999

Mathematical modeling provided a systematic analysis for the dynamic behavior of stock fluid in a paper machine pressurized headbox. Dynamic responses of liquid level, sheet basis weight and hydraulic pressure were predicted from the simulation model which represents the system. A unit step and asinusoidal wave load were considered as the input forcing functions in the headbox. Results are summarized as follows : 1. The dependence of sheet basis weight on liquid level in the pressurized-headbox was non -linear. 2. Liquid level in the head-box showed first-order lag with a unit step forcing to fluid input rate ; 3 . The amplitude of wave response of liquid level was inversely proportional to the time content for the sinusoidal input changes ; 4.Sheet basis weight showed second-order oscillating underamped responses for the step input load of flow rate ; 5. The damping factor in the second-order system was a function of air-pressure in the headbox ; and, 6. Dead-time existed in the measuring process for the headbox slice pressure.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.868-876
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• 1995

This study deals with a position control of an electro-hydraulic servo system which consist of cylinder and high speed on-off valves operated by microcomputer. The merits of PWM control of hydraulic equipment are the robustness of the high spee on-off valve, its low price and the direct control without D/A converter. In the PWM control of high speed on-off valve, the time lag and switching time existing between the input and output signals of valve are considered as demerit points. To get analytical results, the effects of these demerits have to be clarified in detail. The object of this study is to propose a mathematical model for the behavior of high speed on-off valve and to get analytical results of this system. The dynamic characteristics of this system is examined by digital computer simulation analytically and compared with experimental results to varify the proposed mathematical model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.135-142
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• 2000

The adjusting parameter set which enable control systems to locate on stability limit can be derived from theoretical or trial methods for an existing real system. The data from the results are much available to keep a system in the Proper stability condition even to site engineers who are inexperienced in the control system. In this paper, a general one loop control system was adopted for a model system the process of which was assumed to consist of a time-delay element and a first order-lag element in series. After obtaining the corresponding parameter set for the model system by mathematical procedures, their loci on the parameter space was taken according to frequency change. The parameter set loci of stability limit showed unique pattern, and particularity , the curves on the Kg-Ti parameter space were able to be generalized in the form of, an unique exponential formula. These properties were also compared with the results taken from experimental procedures by Nyquist response method and Ziegler & Nichols method on the time domain, and both results were confirmed to be nearly same.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.39 no.12 s.173
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• pp.997-1012
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• 2006

We have presented a nonparametric stochastic approach for the SOI(Southern Oscillation Index) series that used nonlinear methodology called Nonlinear AutoRegressive(NAR) based on conditional kernel density function and CAFPE(Corrected Asymptotic Final Prediction Error) lag selection. The fitted linear AR model represents heteroscedasticity, and besides, a BDS(Brock - Dechert - Sheinkman) statistics is rejected. Hence, we applied NAR model to the SOI series. We can identify the lags 1, 2 and 4 are appropriate one, and estimated conditional mean function. There is no autocorrelation of residuals in the Portmanteau Test. However, the null hypothesis of normality and no heteroscedasticity is rejected in the Jarque-Bera Test and ARCH-LM Test, respectively. Moreover, the lag selection for conditional standard deviation function with CAFPE provides lags 3, 8 and 9. As the results of conditional standard deviation analysis, all I.I.D assumptions of the residuals are accepted. Particularly, the BDS statistics is accepted at the 95% and 99% significance level. Finally, we split the SOI set into a sample for estimating themodel and a sample for out-of-sample prediction, that is, we conduct the one-step ahead forecasts for the last 97 values (15%). The NAR model shows a MSEP of 0.5464 that is 7% lower than those of the linear model. Hence, the relevance of the NAR model may be proved in these results, and the nonparametric NAR model is encouraging rather than a linear one to reflect the nonlinearity of SOI series.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2017

This study analyzed the peak drought severity and drought duration of the Cheongmicheon watershed from 1985 to 2015 to assess the lag time of peak drought severity between several drought indices. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) based on precipitation and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) based on precipitation and evapotranspiration were applied as meteorological drought indices. Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) based on runoff data was applied as hydrological drought index. In case of SDI, we used Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for simulation of daily runoff data. As a result, the time of peak drought severity of SDI occurred after the occurrence of SPI and SPEI. The lag time for the peak drought severity, on average, between SDI and SPI was 0.59 months while SDI and SPEI was 0.79 months. As compared with SDI, the maximum delay was 2 months for both SPI and SPEI. This study results also shows that even though the rainfall events were able to cope with meteorological droughts, they were not always available to solve the hydrological droughts in the same time.