• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2017

Most of weapon systems use aided navigation system which integrates inertial navigation and aiding sensors to compensate the INS errors increasing with the passage of time. Various aid sensors can be applied such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), radar, barometer, etc., but there might exist time delay caused by signal processing or transferring aid information. This time delay leads out-of-sequence measurements (OOSM) systems. Previously, optimal and suboptimal measurment update method for OOSM systems, where the time delay length are known, are proposed. However, previous algorithm does not guarantee the positive definite property of covariance matrix. In order to improve numerical stability for aided navigation using delayed-measurement, this paper proposes a new measurement covariance update algorithm be similar to Joseph-form in Kalman filter. Futhermore, we propose how to implement it in indirect feedback Kalman filter structure, which is commonly used in aided navigation systems, for time-delayed measurement systems. Simulation and vehicle test results show effectiveness of a proposed algorithm.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.792-799
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• 2008

Motion estimation is crucial in a remote control for its convenience or accuracy. Time delays, however, can occur in the problem because data communication is required through a network. In this paper, state estimation problem with uncertain time delayed measurements is addressed. In dynamic system with noise, after taking measurements, it often requires some time until that is available in the filter algorithm. Standard filters not considering this time delays cannot be used since the current measurement is related with a past state. These delayed measurements are solved with augmented extended Kalman filter, and the uncertainty of delayed time is also resolved based on an explicit formulation. The proposed method is analyzed and verified by simulations.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.355-363
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• 2007

The paper deals with the Kalman stochastic filtering problem for linear continuous-time systems with both instantaneous and time-delayed measurements. Different from the standard linear system, the system state is corrupted by multiplicative white noise, and the instantaneous measurement and the delayed measurement are also corrupted by multiplicative white noise. A new approach to the problem is presented by using projection formulation and reorganized innovation analysis. More importantly, the proposed approach in the paper can be applied to solve many complicated problems such as stochastic $H_{\infty}$ estimation, $H_{\infty}$ control stochastic system with preview and so on.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.106-112
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• 1999

This paper presents an H$\infty$ controller design method for linear systems with time-varying delayed states, inputs, and measurement outputs. Using a Lyapounov unctional , the stability for delay systems is discussed independently of time delays . And a sufficient condition for the existence of H$\infty$ controllers of n-th order is given in terms of three matrix inequalities. Based on the positive-definite solutions of their matrix inequalities, we briefly explain how to construct H$\infty$ construct H$\infty$ controller, which stabilizes time-delay systems independently of delays and guarantees an H$\infty$ norm bound.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.378-385
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• 2008

This paper aims to present a polynomial approach to the steady-state optimal filtering for delayed systems. The design of the steady-state filter involves solving one polynomial equation and one spectral factorization. The key problem in this paper is the derivation of spectral factorization for systems with delayed measurement, which is more difficult than the standard systems without delays. To get the spectral factorization, we apply the reorganized innovation approach. The calculation of spectral factorization comes down to two Riccati equations with the same dimension as the original systems.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.244-250
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• 2018

다변측정감시시스템은 탑재 트랜스폰더에서 전송되는 신호를 지상에 설치된 여러 수신기에서 획득하고 각각의 수신기의 신호 획득시간의 차를 이용하여 표적의 위치를 계산한다. TDOA(Time Difference Of Arrival) 계산 방법을 이용하는 다변측정감시시스템의 위치 정확도에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 요소 중 하나는 신호 입력 시각 측정 시 발생하는 오차이다. 수신기에서 신호 입력 시각을 측정할 경우 수신기의 기준 클럭을 이용하여 입력 신호를 샘플링하고 동일한 샘플링 레이트를 가지는 기준 샘플(Reference Sample)을 Cross Correlation 기법에 적용한다. 따라서 신호 입력 시각의 정밀도는 기준 클럭에 비례한다. 본 논문에서는 기준 샘플과 이를 샘플링 레이트보다 작은 시간으로 기준 샘플을 지연시킨 다수의 샘플(DRS, Delayed Reference Sample)을 수신기의 입력신호와 Cross Correlation을 수행하여 신호 입력 시각을 보다 정밀하게 측정하기 위한 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 이를 검증하기 위해 Matlab을 이용하여 타겟에서 송출하는 트랜스폰더의 펄스 신호를 구현하였으며 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안한 DRS와 입력신호와의 Cross Correlation을 수행하였다. 이 결과로 부터 신호 입력 시각 정밀 측정의 성능을 분석하였다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.373-381
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 저속 롤링하는 유도형 탄약 모사체가 시간 지연된 측정치를 획득하였을 때 시간지연을 고려하여 탄약의 롤각을 추정하는 방법을 다루며 비행 실험을 통해 이를 검증한 결과를 소개한다. 수치적 안정화 및 잡음 제거를 위해 저역 통과 필터와 같은 후처리를 거친 측정치의 시간지연 정도를 사전에 파악하여 시간 지연의 분포를 모델링하며 이 분포를 활용한 증강 상태 칼만필터를 설계한다. 비행 실험에서는 대형 고정익 항공기를 이용해 표고 약 250m의 고도에서 수평방향으로 28m/s의 속력으로 탄약을 투하하였으며 탄약 내부의 반동차를 이용해 탄체를 롤축 회전시켰다. 상용 GPS/INS의 롤값과 제안한 방법으로 추정한 롤값의 비교를 통해 측정치 시간 지연보상을 반영한 필터 설계가 유효함을 보인다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.250-262
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• 2007

Statement of problem: It was reported high success rate of implant-supported fixed prostheses using with $5{\sim}6$ implants on anterior mandible. Recently, immediate loading protocol was focused to overcome disadvantages of classic 2-stage delayed loading protocol. Purpose: This clinical study was to evaluate stability changes with time of immediately loaded and delayed loaded implants in edentulous mandible and to compare stability changes with time according to implantation sites. Materials and methods: Five or six implants were placed on anterior mandible depending on the arch shape. The immediately loading group was consisted of 8 patients received their prostheses within $24{\sim}48$ hours after implantation. The delayed loading group was consisted of 8 patients received their definitive prostheses following classical prosthetic procedures after a healing period of 3 months. All patients were recalled every 6 months for check-up. The evaluations of radiographic examination, ISQ value measurement and recording of complication were done. To evaluate marginal bone level, intraoral periapical radiographs were taken with long cone paralleling technique. At every evaluation recall, all prostheses were removed and ISQ values were measured with OsstellTM on individual implants. Results: 1. None of implants was failed. All implants showed stable marginal bone levels and ISQ values. 2. Marginal bone level changes with time showed statistically significant difference between immediately loading group and delayed loading group (P<0.001). 3. ISQ value changes with time did not show statistically significant difference between immediately loading group and delayed loading group (P=0.079). ISQ value decreased with time in both groups, however, all implants showed stable ISQ value at 30 months-recall evaluation. 4. Marginal bone level changes with time did not show statistically significant differences among implantation sites (P=0.604). 5. ISQ value changes with time showed statistically significant differences among implantation sites (P=0.047). ISQ values of most posterior implants decreased with time comparing to other implants. Conclusion: Although the marginal bone level of the terminal abutment didn't different with the other implants, ISQ value of the terminal abutment was lower than that of the other implants. Therefore, further clinical evaluation would be needed in this point of view.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.813-820
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• 2009

A rapid pneumatic transfer system (PTS) for an instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) is developed as an automatic irradiation facility involving the measurement of a short half-life nuclide and a delayed neutron counting system. Three new PTS designs with improved functions were constructed at the HANARO research reactor in 2006. The new system is composed of a manual system and an automatic system for both an INAA and a delayed neutron activation analysis (DNAA). The design and basic conception of a modified PTS are described, and the functions of system operation and control, radiation protection and emissions of radioactive gas are improved. In addition, a form of capsule transportation of these systems is tested. The experimental results pertaining to the irradiation characteristics with variation of the neutron flux and the temperature of the irradiation position with the irradiation time are presented, as is an analysis of the reference material for analytical quality control and uncertainty assessments.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.5789-5796
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• 2011

본 연구는 왼쪽 하퇴삼두근의 원심성 운동으로 인한 지연성 근통증에서 진동훈련의 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 이전에 규칙적인 하지 운동에 참여하지 않은 21명의 신체 건강한 남녀를 대상으로 진동훈련군과 대조군으로 나누었다. 통증척도, 발목 족저굴근의 근력, 하퇴삼두근의 둘레, 혈중 CK 수치를 원심성 운동전, 24시간, 48시간, 72시간 후에 측정하였다. 통증척도는 지연성 근통증 유발 후 48시 시점에 집단 간 유의한 차이를 보였고, 측정시기에 따라 집단 내 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 족저굴근의 근력은 진동훈련 집단 간의 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았으나, 측정시기에 따라 집단 내 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 하퇴삼두근 둘레는 진동훈련 집단 간 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았으나, 측정시기에 따라 집단 내 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 혈중 CK 수치는 진동훈련 집단 간에 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았으나, 측정시기에 따라 집단 내 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 본 연구결과로 원심성 운동 전 진동훈련은 통증을 억제하는 효과가 있으므로 익숙하지 않은 활동을 하거나, 스포츠 활동에서의 지연성 근통증을 예방하기 위한 한 방법으로 제시될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.