• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1217-1227
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• 2012

There are several antenna calibration methods, so-called 3-Antenna Method, Standard Site Method, and Standard Antenna Method which measure the antenna gains or antenna factors. These methods yield the free space or quasi free space antenna gains in only the frequency domain. In this paper, an antenna calibration method using the time domain in the open area test site is discussed. The reflected waves due to the ground are traced in the time domain. After they are removed by the time gating function of network analyzer, the free space transmission coefficient $S_{21}$ is extracted. Such a way is applied to the broad band horn antenna ranging 1 GHz to 18 GHz, and the free space gains are obtained by Friis transmission equation. The method is checked by Standard Site Method in open area test site. The results show comparatively good agreement except for 18 GHz.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.17 no.3 s.106
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• pp.287-294
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• 2006

In the paper, characterization and analysis of UWB(Ultra Wide Band) antennas in time domain are described. The impulse propagation channel including UWB antennas is proposed for the analysis in time domain. Using the proposed propagation channel, the technique of obtaining impulse response of UWB antenna is proposed. Also, ringing, peak value of the impulse response, and the width of the impulse response are introduced as parameters for characterizing a UWB antenna in time domain. A modified UWB conical monopole antenna, a UWB TEM horn antenna, and a UWB stepped fat monopole antenna were fabricated. From the measurement of reflection coefficients, three antennas had bandwidth more than 3 GHz. The impulse responses of the antennas were measured in an anechoic chamber. The results showed that the TEM horn with highest gain has the highest peak amplitude and the stepped fat monopole antenna with narrowest bandwidth for reflection coeffcient had the widest width of the impulse response. Also, ringing in the stepped fat monopole antennas and the UWB conical monopole antenna were observed.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.159-168
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• 2012

In this paper, we designed the antipodal vivaldi antenna for IR-UWB systems application and evaluated IR-UWB antenna performance for the ultra wideband impulse signal transmission in the time- and frequency-domain. The designed antipodal vivaldi antenna was fabricated using FR-4 substrate which thickness 1.6 mm, dielectric constant ${\epsilon}_r=4.7$ and $tan{\delta}=0.002$. We measured the return loss, far filed radiation pattern at the anechoic chamber in the frequency-domain. We also performed the pulse fidelity analysis in the time-domain using nano-second impulse signal transmission and demonstrated the feasibility of ultra wideband signal stable transmission in the UWB band. The designed and fabricated antipodal vivaldi antenna could be emitting and receiving the IR-UWB signal while preserving low pulse distortion and good radiation pattern in time- and frequency-domain.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.653-660
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• 1998

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the electromagnetic field characteristics of microstrip array antenna with the FDTD(finite difference-time domain method). Finite difference equations of Maxwell's equations are defined in rectangular coordinate systems. To simulate the unbounded problem like a free space, the Mur's absorbing boundary condition is also used. After modeling the microstrip array antenna with the grid structure, the transient response of the field distribution is depicted in the time domain.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 2003

In this paper, in order to investigate the near field distribution characteristic of the Loop Antenna we simulated and measured the near field of a Loop Antenna using optical electric-field sensor in a large Chamber(8.5 m x 7 m x 7 m). The simulation methods were used MoM for frequency domain and FDTD for time domain. From the analysis results, it can be seen that the simulation and measurement results are very aggregated, and the optical electric-field sensor is a certificate of validity. In frequency domain, in case of the optical sensor with vertical polarization is located above the near vertical line of the Loop Antenna the signal strength level is more 15 ㏈ than with horizontal polarization. But in case of the optical sensor located above horizontal line of the Loop Antenna, signal strength level is not different. And, in the time domain, although input signal is positive, in the case of the optical sensor with vertical polarization is located above horizontal line of the Loop Antenna, it can be seen that the received pulse shape is negative.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.911-918
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• 2013

The proposed print antenna using Finite Difference Time Domain(FDTD) method is analyzed in this paper. A low radiation resistance and an ultra-wide band of this antenna are also presented. The propagation process of the reflected wave and the electric field distribution in the time domain are calculated in respectively. The antenna parameters are optimized for the maximum band width, return loss, input impedance, and radiation pattern in the frequency domain using Fourier transforming. The experimental bandwidth of the antenna is 1.85GHz~6.35GHz for the VSWR less than or equal to 2.0. The measured results are relatively in good agreement with the FDTD results. The proposed antenna can be applied to various applications such as UWB, broadcasting-network system.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.474-483
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• 2000

In this paper, the planar LTS and Vibaldi antenna operating at 28 GHz for LMDS is optimized by finite difference time domain(FDTD) method and then fabricated and measured. We designed LTS and Vivaldi antenna with corrugation structure for reducing sidelobe, then these antenna are optimized by FDTD, and then fabricated and measured. In a results of the measured values, sidelobe level of LTS and Vivaldi antenna with corrugation structure is 4 dB lower than that of LTS and Vivaldi antenna.

• The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 1995

In this paper, Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method is used to analyze characteristics of the electromagnetically coupled broadband microstrip antenna, and to optimize the antenna parameters. By using short tuning stub in feedline, electromagnetically coupled microstrip antenna shows broadband (approximatcly equal 13%) characteristics, and the characteristics are varied as a function of length, width, and position of the tuning stub. Operating frequency, return loss, VSWR and input impedance are calculated by Fourier transforming the time domain results. Measurement data from fabricated electromagnetically coupled microstrip antenna are compared with FDTD results and are shown to be in good agreement. After optimization of the parameters, maximum bandwidth of about 15% is achieved.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.165-170
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• 2005

In this paper, influences of a ultra wideband (UWB) antenna on impulse channel measurement are investigated in time domain (TD) and frequency domain (FD) as well. Firstly, impulse response of an UWB antenna is obtained and then using the result of impulse response of the UWB antenna, influences of the antenna on impulse radio channel is analyzed. Furthermore, using the impulse response of the UWB anenna, method of impulse radio channel analysis is presented by excluding the effect of the antenna from an impulse radio channel. For verifying the theory, a modified conical monopole antenna is designed for measuring impulse radio channel and its impulse response is obtained. After that, in order to investigate the effects of the UWB antenna on an impulse radio channel, multipath environments are set up in an anechonic chamber and transmission coefficient for each multipath environment is measured with an aid of vector network analyzer. Data measured in frequency domain is transformed into those in time domain by way of signal processing. Measurement shows that such properties of the antenna as dispersion and ringing affect impulse radio channel. Moreover, using the impulse response of the antenna, impulse response of only multipath channel is obtained.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.197-205
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• 1998

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the electromagnetic field characteristics of array antenna with the finite difference-time domain algorithm. Finite difference equations of Maxwell's equations are defined in cylindrical coordinate systems. To simulate the unbounded problem like a free space, the Mur's absorbing boundary condition is also used. After modeling the array antenna with the grid structure, the transient response of the field distribution is depicted in the time domain.