• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5446-5463
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• 2019

Parallel computing system components should be harmonized, and this harmonization is kept existent using synchronization time. Synchronization time affects the system in two ways. First, if we have too little synchronization time, some tasks face the problem of harmonization, as they need appropriate time to update and synchronize with the system. Second, if we allocate a large amount of time, stall system created. Random allocation of synchronization time for parallel systems slows down not only the booting time of the system but also the execution time of each application involved in the system. This paper presents a simulator used to test and allocate appropriate synchronization time for distributed and parallel heterogeneous systems. The simulator creates the parallel and heterogeneous system to be evaluated, and lets the user vary the synchronization time to optimize the booting time. NS3-cGEM5 simulator in this paper is formed by HLA-RTI federation integration of the two independent architecture and network simulators - NS3 and cGEM5. Therefore, nodes created on these simulators need synchronizations for harmonized system performance. We tested and allocated the appropriate synchronization time for our sample parallel system composed of one x86 server and three ARM clients.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.405-409
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• 2020

This paper proposes time management system for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) network. The computers of the UAVs need time synchronization that time offset does not exceed the minimum interval of data samples for errorless data blending between the computers. The proposed time management system is composed of time synchronization and general management systems for UAV control. The systems communicate each other for time information and control signals. The synchronization system uses improved version of existing time offset estimation that network time protocol (NTP) uses. The time synchronization is operated when the time offset of any UAV exceeds threshold that preconfigured by the general management system. The demonstration of prototype shows stable time synchronization satisfying preconfigured threshold.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2017

Time synchronization between distributed embedded systems in the Real Time Locating System (RTLS) based on Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) is one of the most important factors to consider in system design. Clock jitter error between each system causes many difficulties in maintaining such a time synchronization. In this paper, we implemented a system to synchronize clocks between FPGA based distributed embedded systems using the recovery clock of CDR (clock data recovery) used in high speed serial communication to solve the clock jitter error problem. It is experimentally confirmed that the cumulative time error that occurs when the synchronization is not performed through the synchronization logic using the CDR recovery clock can be completely eliminated.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.227-236
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• 2005

인터넷전화 이용자 체감품질을 측정함에 있어 측정시스템 간의 시간동기화가 중요하다. 현재 시스템의 시간동기를 하는 방법에는 NTP 또는 GPS를 이용하여 시간동기화를 하고 있으나 NTP 서버와 시스템간의 거리에 따른 시간적 오차, GPS로부터 수신된 데이터를 처리하는 과정에서의 지연시간, 시스템 클럭의 특성에 따라 발생하는 오차와 같은 문제로 인해 측정시스템 간의 시간동기가 어려운 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 측정데이터의 시간동기를 위해 측정시스템 간의 시간적 오차와 클럭 특성에 의해 발생되는 오차를 보정하여 신뢰성 있는 품질측정 결과를 생성하는 시간동기화 방식을 제안하고 구현하였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2008

The necessity for the precise time synchronization of measurement data from multiple sensors is widely recognized in the field of global positioning system/inertial navigation system (GPS/INS) integration. Having precise time synchronization is critical for achieving high data fusion performance. The limitations and advantages of various time synchronization scenarios and existing solutions are investigated in this paper. A criterion for evaluating synchronization accuracy requirements is derived on the basis of a comparison of the Kalman filter innovation series and the platform dynamics. An innovative time synchronization solution using a counter and two latching registers is proposed. The proposed solution has been implemented with off-the-shelf components and tested. The resolution and accuracy analysis shows that the proposed solution can achieve a time synchronization accuracy of 0.1 ms if INS can provide a hard-wired timing signal. A synchronization accuracy of 2 ms was achieved when the test system was used to synchronize a low-grade micro-electromechanical inertial measurement unit (IMU), which has only an RS-232 data output interface.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.248-253
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• 2020

본 논문은 PTP(Precision Time Protocol) management node 기반 시각동기 오류 검출 및 대응 시스템을 제안하였다. 기존 IEEE 1588 PTP 시각동기 표준에서 제시되지 않은 새로운 시각동기 마스터 failure 검출 및 대응 방법을 제안하여 시각동기가 적용된 분산 네트워크 시스템의 안정성과 신뢰도를 제고하고, EVM(Evaluation Module)으로 구성된 시각동기 네트워크 모의고장 실험을 통해 본 논문에서 제안한 시스템이 실제 마스터 클락 상에 발생한 시각오류를 검출하고 대응이 가능함을 증명하였다. 본 논문에서 도입한 매니지먼트 장치를 중심으로 기존 슬레이브 장치들의 협조아래 마스터 장치의 시각정보 오류를 검출하고, 대응하는 새로운 시스템 구조를 도출하였고, EVM 기기로 구성된 시각동기 네트워크 모의 고장 실험을 통해 본 논문에서 제안한 시스템의 시각동기 오류 대응에 따른 정밀 시각동기 유지 기능의 타당성을 입증하였다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.285-290
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 텔레메트리 시스템에 적용하기 위한 PLL 기반의 시각동기 알고리즘을 제시하고 FPGA 로직을 구현하였다. 텔레메트리 시스템에서 대형 비행체의 경우 각각의 분산 획득 장치들을 통해 상태정보를 계측하여 실시간으로 비행 상태를 분석해야하므로 정밀도 향상을 위한 장치 및 시스템 간의 시각 동기의 중요성이 커지고 있다. 이 때문에 시각동기 기법으로 타 시각동기 방법보다 복잡도가 적고, 동기를 위한 추가적인 메시지 전송을 최소화하여 데이터 처리에 적은 시간이 소요되는 PLL 기반의 시각동기 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 타당성을 확인하기 위해 python 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며 최종적으로 FPGA 내에 VHDL 로직을 구현하여 시각 동기 성능을 확인하였다.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2020

We propose a system time synchronization method between embedded Linux-based distributed control devices by using Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) communication and General Purpose Input Output (GPIO) device. The GPIO signal is used as the trigger signal for synchronization and the TCP communication is used to transfer the system time of master Linux, which serves as the reference clock, to slave Linux. Precise synchronization performance is achieved by measuring and compensating for the propagation delay of GPIO signal and the acquisition and setting latency of Linux system time. We build an experimental setup consisting of two embedded Linux systems, and perform extensive experiments to verify the performance of the proposed synchronization method.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2015

Power grid techniques are distributed over general power systems ranging from power stations to power transmission, power distribution, and users. To monitor and control the elements and performance of a power system in real time in the extensive area of power generation, power transmission, wide-area monitoring (WAM) and control techniques are required (Sattinger et al. 2007). Also, to efficiently operate a power grid, integrated techniques of information and communication technology are required for the application of communication network and relevant equipment, computing, and system control software. WAM should make a precise power grid measurement of more than once per cycle by time synchronization using GPS. By collecting the measurement values of a power grid from substations located at faraway regions through remote communication, the current status of the entire power grid system can be examined. However, for GPS that is used in general national industries, unexpected dangerous situations have occurred due to its deterioration and jamming. Currently, the power grid is based on a synchronization system using GPS. Thus, interruption of the time synchronization system of the power system due to the failure or abnormal condition of GPS would have enormous effects on each field such as economy, security, and the lives of the public due to the destruction of the synchronization system of the national power grid. Developed countries have an emergency substitute system in preparation for this abnormal situation of GPS. Therefore, in Korea, a system that is used to prepare for the interruption of GPS reception should also be established on a long-term basis; but prior to this, it is required that an evaluation technique for the time synchronization performance of a GPS receiver using an atomic clock within the power grid. In this study, a monitoring system of time synchronization based on GPS at a power grid was implemented, and the results were presented.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.207-210
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• 2009

모바일 환경의 동기화 시스템에서 시공간 데이터들의 시간 정보는 여러 종류 시간 데이터가 적용될 수 있다. 그러나 시공간 데이터의 시간 데이터를 데이터 등록 시간을 기준으로 하여 데이터를 저장하면 동기화 작업의 진행에 따라 과거의 데이터를 동기화하는 문제가 발생 한다. 이 논문에서는 시공간 데이터를 위해 시간 데이터로 사용될 수 있는 시간들을 분류 한다. 그리고 시공간 데이터의 동기화에 적합한 시간 데이터의 모델을 정의하고 이를 이용한 동기화 시스템을 제안한다.