• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.489-506
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Geumseongsan Mt. (Geumsan-gun Chungnam). The vascular plants were collected 30 different times, from July 2015 to June of 2016. The results showed that there were 483 taxa in total, included 112 families, 358 genera, 417 species, 8 subspecies, 48 varieties, 8 forms and 2 hybrids. Of these vascular plants, red-list species managed by the Ministry of Environment of Korea included 3 species, and 8 species Korea Forest Service. The endemic species to Korea were identified to 4 species. There were 29 taxa specially designated floristic regional indicator plants by the Ministry of Environment of Korea. The alien plants were identified as 42 taxa, and their naturalization ratio was 8.6%. Usage of 483 taxa were consisted of 190 taxa (39.3%) of edible plants, 162 taxa (33.5%) of pasture plants, 154 taxa (31.8%) of medicinal plants, 58 taxa (12.0%) of ornamental plants, 14 taxa (2.8%) of timber plants, 5 taxa (1.0%) of fiber plants, and 2 taxa (0.4%) of industrial plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.554-574
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• 2018

Mt. Bonghwa reaches a height of 800 m (2,870 ft) and stands on the flank of Mt. Daeam-san, which has an elevation of 1,304 m (4,278 ft). It is important to survey the flora of Bonghwa-san in that it is a way to make out what kind of plant species exist in DMZ due to the geographical characteristics of Bonghwa-san adjacent to Korean DMZ. Therefore this study was conducted to elucidate the distribution of vascular plants and their value of Bonghwa-san. The vascular plants that were collected 10 times from May 2015 to April 2017 consisted of a total of 525 taxa; 93 families, 309genera, 458 species, 4 subspecies, 58 varieties and 5 forms. The observed rare plant species as designated by Korea Forest Service were 12 taxa including Echinosophora koreensis, Epimedium koreanum, Anemone koraiensis etc. Endemic species were 16 taxa containing Cirsium setidens, Heloniopsis koreana, Salvia chanryoenica etc. 31 taxa were recorded as naturalized plants and their naturalized rate and urban index were noted as 5.8% and 7.25%. Among the surveyed 525 taxa, edible, medicinal, pasturing, ornamental, timber, dye, fiber and industrial plants included 213 taxa, 172 taxa, 196 taxa, 50 taxa, 23 taxa, 10 taxa, 6 taxa and 3 taxa, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.311-336
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• 2020

The flora of Sejong were summarized as 531 taxa including 104 families, 315 genera, 462 species, 3 subspecies, 59 varieties and 7 form. The rare plants were 8 taxa including Nepeta cataria L. and Aristolochia ontorta Bunge. The Korea endemic plants were 9 taxa including Populus tomentiglandulosa T. B. Le and Clematis trichotoma Nakai.. The specific plants were 42 taxa including Phytolacca esculenta Van Houtte(V), Corydalis decumbens (Thunb.) Pers(IV), Poncirus trifoliata Raf(III), Pseudostellaria coreana (Nakai) Ohwi(II), Cyrtomium fortunei J.Sm.(I). The naturalized plants were 49 taxa including Sicyos angulatus L, Ambrosia trifida L, Physalis angulata L. Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx., Galinsoga parviflora Cav, and Erigeron philadelphicus L. Especially, Sicyos angulatus L., Phytolacca americana L. and Bidens frondosa L. have been spread throughout the country are required to manage. The naturalized index(NI) and urbanized index(UI) were 8.7% and 15.3%. Useful plants incuding Edible was 199 taxa, Pasture was 193 taxa, Medicinal was 178 taxa, Ornamental was 82 taxa, Timber was 25 taxa, Fiber was 18 taxa, Stain was 9 taxa. Useful plants will be important materials for plant design in recreational and healing forests.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.59-76
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate flora of Mt. Dosol(Yanggu-gun, Gangwon-do). The vascular plants were summarized as 510 taxa, including 89 families, 281 genera, 438 species, 3 subspecies, 61 varieties and 8 forms. Among the investigated 510 taxa, 21 Korean endemic, 24 rare plants, 1 endangered plant and 122 specially designated plants by the Ministry of Environment were also included. The naturalized plants were 27 taxa. The percent of naturalized plants species and urbanization index were estimated as 5.3% and 8.4%, respectively. Usefulness of plants of 510 taxa listed consists of 201 taxa(39.4%) of edible plants, 186 taxa(36.5%) pasture plants, 144 taxa(28.2%) of medicinal plants, 56 taxa(11.0%) of ornamental plants, 16 taxa(3.1%) of timber plants, 8 taxa(1.6%) of miscellaneous plants and 4 taxa(0.8%) of fiber plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.146-160
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• 2013

The flora of vascular plants in the Mt. Cheonhwang, located at Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do Province, was surveyed 16 times from March, 2009 to September, 2011. The result of this survey revealed 442 taxa in total, comprising 90 families, 252 genera, 387 species, 3 subspecies, 43 varieties, and 9 forms. Among the flora of this area, 14 taxa were plants endemic to Korea and 11 taxa were rare and endangered plants of Korea. The floristic regional indicator plants found in this area were 59 taxa: 2 taxa of grade V, 5 taxa of grade IV, 15 taxa of grade III, 16 taxa of grade II and 21 taxa of grade I. Alien plants in Korea numbered 21 taxa. In addition, 442 taxa were categorized by usage into 8 groups, as follows: 163 edible, 6 fiber, 125 medical, 76 ornamental, 163 pasturing, 4 industrial, 9 dyeing and 21 timber plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2015

Preparations need to be made for Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis) in anticipation of climate change because Korean pine is an endemic species of South Korea and the source of timber and pine nut. Therefore, climate change adaptation policy has been established to conduct an impact assessment on the distribution of Korean pine. Our objective was to predict the distribution of Korean pine while taking into account uncertainty and afforestation conditions. We used the 5th forest types map, a forest site map and BIOCLIM variables. The climate scenarios are RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 for uncertainty and the climate models are 5 regional climate models (HadGEM3RA, RegCM4, SNURCM, GRIMs, WRF). The base period for this study is 1971 to 2000. The target periods are the mid-21st century (2021-2050) and the end of the 21st century (2071-2100). This study used the MaxEnt model, and 50% of the presences were randomly set as training data. The remaining 50% were used as test data, and 10 cross-validated replicates were run. The selected variables were the annual mean temperature (Bio1), the precipitation of the wettest month (Bio13) and the precipitation of the driest month (Bio14). The test data's ROC curve of Korean pine was 0.689. The distribution of Korean pine in the mid-21st century decreased from 11.9% to 37.8% on RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. The area of Korean pine at an artificial plantation occupied from 32.1% to 45.4% on both RCPs. The areas at the end of the 21st century declined by 53.9% on RCP 4.5 and by 86.0% on RCP 8.5. The area of Korean pine at an artificial plantation occupied 23.8% on RCP 4.5 and 7.2% on RCP 8.5. Private forests showed more of a decrease than national forests for all subsequent periods. Our results may contribute to the establishment of climate change adaptation policies for considering various adaptation options.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.94-101
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• 1977

Noise pollution, both in the environment and in the workplace, has been recognized as a major health hazard -one that can impair not only a person's hearing but also his physical and mental well-being. As industrialization progresses, the prevalence rate of occupational diseases is increasing, especially hearing loss, which has the highest prevalence rate among the occupational diseases. The major cause of noise is the construction of various large industries without any regulation of noise sources. Therefor, we must establish an enactment to control mechanical noise sources. as soon as possible. For the purpose of controlling the noise source, we must have exact data about such things as the sound level, the frequency of the peak sound and the revolutions per minute (r.p.m.) of the machine (a measure of the power of its motor). This study was undertaken in order to define the noise characteristics, the power of the machine's motor, the change of the sound level and the peak sound as the r.p.m. increases, and the permissible exposure time. The sample size of this study was 74 machines at 11 plants in 6 industries. The results are as follows; 1. The breakdown of the types of mechanical noise noted was : 63.6% continuous normal sound, 26.9% intermittent sound, 4.7% continuous repeating sound and 4.6% impulsive sound. 2. With respect to the type of industry, the overall sound level was the highest in the mechanical industry, with $103.8{\pm}2.8dB(A)$, and lowest in the textile industry, with $89.2{\pm}1.43dB(A)$. 3. With respect to the type of machine, the highest sound level was 124 dB(A) caused by Gauzing(II), in the mechanical industry, and the lowest was 76 dB(A) caused by Attachment (Jup Chack) (I) in the timber industry. 4. The shortest permissible exposure time to Gauzing(II) in the mechanical industry was less than 15 minutes. 5. Among 74 machines, 68.2% of the peak sound was situated in the high frequency range (52.7% at 2 KHz, 4.1% at 4 KHz and 1.4% at 8 KHz). 41.8% of the peak sound was in the middle frequency range (4.1% at 250Hz, 14.8% at 500Hz and 22.9% at 1KHz). 6. If one machine had two motors or more, the peak sound was shifted to the low frequency range. 7. As the r.p.m. increased, the overall and peak sound levels were increased without any change of the frequency of the peak sound. 8. Whenever the machines had the same kind and the same r.p.m., the overall and peak sounds were changed by the physicochemical characteristics of the raw materials and the management.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

Recently, the visual grading rule of Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI) was revised and it is necessary to investigate the distribution characteristics of visual graded lumber in accordance with the revised rule. Therefore, in this study, the distribution characteristics of bending strength was investigated with revised visual grading rule and changed prior rule, respectively. The size of specimens was $38{\times}140{\times}3,000$ (mm) and the species were $Larix$ $kaempferi$ and $Pinus$ $koraiensis$. The moisture content was under 18% and the specimens were tested in accordance with ASTM D-198. The number of No. 1 and 2 grades, suitable for structural lumber, was increased when the revised visual grading rule was applied. Moreover, the revised rule was more effective to distinguish sharply between No. 1 and 2 grades and below No. 3 grade. Meanwhile, the lower 5% exclusion limit and allowable stresses were generally decreased when revised visual grading rule had been applied. However, the announcement of Korea Forest Service, tested with small clear specimen, was much lower than the allowable stresses of this test, tested with structural lumber. Therefore, the revision of allowable design values should be considered for more exact use and effective structural design.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.868-875
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• 2015

In order to replace existing slit type steel plate on the wooden structure joint, the FRP-reinforced laminated plates were produced. Four types of FRP-reinforced laminated plates were produced according to the type of reinforcement and adhesive, and before applying to the joint, the adhesion performance test according to KSF 3021 and KSF 2160 and the Compact Tension (CT) type fracture toughness test specified in ASTM D5045-99 were carried out. As a result of adhesion performance test, all GFRP textile, GFRP sheet, and GFRP Textile-Sheet type FRP-reinforced laminated plates satisfied the requirement of soaking delamination percentage with smaller than 5% based on KS standard. However, aramid type specimen satisfied the standard as the soaking delamination percentage of 4.8% but it did not satisfied the standard as the water proof soaking delamination percentage of 70%. As a result of fracture toughness test, the volume ratio of reinforcement to timber became 23% so that the strength of FRP-reinforced laminated plates increased by two to four times in comparison to the control specimen. It was confirmed that the GFRP Textile-Sheet type specimen was most resistant to the fracture most since the ratio of stress intensity factor compared with that of the control increased to 61% owing to the parallel arrangement of glass fiber to the load. As a result of tensile shear strength test using FRP-reinforced laminated plates and nonmetal dowels, it is about 12% lower than metal connectors.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2000

The effects of clearcutting on soil chemical ingredients and stream water quality have been investigated at a natural deciduous forest catchment within the Seoul National University Research Forest in Mt. Paekun, Chunnam province during the periods of 1993 to 1998. Soil chemical ingredients and stream water qualities were monitored at a 13 ha clearcutting site and a non-treatment site nearby. During the first and second years after harvesting, the levels of total-N, and exchangeable ions (K/sup ＋/, Na/sup ＋/, Ca/sup 2＋/, Mg/sup 2＋/) decreased compared to the values of before harvesting. During the fifth years after harvesting, these levels were significantly higher than those during the first and second years after harvesting. But the chemical characteristics of soil were not changed at all. pH of water in the harvesting area was 6.5 in stream water. Among the nutrients, Cd, Pb, Cu, and phosphate were not found, and the level of BOD reached at the level of the domestic use suitable for drinking. Turbidity, odor, taste, NH/sub 4//sup ＋/ -N, NO/sub 3//sup -/-N, standard plate count, and coliform were also low enough to be used as the domestic use for drinking by the near villagers. During the first and second years after harvesting, BOD increased to about 1 ppm. For that reason, the harvesting planning should be built in the harvesting area in consideration of the control of water quality in the stream.