• Korean Journal of Mathematics
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.929-947
• /
• 2019

In the present paper, we investigate the convergence, equivalence of convergence, rate of convergence and data dependence results using a three step iteration process for mappings satisfying certain contractive condition in hyperbolic spaces. Also we give nontrivial examples for the rate of convergence and data dependence results to show effciency of three step iteration process. The results obtained in this paper may be interpreted as a refinement and improvement of the previously known results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
• /
• 1998.10a
• /
• pp.54-59
• /
• 1998

In order to minimize straightness error of deflected shafts, a automatically bending process control system is designed, fabricated, and studied. The multi-step straightening process and the three-point bending process are developed for the geometric adaptive straightness control. Load-deflection relationship, on-line identification of variations of material properties, on-line springback prediction, and studied for the three-point bending processes. Selection of a loading point supporting condition are derved form fuzzy inference and fuzzy self-learning method in the multi-step straighternign process. Automatic straightening machine is fabricated by using the develped ideas. Validity of the proposed system si verified through experiments.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.19-37
• /
• 1999

Computer aided process planning(CAPP) is a key for implementing CIM. It is bridge between CAD and CAM and translates the design information into manufacturing instructions. Generally, manufacturing is an area where intelligent systems will not be able to rely on methods requiring formalized knowledge. Manufacturing lacks a body of knowledge that is specific, formalized, and rigorous, and which can be coded as rules or procedures. Thus expertise in manufacturing is developed over a period of many years. Case-based reasoning(CBR) offers a new approach for developing intelligent system. In the case-based approach the problem solving experience of the experts is encoded in the form of cases. CBR's retrieval process can be divided to two step. The first step is matching step, and the second step is selection step. For selecting base case, new preference heuristics were introduced using similarity concept. Similarity concept has three has three dimensions, i.e. entity similarity, structural similarity, and goal similarity. In this paper, bolt's process planning was selected an application domain. Following the test result, the new preference heuristics were approved as a useful procedure in CAPP.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.24 no.10 s.181
• /
• pp.2451-2460
• /
• 2000

In order to minimize straightness error of deflected shaft, a geometric adaptive straightness controller system is studied. A multi-step straightening and a three-point bending process have been developed for the geometric adaptive straightness controller. Load-deflection relationship, on-line identification of variations of material properties, on-line springback prediction, and real-time hydraulic control methodology are studied for the three-point bending process. By deflection pattern analysis and fuzzy self-learning method in the multi-step straightening process, a straightening point and direction, desired permanent deflection and supporting condition are determined. An automatic straightening machine has been fabricated for rack bars by using the developed ideas. Validity of the proposed system is verified through experiments.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.1049-1057
• /
• 2015

This study investigated the physicochemical properties of Dioscorea batatas for improvement of biological activities during a three-step steaming process, steaming $120^{\circ}C$ for 30 min and hot air drying at $60^{\circ}C$ for 8 hrs. Samples were extracted with 70% ethanol and analyzed for free sugars, and organic acids were analyzed by HPLC. The DPPH & ABTS radical scavenging activities, crude saponin, water binding capacity, oil absorption, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity were measured. The major free sugars in all samples were fructose, maltose, and sucrose, and the free sugar contents increased to 157~235% after the three-step steaming process compared to the control. Organic acid contents of samples treated by steaming increased to greater than 55.8 mg/100g. The ABTS radical scavenging activity significantly increased with repeated steaming process, especially after the three-step process. As the time of steaming process increased, DPPH radical scavenging activity increased from 26.99% fresh Dioscorea batatas to 80.46~97.79% after the three-step process. Crude saponin content increased rapidly as steaming time increased, but decreased after the three-step process steaming process. The water-binding capacities of the samples treated by steaming process were higher than that of the control, whereas oil absorption decreased as steaming time increased. From the results, steaming process could be suggested as beneficial for controlling fat intake. Compared to acarbose, a known antidiabetic drug, used as a positive control, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity of samples treated by two-step steaming was among the samples. The results suggest that Dioscorea batatas treated by steaming process has antioxidative and anti-diabetis activities and can be used as a natural health product.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.235-252
• /
• 2014

In this paper, weak and strong convergence theorems of three step iteration process with errors are established for two weakly inward and non-self asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces. The results obtained in this paper extend and improve the several recent results in this area.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.22-28
• /
• 2015

This paper proposes column-parallel three step Single Slope Analog-to-Digital Converter (SS-ADC) for high frame rate VGA CMOS Image Sensors (CISs). The proposed three step SS-ADC improves the sampling rate while maintaining the architecture of the conventional SS-ADC for high frame rate CIS. The sampling rate of the three-step ADC is increased by a factor of 39 compared with the conventional SS-ADC. The proposed three-step SS-ADC has a 12-bit resolution and 200 kS/s at 25 MHz clock frequency. The VGA CIS using three step SS-ADC has the maximum frame rate of 200 frames/s. The total power consumption is 76 mW with 3.3 V supply voltage without ramp generator buffer. A prototype chip was fabricated in a $0.13{\mu}m$ CMOS process.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.101-106
• /
• 2012

Generally, rapid cure reaction of LED encapsulation silicone resin causes serious defects in cured resin products such as warpage, residual bubbles, and reduced wettablility. In order to prevent residual bubbles in silicone resin, the step cure process was examined in the present paper. Three kinds of step cure processes were applied, and bubble-free phenomenon was observed. Most of the bubbles were removed under $70^{\circ}C$, the minimum temperature for activating cure reaction. In addition, degree of cure(DOC) and temperature distribution were predicted by using FEM analysis of heat transfer. It was concluded that maintaining cure temperature which provide a DOC under 0.5~0.6 effectively reduces residual bubbles.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
• /
• v.49 no.10
• /
• pp.797-804
• /
• 2011

In this study, the mechanisms of the three steps (the polymer deposition step, the polymer etching step and the Si etching step) that constitute the Bosch process were investigated. The effects of radicals and ions on each step were quantitatively analyzed by comparing the simulated aspect ratio dependency of the deposition or etch rate with the experimental results. In the polymer deposition step, fluorocarbon polymer is deposited by chemical reactions of $CF_x$ radicals, of which the reaction probability is 0.13. Although the polymer etching step and the Si etching step were conducted under the same conditions, the etching mechanisms of polymer and Si were found to be quite different. In the polymer etching step, both chemical etching and physical sputter-etching contribute to the polymer etching. Whereas, in the Si etching step, Si is chemically etched by F radicals, of which the reactivity is greatly increased by the bombardment of energetic ions.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.27 no.8
• /
• pp.1426-1435
• /
• 2003

Design goal is to find the one that has the highest probability of success and the smallest variation. A robustness index has been proposed to satisfy these conditions. The two-step optimization process of the target problem requires a scaling factor. The search process of a scaling factor is replaced with the making of the decoupled design between the mean and the standard deviation. The decoupled design matrix is formed from the sensitivity or the sum of squares. After establishing the design matrix, the robust design process has a new three-step one. The first is ″reduce variability,″ the second is ″make the candidate designs that satisfy constraints and move the mean on the target,″ and the final is ″select the best robust design using the proposed robustness index.″ The robust design process is verified by three examples and the results using the robustness index are compared with those of other indices.