• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.68 no.1
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• pp.67-80
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• 2018

Recently, U-section decks have been more and more used in metro and light rail bridges as an innovative concept in bridge deck design and a successful alternative to conventional box girders because of their potential advantages. U-section may be viewed as a single vent box girder eliminating the top slab connecting the webs, with the moving vehicles travelling on the lower deck. U-section bridges thus solve many problems like limited vertical clearance underneath the bridge lowest point, besides providing built-in noise barriers. Beam theory in mechanics assumes that plane section remains plane after bending, but it was found that shearing forces produce shear deformations and the plane section does not remain plane. This phenomenon leads to distortion of the cross section. For a box or a U section, this distortion makes the central part of the slab lagging behind those parts closer to the webs and this is known as shear lag effect. A sample real-world double-track U-section metro bridge is modelled in this paper using a commercial finite element analysis program and is analysed under various loading conditions and for different geometric variations. The three-dimensional finite element analysis is used to demonstrate variations in the transverse bending moments in the deck as well as variations in the longitudinal normal stresses induced in the cross section along the U-girder's span thus capturing warping and shear lag effects which are then compared to the stresses calculated using conventional beam theory. This comparison is performed not only to locate the distortion, warping and shear lag effects typically induced in U-section bridges but also to assess the main parameters influencing them the most.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.38
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• pp.275-302
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to investigate Chu Hsi's theory of Ge Wu by analyzing the $L{\ddot{u}}$ shi daxuexie (呂氏大學解) in the Critique of Adulterated Learning (雜學辨). Critique of Adulterated Learning was written by Chu Hsi(朱熹) for the purpose of criticizing the confucian scholars who inclined to Taoism and Buddhism. Chu Hsi criticized $L{\ddot{u}}$ Pen-chung(呂本中)'s theory of Ge Wu Zhi Zhi, especially focusing on his understandings based on the Buddhist tendency. $L{\ddot{u}}$ Pen-chung considered Ge Wu Zhi Zhi as the processes of emerging Liang Zhi of the Subject to discipline by investigating the Li of things. He said "Regard an awakening as the standard of Ge Wu Zhi Zhi", as he payed more attention to the mind of the Subject rather than a long process of accumulation of Li. In comparison with him, Chu Hsi considered enormous each step to accumulate Li as more important to reach the completions of knowledge. Especially, while grasping Li, he considered they should have an understandings of things from the routines to the origins of the principles - that is from the principles of things to the reasons of things are. Chu Hsi approached to the Ge Wu in the meaning of political theory in his early days. However, Chu Hsi expands the width of his thought with a theoretical tool of 'Li-i fen-shu (理一分殊)' in the course of criticizing $L{\ddot{u}}$ Pen-chung's theory of Ge Wu Zhi Zhi. In that sense, His criticism of $L{\ddot{u}}$ Pen-chung(呂本中)'s theory was not only the process of struggling against Buddhist philosophies, but also the process of deepening of his philosophy.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.127-133
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• 2007

The u-learning environment has been developed through a number of iterations, and has now been formally evaluated, through analysis of student learning results and the use of quantitative and qualitative measures, Generally, for advance learning effect and analysis of student learning results, the most learning system be use to the item analysis method. But, nowadays, it has using the IRT(Item Response Theory) instead of the item analysis method, The IRT adopts explicit models for the probability of each possible response to a test. Therefore, I proposed the lightweight component based u-learning system using the IRT. Applied device of u-learning is PDA which is in Windows mobile 5.0 environments.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.677-690
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• 2020

In this article, we study a reaction-diffusion system with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions, which describing a three-species food chain model. Under some conditions, the predator-prey subsystem (u₁ ≡ 0) has a unique positive solution (${\bar{u_2}}$, ${\bar{u_3}}$). By using the birth rate of the prey r1 as a bifurcation parameter, a connected set of positive solutions of our system bifurcating from semi-trivial solution set (r₁, (0, ${\bar{u_2}}$, ${\bar{u_3}}$)) is obtained. Results are obtained by the use of degree theory in cones and sub and super solution techniques.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.572-581
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• 2003

In this paper, an automatic surface construction method based on B-spline surface and scalar field theory is proposed to generate the extrusion die surface of non-symmetric H-and U-shaped sections. The isothermal lines and stream lines designed in the scalar field are introduced to find the control points which are used in constructing B-spline surfaces. Intersected points between the isothermal lines and stream lines are used to construct B-spline surfaces. The inlet and outlet profiles are precisely described with B-spline curves by using the centripetal method for uniform parameterization. The extrusion die surface is generated by using the cubic curve interpolation in the u-and v-directions. A quantitative measure for the control of surface is suggested by introducing the tangential vectors at the inlet and outlet sections. To verify the validity of the proposed method, automatic surface generation is carried out for extrusion die of non-symmetric H-and U-shaped sections.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.1139-1161
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• 2009

This paper deals with the reduction of unstressed prevocalic /u/ and the appearance of /w/ which are observed in such words as ambiguity [ˌæm bǝ ˈgju: ǝ ti] - ambiguous [æm ˈbɪ gjǝ wǝs]. This phenomenon is recorded in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged, and the draft revisions of Oxford English Dictionary Online. Since this phenomenon has not been studied in detail up to now, this paper aims 1) to collect the data related to the reduction of unstressed prevocalic /u/, 2) to classify them systematically, and 3) to explain the phenomenon in terms of Optimality Theory. In the course of analysis, Prevocalic Lengthening, which is crucial to the preservation of unstressed prevocalic /u/, is reinterpreted as one of the ways to prevent hiatus (annual /æ nju: ǝl/). /w/-insertion is another way to prevent hiatus (annual /æ njǝ wǝl/). In addition it is argued that prevocalic /u/ behaves differently from prevocalic /i/ due to the difference in the articulators involved.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.419-426
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• 1986

In an attempt to develop a method for the design of the aerial rope way, the traditional theories of rope way were examined and compared. The resulting formulas of the traditional and approximate parabolic curve theory were summarized and those of the catenary curve theory as an exact ones were summarized and newly developed when necessary. In particular, it was found that the resulting formulas from both of these theories can fully be expressed with only three dimensionless parameters $U^{*}$, $V^{*}$, and $W^{*}$, improving compactness and generality of these formulas. Comparision of the theories were done through error analysis, and it was shown that the error of the approximate parabolic curve is of order $U^{*2}$ and $V^{*}$. From this, it was concluded that the traditional parabolic curve theory has its limitation when the rope way becomes larger or steeper, leading to the necessity of the use of catenary curve theory.ve theory.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.191-199
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• 2015

The Journal of Digital Policy & Management. This space is for the abstract of your study in English. In this paper, we propose a u-convergence Tourist Information 3.0 System using Flow Theory. It generates a sense of u-challenge and u-skills to maximize the enjoyment of tourists is u-convergence Tourist Information 3.0. This is a challenge to good sense and adjust the rating of the Convergence Contents information quality(CCIQ) analysis to maximize the enjoyment of tourists. Convergence Contents information quality(CCIQ) of the conductive continuity of the content closed antecedents u-conductive sense, the tourist synchronization adequacy may generate data that can be analyzed. Content Information Quality of rating is the leading factor in the ability of the u-skill mastery of tourists, can generate data availability. The result is to create a meta-model is referred to as content information to reach the best quality maximize enjoyment. Design a sense of u-challenge the skill of the information quality of the tourist information content has the advantage of being able to identify the data formation has the pleasure of tourists. By applying to future national competent standard it is expected to maximize the enjoyment of the job.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.225-238
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors influencing usage intention of u-Healthcare with voluntariness in long-term care hospitals. This model tests various theoretical research hypotheses relating to u-Healthcare, UTAUT theory and voluntariness. The proposed model is analyzed to target long-term care hospitals. Questionnaires have been collected during two months of 2010 and total 142 has been considered to be valid. Smart PLS (partial least square) 2.0 and SPSS 15.0 have been utilized for deriving the study results. The results of hypothesis testing are as follows. First, performance expectance, effort expectancy and social influence positively influence usage intention. Second, facilitation not influence usage intention. Still due to lack of technical infrastructure to promote conditions of use u-Healthcare in long-care hospitals for u-Healthcare system also considered to be not significantly affected. Finally, performance expectance to usage intention for low voluntariness group is significantly larger than those for high voluntariness group. In addition, social influence to usage intention for high voluntarines group is significantly larger than those for low voluntariness group.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.361-373
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• 2017

In this paper, we utilize the Nevanlinna theory and uniqueness theory of meromorphic function to investigate the differential-difference analogue of $Br{\ddot{u}}ck$ conjecture. In other words, we consider ${\Delta}_{\eta}f(z)=f(z+{\eta})-f(z)$ and f'(z) share one value or one small function, and then obtain the precise expression of transcendental entire function f(z) under certain conditions, where ${\eta}{\in}{\mathbb{C}}{\backslash}\{0\}$ is a constant such that $f(z+{\eta})-f(z){\not\equiv}0$.