• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2012

Objectives : This study aims to investigate the correlation between the characteristics of personality on MMPI scale, and the siblings relation, number of current family living with, gender and age of the Oriental Medical University students. Methods : For this study, we carried out the MMPI profiling and gathered information regarding the sibling relation of the subjects. We studied the correlation between the two measures, and the correlation between MMPI scales and the subjects' gender and age. Results : 1. The group without siblings had higher STY figures then the groups with siblings. 2. There was no significant differences in MMPI profiles among the only child group, first-born group, second-born group, and third-born group. 3. The married group showed higher Pd, Pt, Sc, BDL figures than the unmarried group. 4. As the number of family members currently living with increased, the BDL and STY figures decreased. 5. The male group had higher Hs, Hy, Pa, Ma, NAR, BDL, ANT, CPS, PAR, and SZD figures, while the female group had higher D, Pd, Mf, Pt, HST, PAG, and DEP figures. 6. As the subjects' age increased, the figure of Hs, D, Pt, Sc, Si, AVD, and SZD increased, while the HST figure decreased. Conclusions : By the above results, we can assume that the sibling relations and the order one is born in the family does not affect one's personality much in grown-ups; whereas the gender and age affect the personality.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.67-79
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• 1993

The purpose of this study were to study the relationships of the locus of control and the frustration reaction of adolescents according to their family-environment. The objects are 369 students in the second grade of middle schools located in Kwangju and Chonnam. The instruments used in this study are "Internal-External locus of control scale for students" (the Nowicki and Strickland's scale translated by Jung Eun-Joo and Son Jin-Hoon) " Picture-Frustration Test" (by Kim Jae Eun and Kim Tai Ryun) The data is produced on frequency distribution percentile average standard deviation F-test Pearson's correlation with SAS computer program. The results are as follows: 1) The internal -external locus of control shows significant differences in the location sex. the number of siblings family pattern father's educational level and mother's occupation. 2) The reaction type for frustration shows statistically significant differences in accordance with their sex the number of siblings birthorder fathers grown-up place parents' age and parents' occupation. 3) The direction of aggression for frustration shows significant difference in according with the location sex the number of siblings birth order family pattern parents' grown-up place and father's educational level. 4) According to the internal-external locus of control the frustration reaction scores are different significantly. Internal adolescents have positive relation with Need-Persistance and Impunitiveness and negative relation with Obstade-Dominance and Extrapunitiveness.

• 아동학회지
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• 제1권
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• pp.28-39
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• 1980

I. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study lies in examining following items: 1. Difference in creativity between boys and girls 2. Inter correlation of the sub-variables of creativity 3. Correlation between parent-child relationship and creativity 4. The relationship between creativity and number of siblings 5. Creativity and birth-order II. METHODS & PROCED URES 1. Instruments: Standardized Creativity Test and Parent-Child Relationship Test for children 2. Objects: 118 boys and 97 girls enrolled in primary schools in Seoul who were selected by random sampling 3. Procedure: (1) The data of the boy group and the girl group were analized by means of M,t, SD. (2)The relationships between creativity and the number of siblings as well as the relationship between creativity and birth order were analyzed by M. (3) Inter-correlations among the sub-factors of creativity were obtained in boys and girls. (4) Complex-correlations between creativity and parent child relationship were produced. III. RESULTS 1. There were no significant differences between boy and girl in creativity. 2. Inter correlation among the sub-factors of creativity Boy: The highest scores were obtained in fluidity, and adaptability, the lowest in originality and openness. Girl: The highest score were obtained in world scribbling and fluidity, the comparatively low were in originality and a match-problem. 3. Inter-correlation between creativity and parent-child relationship a. Father-son: The positive refusal type has the most significant relation and conflict type, discrepancy type, negative type in turn have significant inter-coorelations. b. Mother-son: Discrepancy type, conflict type, positive refusal type have high correlations, while negative refusal type, anticipation type, and anxiety show significance in 5% level. c. Father-daughter: Positive refusal type shows correlation of 5% level significance, while indulgence type shows negative correlation in 1% level significance. d. Mother-daughter: Discrepancy type shows 5% level significance, while indulgence type shows negative correlation in 1% level. 4. Concerning the number of siblings, it was found that, boys and girls alike, those grown among 3 or 5 showed most creativity. 5. Concerning the birth order, it was found that, boys and girls alike, the first child showed the most creativity, and the youngest showed the next to the most, while the middle showed the least creativity.

• 아동학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2002

This study examined differences in children's social competence by number, birth order, and sibling relation types. The subjects were 489 three- to five-year old boys and girls enrolled in 4 kindergartens in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Instruments were the California Preschool Social Competency Scale and a questionnaire for the home environmental variables. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA, Tukey test and Cronbach ${\alpha}$. The major findings were that siblings' social competence was higher than only children, first-born children's social competence was higher than the later born, and older brother's social competence was higher than younger brothers and sisters.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.734-740
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• 2012

본 연구는 도시지역 고등학생들의 사회심리적 스트레스 수준을 파악하고 그에 관련된 요인을 규명하고자 대전광역시의 남 여 고등학생 514명을 대상으로 2011년 4월 1일부터 5월 31일까지의 기간 동안에 표준화된 자기기입식 설문지를 사용하여 설문조사하였다. 연구결과, 조사대상 학생들의 사회심리적 스트레스 수준은 건강군이 6.4%, 잠재적 스트레스 군이 72.4%, 고위험스트레스 군이 21.2%로 나타났다. 일반적 특성별 고위험스트레스 군의 분포는 교우관계 가 좋지 않다는 군에서, 학교생활에 만족하지 못한다는 군에서, 형제자매가 없다는 군에서, 가정생활에 만족하지 못한다는 군에서 유의하게 높았다. 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 고위험스트레스 군에 속할 교차비는 교우관계가 좋다는 군보다 좋지 않다는 군에서, 학교생활에 만족한다는 군보다 만족하지 못한다는 군에서, 형제자매가 있다는 군보다 없다는 군에서, 가정생활에 만족한다는 군보다 만족하지 못한다는 군에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 단계별 다중회귀분석 결과 사회심리적 스트레스 수준에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 학교생활만족도, 교우관계, 형제자매유무 및 가정생활만족도가 유의한 변수로 선정되었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.452-462
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• 2019

본 연구는 대학생이 지각한 부모의 양육태도가 이들의 아동학대 인식에 미치는 영향력을 확인하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 2019년 4월 16일부터 30일까지 대학에 재학 중인 272명의 학생들을 대상으로 부모 수용-거부 양육태도 도구, 아동학대인식 및 아동학대지식 측정도구를 이용하여 자료를 수집하였으며, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Multiple regression 등을 이용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구 대상자의 아동학대 인식은 성별, 학년, 형제자매 수, 아동학대 지식수준에 따라 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 둘째, 부모의 무시/무관심 양육태도가 아동학대 인식과 유의한 음의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 셋째, 아동학대 인식에 대한 성별, 학년, 형제자매 수, 아동학대 지식수준 및 부모의 양육태도의 설명력은 14.3%였으며, 학년, 형제자매 수, 아동학대 지식수준과 무시/무관심 양육태도가 주요 영향요인으로 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과는 대학생의 아동학대 인식에 대한 체계적이고 실증적인 이해를 통해 이들의 아동학대 인식을 개선하는 방안을 마련하는데 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있으리라 본다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.197-208
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• 2015

Objectives : The purposes of this study were to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of Social Communication Questionnaire (K-SCQ) and to determine cut-off scores for diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods : A total of 166 subjects with ASD and their 186 unaffected siblings were recruited through child psychiatry clinics of university hospitals. Board certified child psychiatrists screened all probands suspected to have ASD based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition. To confirm the diagnoses, the Korean versions of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (K-ADI-R) were administered to all the subjects. All parents completed the K-SCQ and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). The non-ASD siblings were evaluated with the same instruments as the probands with ASD. We performed a factor analysis to examine the structure of K-SCQ. For testing the validity of K-SCQ, we compared the difference in Lifetime and Current scores of probands with ASD and their non-ASD siblings using t-test and analysis of covariance. Correlations between the K-SCQ and other measurements of ASD symptomatology, including K-ADI-R totals and domain scores and SRS, were examined. Receiver operation characteristic curve analysis was performed to extract cutoff scores discriminating affection status. Results : Four factors were extracted through factor analysis of K-SCQ ; 1) social relation and play, 2) stereotyped behavior, 3) social behavior, and 4) abnormal language. Cronbach's internal consistency was .95 in K-SCQ Lifetime, and .93 in K-SCQ Current. There were significant differences in total score of K-SCQ, both in Lifetime and Current between the ASD group and non-ASD siblings group (p<.05). K-SCQ scores were significantly correlated with K-ADI-R subdomain scores and SRS total scores (p<.05). The best-estimate cut-off scores of K-SCQ for diagnosis of ASD were 12 for 48 months and over, and 10 for below 47 months. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that the K-SCQ is a reliable and valid instrument for screening autistic symptoms in the Korean population. Lower cut-off scores than the original English version might be considered when using it as a screening instrument of ASD.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.147-162
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• 1990

The purpose of this review is to establish a groundwork for building a more comprehensive conceptual framework within which various aspects of sibling relations and factor related to sibling behaviors con be explained and integrated. Descriptions of the trends and shifts in sibling studies are made in terms of their themes, variables, basic perceptions and general approaches, and analyzes of current state of sibling researches are made with relation to the conceptual aspects of the studies, namely, their standpoints on the issues of sibling variations, the sources of variations, and basic units of analysis, their reliance or emphasis on different methods, and their interests in the mediation processes. It is recognized that research variables have been successively differentiated and used in diversified manners and family ecology and systems theory viewpoints have been incorporated into the understanding of sibling relations. A triad in its full meaning, rather than a dyad or a partial trial, is proposed as a unit of analysis in order for the researchers to be able to examine and describe the true interactional aspects of family relations involving sibling relations. The concepts of coexistence and interaction are proposed as key concepts os that the inconsistencies in findings, differing viewpoints, contradicting conceptions , and contrasting approaches can be interpreted and integrated into a unified system of theories on siblings. The coexistence of similarities and differences in reality. the inevitability of interaction between individual variables and environmental variables and between within-family environmental factors and our-of-family environmental factors, and the need for the joint use of intrafamilial and extrafamilial approach are acknowledged. Attention is also drawn to the mechanism characteristics and the directionality of the mediating processes of mediating variables between a variable and its effects.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.349-360
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• 2000

This study was designed to evaluate food habits, anthropometry and obesity of 252 children(136 boys, 116 girls) aged $2{\sim}6$ years old. The anthropometric indices were measured and food habits were surveyed. Average food habit score was 11.7/20.0 in boys and 11.8/20.0 in girls. It was found that 60.3% of the subjects belonged to fair score group(7-13) in food habits, while subjects in poor (0-6) and in excellent (14-20) were 30.6% and 9.1% respectively. There was no significant difference in food habits score between boys and girls. The food habits score tended to be higher as the mother's education level, total family income, number of siblings were increased. The mean height, weight and chest circumference of the subjects were much higher than the Korean standards. Evaluating the obesity by weight for height, 77.8% subjects was normal, 4.0% was underweight and 18.3% was obese. Underweight children did not seem to enjoy their meals and ate too slowly compared to normal or obese children. Therefore they needed to promote food habits by good nutritional education.

• 호스피스학술지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2006

In this thesis, Chapter I Introduction suggested the necessity of this research and defined related terms, and Chapter II defined hospice for children and examined the symptoms of pediatric cancers as well as the general characteristics of pediatric cancer patients. In particular, we surveyed the physical condition, psychological and emotional condition, financial condition, environmental aspect, educational aspect and spiritual aspect of pediatric cancer patients’ families, investigated pediatric cancer patients’ parents and siblings with regard to their understanding of the pediatric cancer patients’ death, and lastly considered spiritual care. Chapter III presented summaries and conclusions. In their developmental stage, pediatric cancer patients lack abilities to express themselves and are highly dependent on their parents, so parents who take care of cancer children have to make hard decisions and cancer children’s families are heavily burdened by the situation of preparing their children’s death and sending them away while denying their death, and for this reason they need help from specialists. That is, for pediatric cancer patients, we need highly experienced pediatricians or nurses skilful in managing young terminal patients as well as hospice counseling and family counselors for consulting on family crises. In particular, there is a keen need of child life support specialists. In addition, clergymen’s help is critical for spiritual care to ease the fear and terror of the unknown world, fear of death, etc. Moreover, in order to prevent cancer children from failing to adjust themselves to school life or peer relation after recovery, hospice service should provide cancer children with opportunities to learn school curriculums and associate with friends.