• 아동학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2009

Instruments used in this study were the Peer Competence Scale(Park & Rhee, 2001), Infant Temperament Questionnaire(Chun, 1993), Emotional Intelligence Quotient Scale(Kim & Kim, 1998), Maternal Parenting Scale(Park & Lee, 1990) Parental Involvement Checklist(Cohen, 1989), and Student-Teacher Relationship Scale(Pianta, 1991). Subjects were 400 preschoolers and their mothers in Seoul. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results indicated that (a) children of employed mothers had higher peer competence than children of unemployed mothers. (b) Closeness in teacher-child relationship was the strongest predictor for peer competence of children of employed mothers; maternal strategies promoting peer relationships was the strongest predictor for peer competence of children of unemployed mothers.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2006

This study explored the relationship between children's emotional competence, aggression and peer relationships. Participants were 164 third and 134 fourth grade children from five elementary schools in Seoul and Chenan. Emotional competence, aggression and peer relationships were assessed by means of a questionnaire, interview and observation. Results indicated that emotional understanding of self and others, sex, age, emotional expression and passive regulation strategies were significant variables in predicting children's aggression. Emotional understanding was the most predictable variable in relation to peer relationships. Emotional understanding, emotional regulation and emotional expression made independent contributions to aggression and peer relationships. Mediation analyses revealed that the significant connections between children's emotional competence and negative peer relationships were mostly mediated by aggression.

• 아동학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.15-34
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• 2011

The main purpose of this study was to examine pathways from interparental conflict to adolescents' problem behavior through maternal support and control and/or quality of peer relationship. A sample of 340 high school students (166 boys and 174 girls) in Incheon completed questionnaires on interparental conflict, maternal support and control, quality of peer relationship, and problem behavior. Data were analyzed by means of structural equation modeling. The results demonstrated that interparental conflict had a direct influence in both internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors, indicating that adolescents who perceived higher levels of interparental conflict had more problem behaviors. Regarding pathways from interparental conflict to problem behavior through maternal support and control and/or quality of peer relationships, adolescents perceiving higher levels of interparental conflict reported higher maternal psychological control and lower support and behavioral control. This was followed by a lower level of quality in terms of their peer relationships; the lower quality of peer relationships resulted in more adolescent problem behaviors. These results indicate that interparental conflict and maternal support and control play crucial roles in the development of internalizing and externalizing problem behavior, respectively.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.685-695
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• 2008

This study was to find out the effect of child-parent and child-peer attachment levels on the quality of the child's friendship. Participants were 355 fifth and sixth graders of three elementary schools in Jeolabukdo. The questionnaire used for this study were Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment(IPPA) and Quality of Friendship Scale. The t-test and the regression-analysis were used for this study. According to the result, when the father attachment was higher and safer, the child's friendship was functioning more positively. However, there wasn't any meaningful relationship between the security of mother attachment and the quality of the child's friendship. When peer attachment level was higher and safer, the quality of the child's friendship was significantly higher. On the other hand, there was meaningful relationship between the security of parent attachment and peer attachment. On relationships among parent attachment, peer attachment, and the quality of the child's friendship, effects of secure father attachment and secure peer attachment were functioning meaningfully on the quality of the child's friendship. Secure peer attachment was the most effective factor functioning positively on the quality of the child's friendship among those three factors, child-parent attachment, peer attachment, and the quality of the child's friendship.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2021

This paper discusses the relationship between debt literacy, peer-to-peer lending, and over-indebtedness in Indonesia. It is essential because the number of loans on this platform continues to increase, both legal and illegal. Data was collected online in collaboration with commercial market research firms, JajakPendapat.net. Debt literacy and over-indebtedness were measured by self-assessment with questions from Lusardi and Tufano (2009a). Questions for debt literacy are about interest compounding, debt interest, and the application of time value of money in payment options. The question for over-indebtedness is about the amount of debt and the conditions resulting from that debt. By using descriptive methods, it is clear that the majority of respondents, both borrowers and non-peer-to-peer lending borrowers are debt illiterate, and those who have poor debt literacy have huge debt. Overall, only 1.85% of the respondents were debt literate. Those who live on the island of Java have better literacy because they are the center of economic growth in Indonesia. Debt from peer-to-peer (P2P) lending also has the potential to create problems, namely over-indebtedness. P2P lending borrowers also have very poor debt literacy. However, there is no difference in debt literacy between P2P lending borrowers and non-P2P lending borrowers.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.321-332
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• 2016

This study clarified the maintenance of relationship between children and teachers based on longitudinal data and explored the latent classes. It clarified the latent classes connection with the children's peer play interaction. The subjects of this study were 194 children (aged 3) who attended 11 different kindergartens and daycare centers. We collected data three times (once every 6 months) until they reached age 4. The results of this study were: first, closeness, conflict, and dependence of child-teacher relationship that showed a continuous short-term connection. Second, we classified the child-teacher relationship into three groups according to longitudinal data. Those groups were, 'low level maintenance group' which had the lowest conflict and dependence compared to the highest closeness with teacher, 'middle level maintenance group' which had the teacher relationship in the middle level of the sub element area, and 'high level maintenance group' which showed high conflict and dependence compared to low closeness with the teacher. Third, the group which maintains a longitudinal high conflict.dependence showed more interruption and disruption behavior than the group which maintained a low conflict and dependence. In conclusion, the child-teacher relationship seemed to be the steady characteristic because it showed the early formation of a stable relationship. It was possible to predict the child's peer interaction through an early child-teacher relationship. Teachers need to be educated by the kindergarten and daily care center because the early formation of a child-teacher relationship can be the foundation of child's later peer and teacher relationships.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.263-280
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• 2023

This study examined four ecological systems, namely individual, family, school, and media environments. A series of moderator analyses were conducted to examine variations in effect size estimates across the study characteristics. The current study estimated that the effect size results were gleaned from 360 primary studies, including 90 journal articles and 270 thesis/dissertations, published between 2011 and 2022. The current meta-analysis results supported the ecological framework. That is, the impact of each ecological system on the development of positive and negative peer relationships varies depending on age groups and protective-risk factors. Specifically, for positive peer relationships, the largest effect size of the protective factor was found at the individual level for young and school- aged children, but at the school level for adolescents. Regarding the risk factors for positive peer relationships, the media was the ecological system with the strongest effect size for both young children and adolescents, while the individual-level demonstrating the strongest effect for school-aged children. Results from this meta-analysis allow us to identify some vital intervention areas in terms of healthy peer-relationship development, which should be of considerable interest to the educators and policymakers who are responsible for assessing and intervening with at-risk young children, school-aged children, and adolescents. From a practical standpoint, the current meta-analysis results are expected to contribute to developing effective prevention initiatives by targeting specific protective and risk factors for peer relationship development on the ecological system level.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.875-892
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 영재아동과 일반아동이 또래관계성향, 관계유지노력 학교생활적응에서 어떠한 차이가 있는가를 알아보고, 또래관계유형에 따라 일반아동과 영재아동이 학교생활에 어떻게 적응하는지 분석하여 영재아동의 긍정적인 또래관계성향과 학교생활적응에 도움을 줄 수 있는 방향을 제안하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 수도권 소재한 5개의 초등학교 4학년, 6학년 재학생 중 단위학교 영재학급 아동 175명, 일반아동 179명을 대상으로 또래관계성향, 관계유지노력, 학교생활적응검사를 실시하여 각 변인들 간의 차이, 상관, 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 또한 군집분석에 따라 또래관계유형을 제안하여 각 유형에 따른 영재아동과 일반아동의 학교생활적응을 알아보았다. 연구결과 영재아동은 일반아동에 비해 긍정적인 또래관계성향을 가지고 있고 또래관계를 유지하기 위해 보다 노력하고 있으며 학교생활에 더 잘 적응하고 있었다. 또래관계성향 및 관계유지노력과 학교생활적응은 서로 유의미한 상관을 보였으며 학교생활적응에 가장 설명력이 있는 변인이 일반아동은 독립적 책임감적 또래관계성향, 영재아동은 동정적 수용적 또래관계성향인 것으로 나타났다. 또래관계성향과 관계유지노력을 변인으로 하여 군집분석을 실시한 결과 4개의 군집이 제안되었고 각 군집의 성격에 따라 또래관계유형을 명명하였으며 군집유형에 따라 학교생활적응이 다르게 나타남을 확인하였다. 연구결과에 따른 본 연구의 의의와 실용적 함의 및 한계에 대해 논의하고, 후속 연구에 대한 제안을 기술하였다.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.25-45
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• 2014

본 연구는 취학 전 유아를 대상으로 남녀 유아의 수줍음 특성과 또래괴롭힘 피해 간 관계에서 교사-유아 관계의 중재적 역할이 어떠한지를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 B광역시에 소재한 5개 유아교육기관의 유치반 9곳에 재원 중인 유아 200명(남아 97명, 여아 101명; 평균연령 6.24세)와 그들의 담임교사를 대상으로 하였다. 유아의 수줍음, 교사-유아 관계, 또래괴롭힘 피해를 알아보기 위해 교사용 질문지를 사용하였고, 자료분석을 위해 t검증, 적률상관분석 및 위계적 중회귀분석을 남녀별로 실시하였다. 연구결과, 남녀 유아의 수줍음 특성, 교사-유아 관계는 또래괴롭힘 피해와 유의한 관련성을 보였다. 또한 위계적 회귀분석 결과 남아의 경우 수줍음 특성과 교사-유아 관계 간 상호작용 효과가 유의하게 나타나, 남아의 수줍음 특성은 또래괴롭힘 피해와 관련되지만 교사-유아 간 친밀관계 수준이 낮고, 교사-유아 간 갈등관계 수준이 높은 경우에만 유의하였다. 즉, 남아의 수줍음 특성이 또래괴롭힘 피해와 관련되는데 있어, 교사-남아 간 친밀관계는 보호요인으로, 교사-남아 간 갈등관계는 위험요인으로써 중재적 역할을 하였다. 이는 성에 따라 다소 차이는 있지만 수줍음 특성이 있는 유아의 또래괴롭힘 피해 경험을 예방하는데 있어 교사역할의 중요성을 시사해 주었다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2009

This study investigated the mediating and moderating effects of teacher preference on the relationship between behavior problems and peer victimization. The subjects were 520 children in the fifth and sixth grades. Children completed peer nominations that assessed peer victimization. Teachers rated children's internalizing, externalizing problems and teacher preference. The full mediating effect of teacher preference was found in externalizing problems and the partial mediating effect was found in internalizing problems. Moreover, the moderating effect of teacher preference was found only in internalizing problems, which suggests that high teacher preference protects internalizing problems from peer victimization.