• Title/Summary/Keyword: The forest ecosystem

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Social Network Analysis on the Research Trend of Korean Ecological Restoration Technology (국내의 생태복원기술 연구동향에 관한 사회네트워크분석)

  • Kim, Bo-Mi;Lee, Dong-Kun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.67-81
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    • 2018
  • We tried to analyze qualitatively a total of 110 the research papers which were related domestic ecological restoration technologies about 15 years through semantic network analysis in social network analysis. In order to understand the research trends of ecological restoration technologies, we analyzed the degree centrality and betweenness centrality of the Stream/Wetland, Slope, Soil/Others fields selected as Word Cloud. As a result, ecological restoration technologies have been changed. They were focused on the restoration of species or their habitats in the past. However, they have been evolved into the detailed systems to respond in unpredictable natural disasters and climate change, high-resolution image implementation technology to accurately grasp the practical environment and methods related to environmental restoration for human in urban ecosystem. In the future, investment and technology for the ecosystem restoration field will be continuously demanded for the symbiosis of human beings and species in the damaged ecosystem. Therefore, the research trend of ecological restoration technologies should be provided as reliable guidelines when decision makers establish the policy direction or when researchers select their subjects.

Analysis of Vegetative Composition in Mt. Chonggye through Phytosociology (식물사회학적 방법에 의한 청계산 식생구조 분석)

  • Ahn, Young-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.15-27
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    • 2003
  • A method of conserving the vegetation at Mt. Chonggye was established to persue a practical management of the natural ecosystem by the vegetative composition analysis. As a result, the vegetation of surveyed areas was classified into two communities and four subcommunities in Mt. Chonggye. Potentilla fragarioides var. major community, known as the roadside plant community, distributed near trails under heavy human impacts. Potentilla fragarioides var. major community included two subcommunities : Digitaria sanguinalis-Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior subcommunity and Rhus chinensis subcommunities. In these communiyies, there were many naturalized plant species such as Aster pilosus and Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, known as heliophilous plant. Results indicated that the vegetation had been affected by intensive human activities. It is necessary to control the naturalized plant species such as Aster pilosus for conservation of the ecosystem and nature in this area. Quercus mongolica community, a common coppice woodland in central Korea, was mostly distributed around mountain tops and ridges above 529 m altitute. In the valley where the forests well conserved, the Quercus mongolica community contained the Syneilesis aconitifolia-Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus subcommunity. On the other hand, Potentilla dickinsii subcommunity was dominated in dry rocky ridge areas. In these areas, however, the vegetation and forest soil was not properly managed for conservation.

Species-specific biomass drives macroalgal benthic primary production on temperate rocky reefs

  • Spector, Michael;Edwards, Matthew S.
    • ALGAE
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.237-252
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    • 2020
  • Temperate rocky reefs dominated by the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, support diverse assemblages of benthic macroalgae that provide a suite of ecosystem services, including high rates of primary production in aquatic ecosystems. These forests and the benthic macroalgae that inhabit them are facing both short-term losses and long-term declines throughout much of their range in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Here, we quantified patterns of benthic macroalgal biomass and irradiance on rocky reefs that had intact kelp forests and nearby reefs where the benthic macroalgae had been lost due to deforestation at three sites along the California, USA and Baja California, MEX coasts during the springs and summers of 2017 and 2018. We then modeled how the loss of macroalgae from these reefs impacted net benthic productivity using species-specific, mass-dependent rates of photosynthesis and respiration that we measured in the laboratory. Our results show that the macroalgal assemblages at these sites were dominated by a few species of stipitate kelps and fleshy red algae whose relative abundances were spatially and temporally variable, and which exhibited variable rates of photosynthesis and respiration. Together, our model estimates that the dominant macroalgae on these reefs contribute 15 to 4,300 mg C m-2 d-1 to net benthic primary production, and that this is driven primarily by a few dominant taxa that have large biomasses and high rates of photosynthesis and / or respiration. Consequently, we propose that the loss of these macroalgae results in the loss of an important contribution to primary production and overall ecosystem function.

Vascular Plants of Status and Distribution of the Site around and Kwangyang Manufacture (광양제철소와 인근주변의 관속식물 현황과 분포)

  • Oh, Hyun-Kyung;Kim, Do-Gyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.59-75
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    • 2006
  • The vascular plants of this site was listed 360 taxa; 86 families, 229 genera, 311 species, 42 varieties and 7 forms. Specific plant species by floral region were total 40 taxa; 2 taxa(Crypsinus hastatus, Prunus yedoensis) in class V, Patrinia rupestris in class IV, 6 taxa(Elymus mollis, Carex laticeps, Poncirus trifoliata, Melia azedarach var. japonica, Koelreuteria paniculata, Crepiastrum lanceolatum) in class III, Cirsium schantarense in class II, 30 taxa(Lygodium japonicum, Pteris multifida, Phacelurus latifolius, Asparagus cochinchinensis, Ficus erecta, Machilus thunbergii, Zanthoxylum planispinum, Euphorbia esula, Mallotus japonicus, Cayratia japonica, Camellia japonica, Glehnia littoralis, Lysimachia fortunei, Messerschmidia sibirica, Ixeris repens etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 14 families, 34 genera, 41 species, 1 varieties, 42 taxa and naturalization rate was 20.3% of all 207 taxa vascular plants. Based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest Research Institute, 2 taxa were recorded in the studied areas; Phacelurus latifolius, Crypsinus hastatus and based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 7 taxa were recorded; Populus tomentiglandulosa, Filipendula glaberrima, Prunus yedoensis, Forsythia koreana, Paulownia coreana, Weigela subsessilis, Carpinus coreana. So, wild plants disturbing ecosystem like Solanum carolinense and Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior have been increasing, it needs continuing control and conservation measures on the plant ecosystem.

Flora and Medical Plant Resources of Natural Ecosystem Conservation Area at Mt. Daedeoksan·Geumdaebong (대덕산·금대봉 자연생태계보전지역의 관속식물상과 약용자원식물)

  • Park, Sunghyuk;Son, Yonghwan;Lee, Dahyeon;Son, Hojun
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.33 no.5
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    • pp.501-515
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    • 2020
  • This study is attempted to prepare criteria to determine target species for conservation, through analyzing vascular flora and medicinal resources plants of Mt. Daedeok and Geumdae-bong in Gangwon Province, Korea. Flora Surveys were conducted 14 times from April, 2017 to October, 2019. Total 428 taxa with 83 families, 245 genera, 356 species, 5 subspecies, 46 varieties and 21 forms were distributed in Mt. Daedeok and Geumdae-bong. Korean endemic species were composed of 19 species. Total 36 taxa of Korean rare plants species were identified including 5 taxa in the degree of CR, 2 taxa in the degree of EN, 12 taxa in the degree of VU, 14 taxa in the degree of LC and 3 taxa in the degree of DD. The naturalized plants were 5 families, 10 genera, 10 species, totaling 10 taxa and medicinal resources plants were 239 taxa with 73 families, 185 genera, 239 species, 30 varieties 4 forms, 4 subspecies. The Urbanization Index (UI) was 2.5% and the Naturalized Index (NI) was 1.9%.

A Study on the Threat Factors of Biodiversity on Hasidong Anin Coastal Dune (하시동·안인사구의 생물다양성 보전 위협 요인 분석)

  • Lee, Eun-Hye;Oh, Choong-Hyeon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.99-114
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    • 2021
  • We examined a current status of damage in biodiversity and its causing factors in Hasidong Anin coastal dune, Gangneung-si, Gangwon province which is designated as ecological and landscape conservation area. In this study, we found that ecosystem and biodiversity have been primarily damaged by anthropogenic factors such as the construction of surrounding area, military facilities illegally dumped garbage and the expansion of windbreak forest. These factors occur to damage the landscape, ecosystem and biodiversity etc. There is a significant lack of basic data needed for preservation and restoration due to the lack of prior research and value assessment. In order to establish solutions for preservation and restoration, it is critical to collect fundamental data and implement value assessments. Therefore, further studies such as ecosystem services assessment, increasing biodiversity, spatial analysis and monitoring of various items related to coastal dunes are needed.

A Study of Estimation of Forest Ecosystem Carbon Storage in Gyeryongsan National Park, Korea (계룡산 국립공원 산림생태계의 탄소축적량 산정에 관한 연구)

  • Jang, Ji-Hye;Yi, Joon-Seok;Jeong, Ji-Sun;Song, Tae-Young;Lee, Kyengjae;Suh, Sang-Uk;Lee, Jaeseok
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.319-327
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    • 2014
  • Understanding and quantifying of carbon storage in ecosystem is very important factor for predicting change of global carbon cycle under the global climate change. We estimated total ecosystem carbon in Gyeryongsan National Park with naturally well preserved ecosystem in Korea. Vegetation of Gyeryongsan National Park was classified with mainly four communities with Quercus mongolica (1,743.5 ha, 38.0%), Quercus variabilis (1,174.0 ha, 25.6%), Quercus serrata (971.9 ha, 21.2%), Pinus densiflora (695.2 ha, 15.2%). Biomass and soil carbons were calculated from biomass allometric equations based on the DBH and carbon contents of soil and litter collected in quadrat in each community. The tree biomass carbon was in Quercus variabilis ($130.1tCha^{-1}$), Pinus densiflora ($111.1tCha^{-1}$), Quercus mongolica ($76.2tCha^{-1}$), Quercus serrata ($39.0tCha^{-1}$). Soil carbon storage was in Quercus mongolica ($159.7tCha^{-1}$), Quercus serrata ($121.0tCha^{-1}$), Pinus densiflora ($110.5tCha^{-1}$), Quercus variabilis ($90.8tCha^{-1}$). Ecosystem carbon storage was Pinus densiflora ($239.9tCha^{-1}$), Quercus mongolica ($235.9tCha^{-1}$), Quercus variabilis ($226.0tCha^{-1}$), Quercus serrata ($165.9tCha^{-1}$), total amount was $867.7tCha^{-1}$. The area of each vegetation carbon storage was Quercus mongolica ($411,200tCha^{-1}$), Quercus variabilis ($265,300tCha^{-1}$), Pinus densiflora ($166,800tCha^{-1}$), Quercus serrata ($161,200tCha^{-1}$) and the total ecosystem carbon amount estimated $1,045,400tCha^{-1}$ at Gyeryongsan National Park. Theses results indicate that different in naturally well preserved ecosystem.

Habitat Types of Wintering Season Wildbirds Depending on Land Use, Hanam (하남시 토지이용현황에 따른 겨울철 야생조류 서식유형 분석 연구)

  • Kim, Jeong-Ho
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.15 no.11
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    • pp.1077-1086
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    • 2006
  • This study aims at analyzing relationships between land use and habitat types of winter wildbirds to provide basic understanding of ecosystem for preservation and restoration of urban ecosystem in the future. The research area is Hanam City. Researches on land use types showed Hanam City had 79.1% of greenspace and openspace, but intensive urban development has been taking place in greenspace that is adjacent to urban districts. This has brought the problems of lack of greenspace in urban districts and damages to cultivated areas and grassland. A total of 61 and 8,642 populations of winter wildbird species were observed in research areas. Paradoxornis webbiann(16.91), Passer montanus(11.93), Pica pica(6.88) were dominant species. When they were divided according to habitat types, 20 species of interior species, 8 species of interior-edge generalist species, 12 species of edge species and 3 species of urban species were observed. When which land use type was mostly served as wildbirds habitats was examined, urban species(3 species and 290 populations) was a dominant species in urban districts while in greenspace and openspaece, water species(19species and 3,075 populations) including winter migratory birds was. Among greenspace and openspaece, edge species was dominant in forest while urban species was a dominant species in cultivated areas. This shows there is a need to improve diversity of wildbirds through restoration of cultivated areas in the central part of Hanam City.

Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Their Roles in Ecosystems

  • Lee, Eun-Hwa;Eo, Ju-Kyeong;Ka, Kang-Hyeon;Eom, Ahn-Heum
    • Mycobiology
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.121-125
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    • 2013
  • Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have mutualistic relationships with more than 80% of terrestrial plant species. This symbiotic relationship is ancient and would have had important roles in establishment of plants on land. Despite their abundance and wide range of relationship with plant species, AMF have shown low species diversity. However, molecular studies have suggested that diversity of these fungi may be much higher, and genetic variation of AMF is very high within a species and even within a single spore. Despite low diversity and lack of host specificity, various functions have been associated with plant growth responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization. In addition, different community composition of AMF affects plants differently, and plays a potential role in ecosystem variability and productivity. AMF have high functional diversity because different combinations of host plants and AMF have different effects on the various aspects of symbiosis. Consequently, recent studies have focused on the different functions of AMF according to their genetic resource and their roles in ecosystem functioning. This review summarizes taxonomic, genetic, and functional diversities of AMF and their roles in natural ecosystems.

Vegetation Classification Using Seasonal Variation MODIS Data

  • Choi, Hyun-Ah;Lee, Woo-Kyun;Son, Yo-Whan;Kojima, Toshiharu;Muraoka, Hiroyuki
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.665-673
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    • 2010
  • The role of remote sensing in phenological studies is increasingly regarded as a key in understanding large area seasonal phenomena. This paper describes the application of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) time series data for vegetation classification using seasonal variation patterns. The vegetation seasonal variation phase of Seoul and provinces in Korea was inferred using 8 day composite MODIS NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) dataset of 2006. The seasonal vegetation classification approach is performed with reclassification of 4 categories as urban, crop land, broad-leaf and needle-leaf forest area. The BISE (Best Index Slope Extraction) filtering algorithm was applied for a smoothing processing of MODIS NDVI time series data and fuzzy classification method was used for vegetation classification. The overall accuracy of classification was 77.5% and the kappa coefficient was 0.61%, thus suggesting overall high classification accuracy.