• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2000

Exceptive clause of ambulance stated in Road Traffic Laws of ambulance car accidents is not properly applied and emergency staffs who transfer over 85% of emergency cases are to be forced to start out to the emergency field with unstable conditions which they may be punished on the criminal and civil laws. Hereby this study makes the following suggestions to activate the duties of transferring emergency cases by emergency staffs, promote their morale and diminish the victim of emergency staffs due to traffic accidents. 1) It is prescribed that ambulance car drivers should be protected legally by applying the exceptive clauses thoroughly regulated in special case clauses because ambulance cars are used for the purpose of saving the human life. 2) On the traffic accidents occurred during the transfer of emergency cases, the special insurance system is created for treating the ambulance car accidents, not to bind the emergency staff's mistake to traffic law and the victims are compensated by the nation on the basis of insurance system and emergency staffs have the systematic security. 3) On the road over six lanes, emergency lane is set on the center and ambulance car should be used as the exclusive lane. 4) Ambulance car drivers must have the habit of transferring emergency cases rapidly within the range of legal operation.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.84-90
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• 2022

With the popularization of autonomous driving technology, safety has emerged as a more important criterion. However, there are no assessment protocol or methods for AES (Autonomous Emergency Steering). So, this study proposes AES assessment protocol and scenario corresponding to collision avoidance Car-to-Car scenario of Euro NCAP in order to prepare for obstacles that appear after the emergency steering of LV (Leading Vehicle) avoiding obstacles in front of. Autoware-based autonomous driving stack is developed to test and simulate scenario in CARLA. Using developed stack, it is confirmed that obstacle avoidance is successfully performed in CARLA, and the AES performance of VUT (Vehicle Under Test) is evaluated by applying the proposed assessment protocol and scenario.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2013

Purpose: Crushing injuries by car tires result from a combination of friction, shearing, and compression forces and the severity of injury is influenced by the acceleration. Because car-tire injuries of the lower leg in children are common these days but they have received little attention; thus, our purpose was to look closely into this problem. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of data from children under 15 years old age who visited an emergency department because of a car-tire-related crushing injury to the lower leg in pedestrian traffic accident from January 2008 to September 2012. The patient's age, sex, site of injury, degree of injury, associated injuries, type of surgery, and complications were reviewed. Results: There were 39 children, the mean age was 8.0 years, and 71.8% were boys. The dorsal part of the leg was involved most frequently. According to the severity classification, 15 children were grade I, 6 were grade II, and 18 were grade III. Among 24 patients, 13 were treated with skin graft and 3 were treated using a sural flap. Twelve patients developed complications, such as hypertrophic scarring, contractures, and deformities with significant bone loss. Conclusion: Various degrees of skin or soft tissue defects were caused in children by car tires. In this study, patients were often also had tendon or bone damage. Proper and timely initial treatments are needed to reduce the incidence of infection, the number of operative procedures, and the hospital stay.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2021

This is a study on the type of perception about the transition of female firefighters to emergency car drivers. The purpose of this study is to identify the perception of the female firefighters on the circulation of emergency car drivers and to identify the characteristics of each type of firefighting officers and to provide basic data for the development and utilization of the emergency car drivers' work of female firefighters. The Q-sample of 27 statements was conducted on 31 subjects including 26 women and 5 men, and the data were analyzed using the QUANL program. As a result, the three types classified explained 60.8 % of the total variance, and the explanation power of each type was 50 % for type I, 5.6 % for type II, and 5.2% for type III. Type I was named 'feminist type', type II was named 'future-oriented type', and type III was named 'educational preparation type'. According to the perception of emergency cars by female firefighters, it was investigated that discrimination caused by gender should be eliminated and female firefighters can drive an emergency car if preparation and systematic education are made. Therefore, fire officials need to develop their personal abilities through gender equality and systematic education programs.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2006

Purpose: This study aims to examine characteristics and actual conditions of patients using emergency room at farming and fishing villages, solve overcrowding of emergency room at the tertiary hospital and activate local emergency clinics. Methods: It examines department of diagnosis and treatment, vehicles used, sex, age, residential area, visit hour, length of stay, presence or absence of trauma, measures after first aid and degree of severity based on medical records of 6,740 patients using emergency room at farming and fishing villages from Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 2005. Conclusion : 1. Sex distribution of patients of emergency room was male 54.9% and female 45.1% and age distribution between over 40 and below 50 was most as 15.9%. 2. Transport means to emergency room were 91.4 of private car and others (public transport and going on foot), 7.5 of 119, 129 and police car and 1.0% of ambulance. 3. According to distribution of residential areas of emergency patients, 38.9% were Eup area, 42.1% Myeon area, 11.4% distant area and 7.5% adjacent area. 4. According to distribution of emergency patients by department of diagnosis and treatment, internal medicine was most as 35.8% and 55% of patients visited emergency room from 3:31 p.m. to 11:30 p.m.. 5. According to total hours of diagnosis and treatment of subjects, 51.2% were within 30min. and cases of non-trauma disease were 68.2%. 6. According to degree of emergency of emergency patients, non-emergency cases were 65.3%, urgent cases 27.7% and emergency cases 7.0% and 74.2% of patients returned home after first aid and 20.6% of them hospitalized. In conclusion, characteristics and diversification of patients should be examined and efforts by government and local medical institutions which must organize emergency system and facility and personnel levels suitable to regional conditions are needed in order to prevent overcrowding of emergency center of the tertiary hospital and activate local emergency center.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.04b
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• pp.68-70
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• 2006

This paper formulates the principle of the magnetic actuator break system (MASS) for emergency situation driving a car. When the exciting break system of a car is broken, MASS will be able to stop the car by the electric system. MASS controls the rotating wheel to slow down gradually while holding and laying the wheel down several ten times per second. We present the magnetic field and dynamic behavior analyses for the magnetic actuator break system using finite element method (FEM) associated with parameter, for calculating the displacement of the moving parts and the supplying current.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.99-112
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• 2021

Purpose: The study aimed to analyze the current status of traffic accident victims who were transported by 119 ambulances within the administrative district of Chungnam province and provide essential data for accident prevention. Methods: The pre-hospital care records of patients who called the 119 emergency service in 2019 were obtained from the Chungnam Fire Department. Data pertaining to 13,663 traffic accident victims who were transported to hospitals were analyzed. Results: Patients in those aged ≥60 years accounted for 49.8% of the total cases. In patients aged ≥80 years(n=2,154), motor cycle accidents were highest as 28.3%. In addition, cultivator (n=135) and buggy car (n=79) accident victims were the highest in aged ≥80 years as 66.7% and 67.1%, respectively. Traffic accident victims-population ratio in Chungnam was 0.65%, wherein 2.03% included population aged ≥80 years. Conclusion: It was clear that accidents varied across administrative districts depending on the age group of population distribution. Thus, safety measures for preventing motorcycle, cultivator, and buggy car accidents are necessary for areas with many older people aged ≥80 years.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2017

This paper present a performance evaluation scenarios to assess the safety performance of autonomous emergency braking (AEB) system for cyclist collision. To guarantee the safety performance of AEB for cyclist, AEB system should be tested in various scenarios which can be occurred in real driving condition. For this, real-traffic car-to-cyclist collision data are analyzed to classify the real traffic collision scenarios. Using this information, typical car-to-cyclist collision scenarios are selected. Also, in order to develop the detail features of these collision scenarios, several accident cases related with these scenarios are explained. Based on these information, test scenarios which can describe the car-to-cyclist collisions occurred in Korea are proposed. For practicality and feasibility of the test scenarios, proposed scenarios should be designed to assess the safety performance of AEB system effectively. For this, some test scenarios are combined or removed based on the consideration about the effectiveness of each scenario to the assessment of the performance of AEB system. To confirm that the proposed test scenarios are realistic and physically meaningful, simulation is conducted using simple AEB system in proposed test scenarios.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.9-15
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• 2013

In this paper, automatic recognition of an accident and whether service delivery and risk driving through the giving of the driver to correct driving habits before and after the accident to reproduce highly scalable video Smart Mobile Blackbox DVR (SMBD, Smart Mobile Blackbox DVR) Computer of the model was designed. SMBD on embedded systems equipped with wireless capabilities to sleep in the car accident point and the image information by wireless communications, by notification in the control center, 24-hour emergency rescue service and traffic information can be provided. The vehicle ECU (Electronic Control Unit) of the vehicle information and sensor data in conjunction with wireless eCall (Emergency Call) services can be realized.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.229-236
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• 2020

As the number of elderly drivers increases, traffic accidents from the elderly also increase. In particular, the emergency situation of the elderly driver is not transmitted to the following vehicle during cloudy days and night highway accidents, so it is extended to the second and third accidents, leaving serious aftereffects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish an economic and effective inter-vehicle emergency communication system between the accident vehicle of the elderly and the following vehicles. In this paper, we have proposed a policy and method that can take advantage of the special emergency light pattern of an elderly driver in an emergency and transmit it to the following vehicles, thereby providing secondary accident prevention and emergency relief. Furthermore, by introducing an infrared emergency communication system between vehicles using red brake lights and implementing it as a prototype of RC-Car, we have checked the feasibility of the system.