• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.625-633
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• 2021

This paper describes a scalable architecture for flexible hardware implementation of Montgomery modular multiplication. Our scalable modular multiplier architecture, which is based on a one-dimensional array of processing elements (PEs), performs word parallel operation and allows us to adjust computational performance and hardware complexity depending on the number of PEs used, N_PE. Based on the proposed architecture, we designed a scalable Montgomery modular multiplier (sMM) core supporting eight field sizes defined in SEC2. Synthesized with 180-nm CMOS cell library, our sMM core was implemented with 38,317 gate equivalents (GEs) and 139,390 GEs for N_PE=1 and N_PE=8, respectively. When operating with a 100 MHz clock, it was evaluated that 256-bit modular multiplications of 0.57 million times/sec for N_PE=1 and 3.5 million times/sec for N_PE=8 can be computed. Our sMM core has the advantage of enabling an optimized implementation by determining the number of PEs to be used in consideration of computational performance and hardware resources required in application fields, and it can be used as an IP (intellectual property) in scalable hardware design of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 1997

The composition and chemical structures of same individual components of essential oils from ginger flavor plants were estimated by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spetrometric analysis with the aid of NBS and Wiley library and RI indice searches. Through gas chromatography and gas chromatography /mass spetrometry analysis of 43, 41, 32 essential oil components from flowers, leaves and stems from Lindera obstusiloba., respectively were identified, among which sabinene, $\beta$-myrcene, ι-limonene, phelandrene, ${\gamma}$-selinene, $\alpha$-terpinene, 2, 4a, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9a -octahydro benzocycloheptane, $\delta$-cadinene, ${\gamma}$-terpinene, (Z) -3-hexen-1-ol acetate, ${\gamma}$-elemene, l-boreneol, $\delta$-guaiene, ledene, cis-3-hexanal, elemol, $\alpha$-chamigrene, $\beta$-endesmol: 9-octadecanal, 1-(1, 5-diMe-4-hexenyl)-4-Me. benzene were estimated to be major components.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.27-41
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• 2009

With explosive growth in the area of the Internet and IT services, various types of digital contents are generated and circulated, for instance, as converted into digital-typed, secure electronic records or reports, which have high commercial value, e-tickets and so on. However, because those digital contents have commercial value, high-level security should be required for delivery between a consumer and a provider with non face-to-face method in online environment. As a digital contents, an e-ticket is a sort of electronic certificate to assure ticket-holder's proprietary rights of a real ticket. This paper focuses on e-ticket as a typical digital contents which has real commercial value. For secure delivery and use of digital contents in on/off environment, this paper proposes that 1) how to generate e-tickets in a remote e-ticket server, 2) how to authenticate a user and a smart card holding e-tickets for delivery in online environment, 3) how to save an e-ticket transferred through network into a smart card, 4) how to issue and authenticate e-tickets in offline, and 5) how to collect and discard outdated or used e-tickets.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.158-168
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to review clinical studies of lumbar herniated intervertebral disc (LHIVD) treatment using acupuncture. Online database (PubMed, COCHRANE Library, EMBASE, CNKI, KISS, NDSL, KoreaMed, KMbase, OASIS, and KISTI) searches were conducted in May 2018. Studies that used acupuncture, electroacupuncture or warm needle acupuncture were included, along with participants who had lower back pain and radiating pain of their lower limbs consistent with radiological findings. Animal studies and nonclinical data were excluded. Data on treatment methods, site, time, frequency, period, and scales used were analyzed. There were 69 studies including 38 randomized controlled trials, 14 retrospective observational studies, and 17 clinical case studies. There were 51 acupoints selected for acupuncture treatment of LHIVD. The most frequently treated acupoints were BL23, BL25, BL24, and BL40. The mean treatment time, frequency, and duration were $26.06{\pm}6.70$ mins, $6.29{\pm}1.70$ times/week, and $20.57{\pm}11.04$ days, respectively, in randomized controlled trials (RCT), and $18.62{\pm}4.60$ mins, $11.58{\pm}3.99$ times/week, and $34.43{\pm}17.62$ days, respectively, in case/retrospective studies ($mean{\pm}SD$). This review collates information about acupuncture treatment methods for LHIVD.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.58-58
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• 2001

본 연구는 섬유소 분해효소 유전자 Cel D(Cellulase Digestion)가 도입된 형질전환 돼지 생산을 통하여 섬유소 함유 사료의 이용 효율을 증대시키고, 나아가 장기이식동물 및 고가의 의료용 단백질 생산가축을 개발하기 위한 원천기술 확보에 있다. 섬유소분해 유전자의 크로닝 및 조직 특이적 발현벡터를 개발하기 위하여, 우선 소의 위중 제4위 내의 미생물로부터 전체 유전자를 분리하였고, 이렇게 작성된 DNA library에서 섬유소분해 관련 유전자인 약 2.0 kb의 Cel D유전자를 크로닝하였으며, 췌장 특이적 발현 프로모터(rat elastase I: 약 200bp)를 크로닝한 후, 미세주입용 형질전환 재조합 벡터를 구축하기 위하여 rElastase I 프로모터 하류에 섬유소 분해 유전자(Cel D)를 연결하여 약 3.0 kb 크기의 재조합 벡터를 준비하였으며, 재조합 유전자를 1세포기 수정란 전핵내에 미세주입 하기 위해 Sal I과 BglII를 이용 유전자 단편을 만들었다. 구축된 유전자를 미세주입하기 위한 수정란을 회수하기위해 총68두의 돼지를 4-5두씩 분리사육하면서 발정동기화 및 과배란 유기를 위해 PG600, Altrenogest, FSH, hCG를 투여하였으며 hCG투여후 약54시간에 외과적 방법에 의해 총 1,359개의 수정란을 회수하였고, 이중 미세주입가능한 1세포기 수정란은 1,296개로 두당 평균 15.9개 였다. 1,296개의 1세포기 수정란 중에서 재조합 유전자(rE I-CelD)가 미세주입된 660개의 수정란을 32두의 수란돈에 외과적 방법에 의해 이식하였으며, 이식되어진 모돈 13두가 분만하여 40.6%의 임신율을 나타내었다. 이렇게 분만된 13두에서 총 65두(암:33두, 수:32두)의 자돈이 생산되었으며, 형질전환 여부를 판명하기 위해 자돈의 꼬리조직으로 부터 genomic DNA를 추출하고 PCR 검정을 실시하였다. PCR 검정 결과, 섬유소 분해 유전자가 도입된 자돈은 5두 이었으며, 그 결과를 Table에 나타내었다.(Table Omitted) Table 1 에서와 같이 섬유소 분해효소유전자가 형질전환된 자돈은 65마리 중 5마리로 7.69%의 형질전환율을 나타내었으며, 5마리의 자돈중 2두(암:1두, 수:1두)는 분만 후 즉시 폐사되었으며 2두(암:1두, 수:1두)는 86일령 그리고 14일령에 폐사하여 현재 1두(암)가 생존하여 섬유소 분해 사양 실험 중에 있다.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.163-176
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• 2009

Objectives : To address most probable and suitable method for designing clinical trial intervening Traditional Korean Herbal Medicine on hwa-byung. Study Design : A systematic review of research studies of complementary and/or alternative medical(CAM) treatment of depression, and of domestic clinical trials of Traditional Korean Medicine, and of Chinese clinical trials of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Methods : Randomized, controlled trials(RCTs) of treatment of depression intervening herbal medicine were searched through MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases. Also, domestic RCTs intervening Traditional Korean Herbal Medicine were searched through Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal and Korean studies Information Service System(KISS). Studies were evaluated using Iadad scale and self-designed tool for this study. Results : Thirty four RCT studies( 10 from MEDLINE, 16 from CNKI, 8 domestic studies) of herbal medicine met inclusion criteria. Mean Jadad score of studies published in English was 2.8${\pm}$0.79, in Chinese 1.94${\pm}$0.77, and in Korean 2.75${\pm}$0.71. Twenty one percent of studies included pattern differentiation in their inclusion criteria. Twenty nine percent of studies used combined treatment of herbal and conventional medicine. Among studies on depression, 9% included Complementary Medical assessing tools. Conclusions : There is shortage of domestic clinical trial involving herbal medicine. In China, studies tend to focus on investigating effect of Combined treatment of herbal and conventional medicine on depression. Clinical trial(s) of hwa-byung should provide good internal validity by describing methodology for randomization, double-blinding, and attrition. Also, specific guideline for clinical trial, including Traditional Korean Medical aspects across inclusion criteria, and assessing tools is needed.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 2010

Derivatives of a novel natural compunds, melanostatin (PLG-$NH_2$) were prepared by solid phase synthesis[1,2] and assayed to evaluate their melanogensis inhibitory activity. Also, a small library (natural compound-XLG-$NH_2$, natural compound-X LG-OH) was prepared with same method for increasing synthetic yield and cost-reduction. PLG-$NH_2$ (Proline-Leucine-Glycine-$NH_2$) was well-known tripeptide as its $\alpha$-MSH release-inhibiting activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity[3-5]. In order to choose best candidate for peptide derivatization, various natural compounds were screened by their tyrosinase inhibitory activity. As a result, caffeic acid and coumaric acid were selected. Most of these derivatives showed better activities than the parent natural compound, melanostatin.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.227-252
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• 2018

The evolution of instant communication has mirrored the development of the Internet and messenger applications are among the most representative manifestations of instant communication technologies. In messenger applications, senders use emoticons to supplement the emotions conveyed in the text of their messages. The fact that communication via messenger applications is not face-to-face makes it difficult for senders to communicate their emotions to message recipients. Emoticons have long been used as symbols that indicate the moods of speakers. However, at present, emoticon-use is evolving into a means of conveying the psychological states of consumers who want to express individual characteristics and personality quirks while communicating their emotions to others. The fact that companies like KakaoTalk, Line, Apple, etc. have begun conducting emoticon business and sales of related content are expected to gradually increase testifies to the significance of this phenomenon. Nevertheless, despite the development of emoticons themselves and the growth of the emoticon market, no suitable emoticon recommendation system has yet been developed. Even KakaoTalk, a messenger application that commands more than 90% of domestic market share in South Korea, just grouped in to popularity, most recent, or brief category. This means consumers face the inconvenience of constantly scrolling around to locate the emoticons they want. The creation of an emoticon recommendation system would improve consumer convenience and satisfaction and increase the sales revenue of companies the sell emoticons. To recommend appropriate emoticons, it is necessary to quantify the emotions that the consumer sees and emotions. Such quantification will enable us to analyze the characteristics and emotions felt by consumers who used similar emoticons, which, in turn, will facilitate our emoticon recommendations for consumers. One way to quantify emoticons use is metadata-ization. Metadata-ization is a means of structuring or organizing unstructured and semi-structured data to extract meaning. By structuring unstructured emoticon data through metadata-ization, we can easily classify emoticons based on the emotions consumers want to express. To determine emoticons' precise emotions, we had to consider sub-detail expressions-not only the seven common emotional adjectives but also the metaphorical expressions that appear only in South Korean proved by previous studies related to emotion focusing on the emoticon's characteristics. We therefore collected the sub-detail expressions of emotion based on the "Shape", "Color" and "Adumbration". Moreover, to design a highly accurate recommendation system, we considered both emotion-technical indexes and emoticon-emotional indexes. We then identified 14 features of emoticon-technical indexes and selected 36 emotional adjectives. The 36 emotional adjectives consisted of contrasting adjectives, which we reduced to 18, and we measured the 18 emotional adjectives using 40 emoticon sets randomly selected from the top-ranked emoticons in the KakaoTalk shop. We surveyed 277 consumers in their mid-twenties who had experience purchasing emoticons; we recruited them online and asked them to evaluate five different emoticon sets. After data acquisition, we conducted a factor analysis of emoticon-emotional factors. We extracted four factors that we named "Comic", Softness", "Modernity" and "Transparency". We analyzed both the relationship between indexes and consumer attitude and the relationship between emoticon-technical indexes and emoticon-emotional factors. Through this process, we confirmed that the emoticon-technical indexes did not directly affect consumer attitudes but had a mediating effect on consumer attitudes through emoticon-emotional factors. The results of the analysis revealed the mechanism consumers use to evaluate emoticons; the results also showed that consumers' emoticon-technical indexes affected emoticon-emotional factors and that the emoticon-emotional factors affected consumer satisfaction. We therefore designed the emoticon recommendation system using only four emoticon-emotional factors; we created a recommendation method to calculate the Euclidean distance from each factors' emotion. In an attempt to increase the accuracy of the emoticon recommendation system, we compared the emotional patterns of selected emoticons with the recommended emoticons. The emotional patterns corresponded in principle. We verified the emoticon recommendation system by testing prediction accuracy; the predictions were 81.02% accurate in the first result, 76.64% accurate in the second, and 81.63% accurate in the third. This study developed a methodology that can be used in various fields academically and practically. We expect that the novel emoticon recommendation system we designed will increase emoticon sales for companies who conduct business in this domain and make consumer experiences more convenient. In addition, this study served as an important first step in the development of an intelligent emoticon recommendation system. The emotional factors proposed in this study could be collected in an emotional library that could serve as an emotion index for evaluation when new emoticons are released. Moreover, by combining the accumulated emotional library with company sales data, sales information, and consumer data, companies could develop hybrid recommendation systems that would bolster convenience for consumers and serve as intellectual assets that companies could strategically deploy.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.89-114
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• 2012

For as to world, the concern about the environment problem is enhanced than any other time in the past because of being 21 century. And the environment problem is highlighted as the world-wide issue. The time of the environment problem intimidates the alive of the mankind and presence of an earth over the time. It becomes the essentiality not being selection in the personal living or the economical viewpoint now to prepare for the climatic modification. As to the company management, the green growth period which it excludes the environment management considering an environment, cannot carry on the company the continued management comes. That is, in the change center of the management paradigm, there is the environment management. Nearly, the greenhouse gas which the publication industry is the environmental toxic material like all industries is generated. The greenhouse gas is ejected in the process of running the manufacturing process and print shop of the various kinds material used as the raw material of the book. Particularly, the tree felling for getting the material of the paper is known to reach the direct influence on the global warming. This study does according to an object it considers and organizes the environment parameter based on this kind of fact as to the publication industry. And it is determined as the reference which is used as the basic materials preparing the case that carbon exhaust right transaction(CAP and TRADE) drawing are enforced in all industries and is sustainable the management of the publication industry and reduces the environmental risk among the company many risk management elements and plans and enforces the publication related policy that there is a value. In the printing publication industry, this study tried to inquire into elements discharging the environmental pollutant or the greenhouse gas. Additionally, in the printed publication production process, it tried to inquire into the effort for an environment-friendly and necessity at the printing paper and the printers ink, regarded as the element discharging the greenhouse gas all kinds of the printing materials, operation of the print shop and all kinds of the machines and recycle process, and etc. These considerations make these industrial field employees aware of the significance about a conservation and environmental protection. They try to give a help in the subsequent study producing quantitatively each environmental parameter emission of green house gas. This makes the calculation of the relative $CO_2$ output reproached ultimately possible. Meanwhile, in a sense, many research protects and improving an environment in connection with the contents of research at the printing publication industrial field is in progress. There will be the voluntary human face that it has to protect an environment but this can not do by the outside factor according to all kinds of environment related law and regulation. Anyway, because of acting on company management as the factor of oppression, the increase of this environment-related correspondence cost could know that the research that the environment loading relates with a procurement and development, environment management system introduction, quality control standard, including, normalizing including a material, and etc. through the part of the effort to reduce the cost low was actively in progress. As to the green growth era, as follows, this paper prescribed the subject and alternative of the print publication industry. It is surrounded by the firstly new digital environment and the generation of the subject. And secondly the printing industry is caused by the point of time when the green growth leaves by the topic which is largest in the global industry and it increases. The printing publication industry has to prepare the bridgehead for the environment-friendly green growth as the alternative for this resolution with first. The support blown in each industry becomes the obligation not being selection. Prestek in which the print publishing was exposed to spend many energies and which is known as the practice of the sustainable print publishing insisted that it mentioned importance of the green printing through the white pages in 2008 and a company had to be the green growth comprised through the environment-friendly activity. The core management for the sustainable printing publication industry presented from Presstack white pages is compacted to 4 words that it is a remove, reduce, recover, and recycle. Second, positively the digital printing(POD) system should be utilized. In the worldwide print out market, the digital printing area stops at the level of 10% or so but the change over and growth of the market of an analog-to-digital will increase rapidly in the future. As to the CEO Jeff Hayes of the Infoland, the offset print referred to that it of the traditional method got old and infirm with the minor phase of the new printing application like the customer to be wanted publication and the print of the digital method led the market. In conclusion, print publishers have to grasp well the market flow in the situation where a digitalization cannot be generalized and a support cannot avoid. And it keeps pace with the flow of the digital age and the recognition about the effort for the development and environment problem have to be raised. Particularly, the active green strategy is employed for the active green strategy.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.55
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• pp.39-71
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the reality of the records management of the National Assembly members and suggest a desirable alternative. Until the Public Records Management Act was enacted in 1999, the level of the records management in the National Assembly was not beyond that of the document management in both the administration and the legislature. Rather, the National Assembly has maintained a records management tradition that systematically manages the minutes and bills since the Constitutional Assembly. After the Act was legislated in 2000, the National Assembly Records Management Regulation was enacted and enforced, and the Archives was established in the form of a subsidiary organ of the Secretariat of the National Assembly, even though its establishment is not obligatory. In addition, for the first time, an archivist was assigned as a records and archives researcher in Korea, whose role is to respond quickly in accordance with the records schedule of the National Assembly, making its service faster than that of the administration. However, the power of the records management of the National Assembly Archives at the time of the Secretariat of the National Assembly was greatly reduced, so the revision of the regulations in accordance with the revised Act in 2007 was not completed until 2011. In the case of the National Assembly, the direct influence of the executive branch was insignificant. As the National Assembly had little direct influence on the administration, it had little positive influence on records management innovation under Roh Moo-Hyun Administration. Even within the National Assembly, the records management observed by its members is insignificant both in practice and in theory. As the National Assembly members are excluded from the Act, there is no legal basis to enforce a records management method upon them. In this study, we analyze the records management problem of the National Assembly members, which mainly concerns the National Assembly records management plan established in the National Archives. Moreover, this study proposes three kinds of records management methods for the National Assembly members, namely, the legislation and revision of regulations, the records management consulting of the National Assembly members, and the transfer of the dataset of administrative information systems and websites.