• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.11
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• pp.951-959
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate observed runoff data collected every 10 minutes at stream gauging stations in Jeju Island using a physically-based model, SWAT. The Hancheon watershed was selected as study area, and ephemeral stream algorithm suggested by previous research was incorporated into the model, which is able to simulate ephemeral runoff pattern of Jeju streams. Simulated runoff and runoff rates were compared to observations during 2008-2013, which showed 'very good' performance rating in Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (ME) and determination coefficient ($R^2$). Some observations had problems such that runoff rates were very high for some rainfall events with little amount of antecedent rainfall, and were very low or missing with much rainfall comparing to previous researches. Additionally, regression equation between precipitation and simulated runoff was generated with high degree of correlation. The equation can be utilized to simply predict reasonable runoff, or to investigate and complement the abnormal or missing data of observations on the assumption that modelling results were sufficiently reliable and satisfactory. As results, minimizing the error in calibrating the model by evaluation of observed data would be helpful to accurately model the rainfall-runoff characteristics and analyze the water balance components of watersheds in Jeju Island.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2007

In a homothallic ascomycete Aspergillus nidulans, sexual development is inhibited by various environmental stresses such as acetate medium, visible light and high osmolarity conditions. In order to study the genes involved in this stress-related regulatory network, we first attempted to isolate mutants that could develop cleistothecia even in the presence of any of those stresses including intensive visible light. More than 10,000 mutants were screened and 167 mutants were analyzed. Among them, 152 mutants underwent sexual development under the single stress condition of either high osmotic, high acetate or light condition but no sexual development in more than two stresses. Six mutants can produce cleistothecia under light or acetate stress but not in salt stress. Moreover, 6 mutants showed the ability to develop cleistothecia under the light but not under the acetate or osmo-stress. The mutants were revealed to have independent single gene mutation and grouped into different complementation groups (silA-F). The mutant alleles were all recessive to that of wild type. The light responsiveness of development implies the existence of delicate regulation process including reception and translocation of light signaling and determination of development.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.109-129
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• 2003

This study is intended to examine how strategic nature of the alliaTnce, characteristics of input resource, communication activities will affect the strategic partnership(trust/commitment) and performance in the strategic alliance between internet shopping mall and the third party logistics. The variables affecting the partnership(trust/commitment) between internet shopping mall and the third party logistics produced the result to prove what I intend to suggest in this study, in verifying four hypotheses such as strategic importance, complementation of resource, quality of communication, share of information. It was found that the partnership have a significant positive influences on the performance of strategic alliance. As most of the domestic Internet shopping malls employ the third party logistics strategically, the implications from this study are as following: First, this study attempts to find out factors influencing partnership(trust/commitment) and the performance of strategic alliances. Second, the results that strategic partnership can build up based on the long term thrust and commitment implies operation and management are important during operation of strategic alliance. Third, this study provides the model of determinants of partnership and performance in the strategic alliance for logistics services which is one of the factors consumers in the Internet shopping mall are most sensitively response to, and quantifies the model through the empirical analysis.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.106-118
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to realize volunteer fire departments' historical identity through a review of the transition process from the quickening period of volunteer fire departments to the enactment of the volunteer fire department act in 2014, establish it newly from the viewpoint of changing the basic theoretical concepts, and seek a development plan. For this, the technical approach method was used based on the research method of literature searches. The result of the study established the definition as 'volunteer fire departments are legal auxiliary organizations composed by local residents who volunteer and understand one another with their independent and voluntary will to prepare for all kinds of disasters as well as fire suppression, rescue, and first aid.' and the installation ideology as 'leading service organizations of safety as a form of community involvement', 'resident-friendly organizational activities based on autonomous operational operation' and 'the activities of supplementing their demands according to the realization of social welfare and regional conditions'. Regarding the characteristics, the basic theoretical concept was newly established by 'voluntary participation', 'social expandability', 'the realization and complementation of social welfare', and 'professionalism and possibilities'. In addition it is expected that the results of this study can be utilized as the basic materials in studies of volunteer fire departments in the future.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.231-238
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• 2017

Rapid industrial development has led to a serious problem of pollution in the industrial sector. With the increasing social need for environmental protection, research on air pollution prevention equipment for reducing pollutants in industrial processes is actively being undertaken. The deterioration of existent, installed facilities, their increased emission rates, and the strengthening of the effluent quality standards make complying with permissible emission standards difficult. In fact, installing new electric precipitators or complementing existent facilities is inevitable. The expansion and complementation of the installed electrical precipitators have led to improvements in dust collection efficiency, shorter working times, and lower costs. Because of its easy installation and simple manufacturing process, the production method with the discharge electrode of an electric precipitator is widely used. The following conclusions were reached by classifying discharge electrodes into four types based on the production method and mutually comparing them by their dust collection efficiency. None of the four types used in this study were damaged by impact. However, we were able to confirm some strain from the compression sites of both type A and type B. Both type B and type C are expected to have greater dust collection efficiencies than the other models due to their large vibration transmissibility. Moreover, the high vibrational energy is expected to cause rapping damage during its operation. Particularly, in the case of type B, some of the strain was found at the end of the compression site. The coupling schemes of both type C and type D are out of vibration transmissibility. On the other hand, the ability to maintain straightness and solidity of the side is regarded as outstanding and stable. Type D has outstanding on-site workability, considering the presence of locking, structural stability, and work conditions. From these experiments, we determined that type C is the most ideal connection method of discharge electrode, considering its construction period of renovation. Type C is inferior to type D with regard to on-site workability. However, type C has outstanding dedusting transmission with regard to the straightness, solidity maintenance, and vibration of shearing stress.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.45-56
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• 2016

According to attended about startup, there are many policy and program for activating of startup. Government's policy and program was scale up and arrangements for high quality. Nevertheless, policies and programs are concentrated on ante-startup stage. And experts have questioned that effect. So, there are needed a program focusing pre-startup and incubation stage. Accordingly, this study propose a kind of educative program named Pre-Startup Support Program. Through the program, pre-startup teams or entrepreneurs will inspect items, business skills and surroundings of market and competitors. And they have a time for complementation of deficiency. This study selects ETRI spin-off(research based spin-off born ETRI) by means of an object of study. ETRI's programs are started in 2011 with intent to incubate the entrepreneur through market research, mentoring, space of incubation and funds. This study analyze using the ISA(Important-Satisfaction Analyze) and the regression. We classify the pre-startup support program using the ISA. And then, we analyze the influence of satisfaction using the regression. On the basis of results, we identify the effectiveness of pre-startup support program and propose plans for reinforcement. In conclusion, adopting a pre-startup support program is expected to success of startup.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.179-214
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• 2012

There are two opinions on the legal characteristics of damages for non-pecuniary loss, a private sanctions theory and complementary function of damages for non-pecuniary loss, briefly. There is a close connection between the legal characteristics and the function of damages for non-pecuniary loss. The functions of damages for non-pecuniary loss are consist of satisfaction, prevention( sanctions) and complementation. Several cases of medical injury relief reported to Korea Comsumer Agency are categorized as follows, 1) cases of death after having an operation, 2) diagnosed with disability after a medical accident, 3) extended damages happening related to delayed diagnosis, 4) et cetera(a plastic surgery, a treatment with oriental medicine), and the damages for non-pecuniary loss in respect to each cases are examined. In the case of occurring death or disability, Korea Comsumer Agency has set up guidelines for assessment of damages for non-pecuniary loss by classifying into major and collateral violation for a duty of care. Furthermore, the damages for non-pecuniary loss in the case of all sorts of cancers, are assessed in accordance with the degree of responsibility subsequent to dividing cancer into good and poor prognosis. When it comes to a complementary function of damages for non-pecuniary loss in the actual work, it is hard to assess the damages as it is difficult to objectify non-pecuniary loss, such as emotional distress. Though compensation for damages is major legal characteristics of consolation money, preventing a damage(private sanctions) through consolation for a victim or sanctions against an assailant also has great significance. Therefore, it is necessary to approach flexibly for mutual agreement by considering specialty( concrete facts) of individual issue thoroughly. If considering this aging society that limits the possible age for work to 60 years old, it is needed to have a complementary function of consolation money in mind not to make it less meaningful for victims due to small sum of consolation money.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.97-111
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• 2012

This study aims to find a proper construction cost calculation method by comparing unit prices of cost estimate in landscape construction among other public ordering construction projects. There were 7 out of 12 items from the actual work cost in the first half of 2011 were compared. The 12 items were classified as landscape Architectural construction and the 7 items were the approximate standard. As applied construction types, the comparable 35 items out of the 80 actual work cost items applied to 5 sites were compared to the unit price of the standard quantity per unit in March 2011, which was the approximate standard. Actual construction rate of the 7 items in the category of landscape sector was 104.86% for each item and 92.09% as a total construction cost. The high actual construction rate was caused by the high rate of seed spray depending on the status of applying rocks. However, there were more fundamental reasons for the cost generated from aslope treatment for grass and seed spray. So, it requires more detailed regulations on the modification factors for each soil type, the standard and needs to improve theillogical standard quantity per unit system. Actual construction rate of the 35 items in the applied sectors of civil engineering and architecture was 78.65% for each item and 71.31% (70.17%) as a total construction cost. This shows that actual unit cost cannot reflect actual cost structurally and standard quantity per unit system lacks practicality in terms of construction due to thelabor force. 85.1~91.2 % actual construction rate announced by the Ministry of Land and Maritime Affairs referred to the newly switched items. So the result was estimated as actual construction rate. This requires supplementation after verification in order to make the actual work cost produce at a proper rate. Also, standard quantity per unit system needs complementation with these actual data and so on.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.49-72
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• 2021

This study analyzes the major content, significances, and future outlook of Three Data Acts amendment enacted in August 2020 in South Korea, with the focus on their impact on the financial and data industries. It seems that the revision of the Credit Information Act will enable the specification of a business which had previously only been regulated as the business of credit inquiry, and also enable the domestic data industry to activate the MyData industry, data trading and platforms, and specify data pseudonymization and trading procedures. For the rational and efficient implementation of the amendments to the Three Data Acts, the Personal Information Protection Committee must be as transparent and lawful in its activities as possible, and fairness must be guaranteed. Even in the utilization of personal information, the development or complementation of the related data processing technologies is essential, and clear data processing methods and areas must be regulated. Furthermore, the amendments must be supported with guarantees and the systematization of a fair competitive system in the data market, stricter regulations on penalties for illegal acts related to data, establishment and strengthening of the related security systems, and reinforcement of the system of cooperation for data transfer.

• Journal of vocational education research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.1-23
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop evaluation indicators which can help decision making in the quality control and improvement of the job capability strengthening program for the vocational high school depending on the situation, input, process and output of CIPP evaluation model. For this purpose, through the literature review and the research of expert opinions, the evaluation indicators for the job capability strengthening program in the vocational high school was designed. In addition, the Delphi research was conducted to 15 teachers in charge of job searching in specialized high schools and education related experts to validate it. The CVR value which indicates the value of validity was analyzed through the findings of the collected Delphi questionnaires and the degree of opinion consistency was analyzed through the degrees of agreement and convergence. Through the correction and complementation, the final evaluation criteria and evaluation indicators was decided. The evaluation criteria developed from the findings include 7 references such as requirement analysis, objective setting, implementation plan, implementation contents, program activities, program control & evaluation and program performance. Each Criteria has 41 evaluation indicators. It is expected that the finally decided evaluation indicators would be used by the people concerned with the job capability strengthening program at the vocational high schools and contribute to the quality improvement of the job capability strengthening program at the vocational high schools as well as its future directions.