• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.202-215
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to an in estigate the antibiotic susceptibiliity of Actinoobacillus actinomycetemcomitans isolated from the subgingival plaque to adult periodontitis. Seven bacterial strains were tested for their susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents under disk diffusion method and broth dilution methold, Seven patients with deep pocket(6mm) were selected for this study. They had not taken antibiotics for 6 months and no history of dental treatment for 6 months and no history of dental treatment for 6 months before this study. The results were as follows : 1. For the antibiotic disk diffusion method, seven A. actinimycetemcomitans were tested with 10 antimicrobial agents which comprised penicillin, gentamycin, clindamycin, lincomycin, ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, amikacin, chloramphenicol, and vancomycin. The sensitive antibiotics were tetracycline, vancomycin, and chloramphenicol and the resistant antibiotics were clindamycin, and lincomycin. The other antimicrobial agents were less active. 2. From the study of determination on the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) by broth dilution method, the MIC of tetracycline to seven strains of the A. actinomycetemcomitans was $0.5-1.0{\mu}g/ml$, that of clindamycin was $32{\mu}g/ml$. These data suggest that tetracycline may be valuable drugs in the elimination of A. actinimycetemcomitans from the patients with adult periodontitis

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.330-334
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• 2001

The polymorphism of Azospirillum isolates from ornamental rhizosphere and two reference strains were examined with respect to intrinsic antibiotic resistance (IAR) profile. All the isolates showed different intrinsic resistances to different antibiotics viz., tetracycline, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, ampicillin, spectinomycin and chloramphenicol. All the strains demonstrated susceptibility to high concentration of all antibiotics used in the present experiment. In addition to these general patterns, we also obseved the multiple antibiotic resistances of Azospirillum strains. The Azospirillum sp. OAD-11 was resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin and ampicillin, and Azospirillum sp. OAD-57 was resistant to tetracycline and streptomycin. Conversely, Azospirillum sp. OAD-9 possessed the dual susceptibility to tetracycline and spectinomycin, whereas Azospirillum sp. OAD-37 was dual susceptible to streptomycin and kanamycin. Such multiple antibiotic resistant/susceptible traits could be useful for the identification of the strains in field experiments or in molecular genetic transfer experiments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1105-1112
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• 2009

Antibiotics are biologically active substances and commonly used for therapeutic treatment of infectious disease in humans and for treating and protecting the health of animals. In recent years, antibiotics have attracted worldwide attention because of their side effects on the environment. Consequently, efforts have been made to monitor the residual of antibiotics in the environment. This study tested the mobility of tetracyclines and sulfonamides in soil and leachate through column experiments. The three tetracycline antibiotics showed higher mass recovery rates in all kinds of soils(28.00~44.11%) than in leachate(10.54~27.43%). This seems attributable to the high adsorption coefficient values($K_d$) of tetracyclines representing strong and active adsorbability to organic and mineral phases in soil, ending up relatively small amount being detected in surface water. By contrast, the sulfonamides(sulfamethazine and sulfathiazole) showed higher mass recovery rates in leachate(23.19~26.20%) compared to in soil(10.41~14.21%) due to lower adsorption coefficient values and higher mobility of sulfonamides, enabling easier movement to surface water through the runoff in the environment.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.336-341
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• 2006

The endophytic bacteria were isolated from the rusty-root ginseng. This isolated bacteria were occurred the rusty-root ginseng with artificial inoculation. For the suppressing of rusty-ginseng, disinfectants, antibiotics, kitosan, micro-organisms and metabolites were tested to isolated endophytic bacterium. All of the isolated bacteria strains were sensitive sodium hypochlorite, however, some of isolated bacteria lines were sensitive to other tested materials. For example, D (didecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide), CIO$_2$, ODDA (octyldecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride + diocyul dimethyl ammonium chloride + alkyl diethyl benzyl ammonium chloride), GD (glutaraldehyde + dimethy cocobenzyl ammonium chloride) suppressed some of bacteria strains. Otherwise, some of antibiotics (e.g. ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, kanamycin, neomycin, rifampin, streptomycin, tetracycline) were sensitive to the isolated bacteria strains. All of isolated bacteria strainswere inhibitive to the mixed formation with neomycin and streptomycin, and neomycin and tetracycline. Both sodium hypochlorite and antibiotic mixing of neomycin and tetracycline were effective to prevention of rusty-root ginseng of sub-merging ginseng in the ginseng field.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.734-740
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• 2010

Overuse of veterinary antibiotics threats public health and surrounding environment due to the occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic's concentrations of tetracycline (TC), chlortetracycline (CTC), and oxytetracycline (OTC) in a tetracycline group (TCs), sulfamethazine (SMT), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and sulfathiazole (STZ) in a sulfonamide group, lasalocid (LSL), monensin (MNS), and salinomycin (SLM) in a ionophore (IPs), and tylosin (TYL) in a macrolide (MLs) group from soil, water, and sediment samples adjacent to a cattle manure composting facility. For all samples of soil, water, and sediment, the highest concentrations were detected in TCs among the tested antibiotics because of its higher annual consumption in veterinary farms, Korea and its higher cohesiveness with divalent or trivalent cations in soil. Moreover, the concentrations of residual antibiotics in September were generally higher than in June because of heavier rainfall in June. We suggest that continual monitoring and developing guideline of antibiotics are needed to control residual antibiotics in the environment.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.1359-1366
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• 2014

Seven tetracycline classes of antibiotics were treated using ultraviolet (UV) and $UV/H_2O_2$ oxidation. Two different UV lamps were used for the UV and $UV/H_2O_2$ oxidation. The performance of the UV oxidation was different depending on the lamp type. The medium pressure lamp showed better performance than the low pressure lamp. Combining the low pressure lamp with hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) improved the removal performance substantially. The by-products formation of tetracycline by UV and $UV/H_2O_2$ were investigated. The protonated form ($[1+H]^+$) of tetracycline was m/z 445, reacted to yield almost exclusively two oxidation by-products by UV and $UV/H_2O_2$ oxidation. Their protonated forms of by-products were m/z 461 and m/z 477. The structures of tetracycline's by-products in UV and $UV/H_2O_2$ system were similar.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1977

Two hundred and twenty-seven strains of Escherichia coli isolated from 25 hens (12 hens received tetracycline neomycin and sulfadimethoxine, and 13 hens not received antibiotics) were studied for the drug resistance and distribution of R factors. About 74 per cent of E. coli strains isolated from hens of a herd received antibiotics were resistance to tetracycline (TC) streptomycin (SM), chloramphenicol (CM), kanamycin (KM), ampicillin (AP) and sulfisomidine (Su), alone or in combination thereof, but only a hen among a herd not received antibiotics excreted E. coli resistant to TC and SM. Among resistant strains, about 7% were found to be resistant to TC and SM, whereas 93% were resistant to three or more antibiotics. The most common pattern was the quadruple resistant to SM, TC, KM and Su (28.7%), and followed by triple ones to SM, TC and Su (25.3%), and SM, TC and KM (24.7%). About 84% of resistant strains carried R factors which were transferable to the recipient by conjugation.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 1974

The agar plate titrations of antibiotic sensitivities of Salmonella and Shigella isolated from human during 1967 to 1972 were studies. 1. The most effective antibiotics against Salmonella and Shigella were chloramphenicol, tetracycline, kanamycin, minomycin, and gentamycin. 2. All strain of Salmonella typhi were resistant to cloxacilline. 3. The most effective antibiotics against Shigella were kanamycin, gentamycin and minomycin.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.543-554
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the existence of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole resistance Helicobacter pylori and to determine the in-vitro MIC of two and three kinds of antibiotic concominant administration in the isolates. The antimicrobial agents tested against 169 H. pylori included metronidazole, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, omeprazole, josamycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. MIC of each antimicrobial agents was determined by broth microdilution method. The 169 strains of H. pylori were isolated from biopsy specimens of patients with gastric cancer. $MIC_{50}$ of clarithromycin, amoxicillin, metronidazole, omeprazole, erythromycin, josamycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin was 2.0, 1.0, 4.0, 8.0, 0.5, 0.5, and $0.5\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. $MIC_{90}$ of clarithromycin, amoxicillin, metronidazole, omeprazole, erythromycin, josamycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin was 64.0, 64.0, 32.0, 16.0, 8.0, 2.0, and $1.0\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. H. pylori isolates were detected in the following resistaince rates: 34.3% to clarithromycin, 31.9% to metronidazole, 20.7% to amoxicillin, 12.4% to erythromycin, and 10.1% to josamycin. The prevalence of the antibiotic resistant strains of H. pylori were detected 18.1% for two kind of antibiotics and 9.6% for three kind of antibiotics, and 3.9% for four kind of antibiotics. The $MIC_{90}$ of clarithromycin-, metronidazole-, and amoxicillin-resistant H. pylori was decreased under the $1\;{\mu}g/ml$ by the two or three kind of antibiotic concomitant administration in-vitro. These results suggest that two or three antibiotics concomitant administration could be more effective for the treatment of clarithromycin-, amoxicillin-, metronidazole-, and josamycin-resistant H. pylori strains.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.641-650
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of air and oxygen injected into the underwater non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBD plasma) device used to remove five types of antibiotics (tetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, clindamycin, and erythromycin) artificially contained in the fish farm discharge water. The voltage given to generate DBD plasma was 27.8 kV, and the measurement intervals were 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 minutes. Tetracycline antibiotics significantly decreased in 4 minutes when air was injected and were reduced in 30 seconds when oxygen was injected. After the introduction of air and oxygen at 32 minutes, 78.1% and 95.8% of tetracycline were removed, 77.1% and 96.3% of doxycycline were removed, and 77.1% and 95.5% of oxytetracycline were removed, respectively. In air and oxygen, 59.6% and 83.0% of clindamycin and 53.3% and 74.3% of erythromycin were removed, respectively. The two antibiotics showed lower removal efficiency than tetracyclines. In conclusion, fish farm discharge water contains five different types of antibiotics that can be reduced using underwater DBD plasma, and oxygen gas injection outperformed air in terms of removal efficiency.