• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.415-423
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to report the changes in underwater anxiety, physical self-efficacy, and water safety consciousness in elementary school students through participation in survival swimming education, and the relationship between variables. For this purpose, 300 out of 312 elementary school students who participated in survival swimming education in Busan were used as valid samples. The collected data were analyzed through exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correspondence sample t-test, and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 25.0 statistical program, and the results are as follows. First, the underwater anxiety of elementary school students before and after participating in survival swimming education decreased, and the physical self-efficacy and water safety awareness increased. Second, underwater anxiety of elementary school students who participated in survival swimming education partially negatively affected physical self-efficacy and water safety consciousness, and physical self-efficacy partially positively affected water safety consciousness. Based on these results, the effectiveness of survival swimming education could be confirmed, and the direction of qualitative expansion of the program could be reconsidered.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.400-414
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• 2021

Under high-level radioactive waste repository conditions, bentonite as an engineered barrier material undergoes thermal, hydrological, mechanical, and chemical processes. We report the applications of X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) imaging technique on the characterization and analysis of bentonite over the past decade to provide a reference of the utilization of this technique and the recent research trends. This overview of the X-ray CT technique applications includes the characterization of the bentonite either in pellets or powder form. X-ray imaging has provided a means to extract grain information at the microscale and identify crack networks responsible for the pellets' heterogeneity. Regarding samples of pellets-powder mixtures under hydration, X-ray CT allowed the identification and monitoring of heterogeneous zones throughout the test. Some results showed how zones with pellets only swell faster compared to others composed of pellets and powder. Moreover, the behavior of fissures between grains and bentonite matrix was observed to change under drying and hydrating conditions, tending to close during the former and open during the latter. The development of specializing software has allowed obtaining strain fields from a sequence of images. In more recent works, X-ray CT technique has served to estimate the dry density, water content, and particle displacement at different testing times. Also, when temperature was added to the hydration process of a sample, CT technology offered a way to observe localized and global density changes over time.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.511-530
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• 2020

The present study aimed to examine the moderating effects of marital satisfaction (MS) on the association between the number of chronic disease (CD) and depressive symptoms (DS) among ol der men and women. The 6th wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing was utilized and the sample was married men (N=585) and women (N=460) aged 65 and over. Multiple regression analysis using SPSS WIN 25.0 and Process Macro was used to test moderating effects of MS. Control variables were age, education, household income, parent-child relationship satisfaction, self-rated health, cognitive function, current smoking status and CD of spouse. Resul ts from elderly men showed the moderating effect of MS was significant. Specifically, those with more CD were more likely to report higher level of DS in the low MS group. However, the effect of CD on DS was not significant in the high MS group. Results from elderly women showed the moderating effect of MS was not significant. This study showed the moderating effect of MS on the association between CD and DS differed by gender in later life. It suggests practical intervention to utilize the resources of spouses is in need to promote mentally healthy aging even though having chronically ill in later life.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.89-102
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• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of shipping service firm's perceived relational benefits on switching barriers and loyalty focusing on tug boat service. To achieve the purpose of the research, literature survey on existing literature, thesis, research report is performed and also reliability analysis, validity test and multiple regression analysis using SPSSWIN 18.0 is used in this research. To verify a research model and hypothesis, a questionnaire survey among employees of shipping companies and shipping agencies was executed. 76 copies of total 200 copies of questionnaires were collected and the number of questionnaire used for empirical analysis was 76 copies. The main results of the study are summarized as below. First, Hypothesis 1 "shipping service firm's perceived relational benefits has a positive impact on the switching barrier" was supported by this study. Second, Hypothesis 2 "shipping service firm's perceived relational benefits has a positive impact on the loyalty" was supported in this research. Finally, Hypothesis 3 "switching barrier has a positive impact on the customer's loyalty" was also supported. Further research can be extended by adding more questionnaires including more shipping service firms all over the nation.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.49-71
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• 2022

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of the corporate social responsibility by port operation organization on the brand asset, reputation and relationship performance perceived by interested parties. To achieve such a purpose, literature survey on various research papers and thesis, research report is carried out and also reliability analysis, validity test and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 18.0 are used. To verify a established research model for empirical analysis and hypotheses, questionnaires are distributed to the port operation organization, terminal operators, shipping companies and NGO. Total 414 copies of questionnaires were collected and used in this analysis. The main results of the study are summarized as below. First, it was confirmed that social responsibility of the port operation organization are classified into three categories; economic, legal, and charitable and ethical responsibility. Second, economic responsibility has a positive impact on the brand awareness and reputation. Third, legal responsibility has a positive impact on the trust and commitment. Fourth, charitable and ethical responsibility has a positive impact on brand image and awareness, reputation, trust and commitment. Further additional empirical research can be extended by distributing more questionnaires including several port operation organizations in Busan and Incheon.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2022

According to the World Water Development Report 2015 released by the United Nations, drinking water is expected to decrease by 40% by 2030. This does not mean that the amount of water decreases, but rather that the water source is contaminated due to environmental pollution. Because microbes are deeply related to water quality, the analysis of microbe is very important for water quality management. While the most common method currently used for microbial analysis is microscopic examination of the shape and feature after cell culture, as the gene analysis technology advances, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) can be applied to the microscopic microbiological analysis, and the application method has been studied. Among them, a reverse transcription (RT) step enables the analysis of RNA by RT-PCR. Integrated cell culture (ICC)-qPCR shortens the test time by using it with microbial culture analysis, and viability qPCR can reduce the false positive errors of samples collected from natural water source. Multiplex qPCR for improved throughput, and microfluidic qPCR for analysis with limited amount of sample has been developed In this paper, we introduce the case, principle and development direction of the qPCR method applied to the analysis of microorganisms.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.423-432
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• 2022

Background: The decreased expression of mu-opioid receptors (MOR) in the amygdala may be a key molecular in chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP). It is known that miR-339-5p expression in the amygdala of a stressed rat model was increased. Analyzed by RNAhybrid, miR-339-5p could target opioid receptor mu 1 (oprm1) which codes MOR directly. So, the authors hypothesized that miR-339-5p could regulate the expression of MOR via targeting oprm1 and cause the effects to CPSP. Methods: To simulate perioperative short-term stress, a perioperative stress prolongs incision-induced pain hypersensitivity without changing basal pain perception rat model was built. A pmiR-RB-REPORT^TM dual luciferase assay was taken to verify whether miR-339-5p could act on oprm1 as a target. The serum glucocorticoid level of rats was test. Differential expressions of MOR, GFAP, and pERK1/2 in each group of the rats' amygdala were tested, and the expressions of miR-339-5p in each group of rats' amygdalas were also measured. Results: Perioperative stress prolonged the recovery time of incision pain. The expression of MOR was down-regulated in the amygdala of rats in stress + incision (S + IN) group significantly compared with other groups (P < 0.050). miR-339-5p was up-regulated in the amygdala of rats in group S + IN significantly compared with other groups (P < 0.050). miR-339-5p acts on oprm1 3'UTR and take MOR mRNA as a target. Conclusions: Perioperative stress could increase the expression of miR-339-5p, and miR-339-5p could cause the expression of MOR to decrease via targeting oprm1. This regulatory pathway maybe an important molecular mechanism of CPSP.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.541-548
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• 2020

There is a growing demand for natural materials to replace adhesives based on volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the exclusion of VOCs from the manufacturing process leads to difficulties in manufacturing, and reduction in productivity and preservability. In this paper, we report the manufacture of natural bioadhesives using the carrageenan component of seaweed. λ-carrageenan, isolated from the extracted total carrageenan, was used to prepare a highly stable adhesive for paper. The resulting composition was 52.0 ± 1.0% λ-carrageenan, 30.5 ± 0.5% Polyvinylpyrrolidone, 1.0 ± 0.05% ethylhexylglycerin, 1.5 ± 0.05% glycerin, 13.5 ± 0.5% dextrine, and 0.6 ± 0.05% food-grade antifoam emulsion. The viscosity was found to be 1.13 ± 0.07 × 105 cP (25℃), UV degradation occurred at pH6.22, drying rate was 15min, △b^* was -10.79, and △E^* ab was 8.18. The bioadhesive showed an excellent adhesion strength of 44.63 kgf/cm². Thus this adhesive showed excellent fungal resistance and good adhesive persistence, without the presence of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), formaldehyde (HCHO), and heavy metals.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.137-147
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• 2020

This study is aimed to develop and validate the clinical competence scale of occupational therapy student. The development of clinical competence scale analyzed the definition of clinical performance and previous studies. preliminary examinations were conducted on 203 occupational therapy departments in 3rd and 4th grade to verify item analysis and job validity. After exploratory factor analysis, eight factors of professional consciousness, 11 items of occupational therapy evaluation factors, 4 items of occupational therapy intervention factors, and 4 items of communication factors were extracted into a total of 27 factors. As a result of verifying the reliability of each factor through the internal consistency coefficient Cronbach's α, it was found to be .87~.94 and the overall reliability was .96. The correlation between the total score and the factors of the clinical competence scale was statistically significant. Through the confirmatory factor analysis, the model fit test of the factor structure for 27 items of 4 factors (χ²=.76, df = .31, CFI = .81, TLI = .80, RMSEA = .79) is considered acceptable. Through this study, The clinical competence scale is a valid and reliable scale that can be useful for objectively assessing.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.227-239
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a standardization manual for Emotion To Emotion therapy. In this study, the processes and categories derived through literature search related to the Emotion To Emotion treatments, were revised and supplemented by the expert FGI (Focus Group Interview). Afterwards, the expert Delphi was conducted, to develop a standard manual for the disease types, purpose, and method of Emotion To Emotion therapy. Methods: In this study, literature analysis and expert Delphi, as a quantitative research method, were conducted, and the expert Focus Group Interview (FGI) was conducted as a qualitative study. The manual was completed by leading the consensus, on the standardization manual for Emotion To Emotion therapy. After that, a clinical expert Delphi was conducted to test the reliability as well as validity of the manual, through quantitative consensus on the manual of the Emotion To Emotion therapy. Results: First, as a result of literature studies, to date, studies related to Emotion To Emotion therapy have been qualitatively and quantitatively limited, as comparative literature related to clinical cases. Second, through expert FGI, the manual was structured with eight sub-factors for the indication diagnosis, six sub-factors for the implementation method, and 13 detailed factors. Third, through an expert Delphi, the consensus did the factor of indication, implementation methods, and implementation process, and developed a standardization manual for Emotion To Emotion therapy ver 1.0. Conclusions: Through literature analysis, expert FGI, and expert Delphi, the Emotion To Emotion therapy standardization manual ver 1.0 was completed, and will proceed with the revision and improvement report.