• Korean Security Journal
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• no.26
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• pp.29-58
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• 2011

Since 11 September 2001, warnings of risk in the nexus of terrorism and nuclear weapons and materials which poses one of the gravest threats to the international community have continued. The purpose of this study is to analyze the aim, principles, characteristics, activities, impediments to progress and developmental recommendation of the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism(GICNT). In addition, it suggests implications of the GICNT for the ROK policy. International community will need a comprehensive strategy with four key elements to accomplish the GICNT: (1) securing and reducing nuclear stockpiles around the world, (2) countering terrorist nuclear plots, (3) preventing and deterring state transfers of nuclear weapons or materials to terrorists, (4) interdicting nuclear smuggling. Moreover, other steps should be taken to build the needed sense of urgency, including: (1) analysis and assessment through joint threat briefing for real nuclear threat possibility, (2) nuclear terrorism exercises, (3) fast-paced nuclear security reviews, (4) realistic testing of nuclear security performance to defeat insider or outsider threats, (5) preparing shared database of threats and incidents. As for the ROK, main concerns are transfer of North Korea's nuclear weapons, materials and technology to international terror groups and attacks on nuclear facilities and uses of nuclear devices. As the 5th nuclear country, the ROK has strengthened systems of physical protection and nuclear counterterrorism based on the international conventions. In order to comprehensive and effective prevention of nuclear terrorism, the ROK has to strengthen nuclear detection instruments and mobile radiation monitoring system in airports, ports, road networks, and national critical infrastructures. Furthermore, it has to draw up effective crisis management manual and prepare nuclear counterterrorism exercises and operational postures. The fundamental key to the prevention, detection and response to nuclear terrorism which leads to catastrophic impacts is to establish not only domestic law, institution and systems, but also strengthen international cooperation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2010

This study was carried out to screen the occurrence of insect pest on the organic seed producing field of minor grain germplasms, Pearl millet (Setaria italic L.), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), and Common millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in Gangwon-do from 2008 to 2009. The artificial pheromone traps successfully attracted an Oriental corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee) on Pearl millet, but the Army worm, Pseudaletia separata, was not attracted in all of the minor grain fields. The ratio of damaged plants of Oriental corn borer and Army worm were appeared in order with Pearl millet, Common millet, and Sorghum. The morphological diversities of plant bug were shown as four kinds of species, Eastern green stinkbug (Nezara antennata), Brown-marmorated stinkbug (Halyomorpha halys), Sloe bug (Dolycoris baccarum), and Bean bug (Riptortus clavatus), on the organic seed producing field of minor grain. The average occurrence density of Eastern green stinkbug was the highest level in the three kind of minor grains, Pearl millet, Common millet, and Sorghum in 2008 and 2009. The dominant species are the Eastern green stinkbug and the Bean bug in Pearl millet and Common millet. The Sloe bug and the Bean bug possessed the highest population density in Sorghum.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.662-671
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• 2015

As the type of Hazardous and Noxious Substances(HNS) becomes various and the transport volume of HNS increases, HNS spill incidents occur frequently on land and the sea. In view of various damages to human lives and properties by HNS spills, it is necessary to educate and train professional personnel in preparation for and response to potential HNS spills. This study shows the current state of response systems and education courses against HNS spill incidents on land and the sea to compare those with each other between land and sea in Korea. Incident command system on land are basically similar to that at sea, but leading authority which is responsible for combating HNS spills at sea is changeable depending on the location of HNS spill, as it were, Korea Coast Guard(KCG) is responsible for urgent response to HNS spill at sea, while municipalities are responsible for the response to HNS drifted ashore. Education courses for HNS responders on land are established at National Fire Service Academy(NFSA), National Institute of Chemical Safety(NICS), etc., and are diverse. Education and training courses for HNS responder at sea are established at Korea Coast Guard Academy(KCGA) and Marine Environment Research & Training Institute(MERTI), and are comparatively simple. Education courses for dangerous cargo handlers who work in port where land is linked to the sea are established at Korea Maritime Dangerous Goods Inspection & Research Institute(KOMDI), Korea Port Training Institute(KPTI) and Korea Institute of Maritime and Fisheries Technology(KIMFT). Through the comparison of education courses for HNS responders between land and sea, some recommendations such as extension of education targets, division of an existing integrated HNS course into two courses composed of operational level and manager level with respective refresh course, on-line cyber course and joint inter-educational institute course in cooperation with other relevant institutes are proposed for the improvement in education courses of KCG and KOEM(Korea Marine Environment Management Corporation) to educate and train professionals for combating HNS spills at sea in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.39-60
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• 2008

This paper deals with the four aspects of the acquisition, construction and common use of modern and post-modern document DB in the NAK, NIKH, and AKS. First, The concept of Korean regional history includes provincial history, local history and regional history and as far as modern and post-modern history is concerned, the concept of regional history is on expansion. Second, National Archives of Korea has been systematically collecting and managing modern and post-modern regional history records in compliance to Public Institutes Records Management Law, enacted in 1999 and currently is in charge of handling public records of 373 central government administration offices, 514 regional government offices, Office of Education, universities and of other public agencies. National Institute of Korean History is working on a ten year project from 2004 to collect the scattered modern and post-modern regional history records and to classify them regionally and thematically. The Academy of Korean Studies has been collecting modern and post-modern regional history records and collection was initiated by Modern History Research. Those records that are collected from 1997 and 2005 are mainly from the liberation period. Third, characteristics of Central Archives Management System and Nara Records Portal System of NAK, Korean History Database System of NIKH and of The AKS' Korean Provincial Culture Electronic Encyclopedia are elaborated. Fourth, establishing 'Modern and Post-modern Regional History Records Council' as an affiliated organization of National Archives Management Committee is recommended, NAK leading the council and promoting further cooperation. In this section, an emphasis on allotted tasks of three institutes in order to achieve technology development for digitalized resource sharing, to improve on contents and to promote public and international use is placed as well.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.241-267
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• 2017

Since the liberation in 1945, Korean specialists in the field of geological science and mineral resources engineering have developed two disciplines through the cooperation and competition with each other. Specialists both in the geophysics and in the geophysical exploration, who share much, have developed their own fields deeper and broader. Since the late 1990s, specialists in both fields felt the need for an independent society to deal with their fields and discussed the establishment of such a society. In 1997, they discussed to establish a unified society which integrates both fields instead of separated societies. However, in 1998, the Korean Geophysical Society and the Korean Society of Exploration Geophysicists were separately established due to some practical problems. During 7 ~ 8 years since the establishment of the two societies, many members of the two societies intended that the two societies should integrate into a single comprehensive society based on the facts that many fields of each society are overlapped and naturally many members of one society are the members of the other society. The leaders of the two societies accepted these opinions also and began to discuss thoroughly the integration from 2005. Eventually, in 2007, the two societies successfully integrated and established the Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysicists. The Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysicists continues to cooperate and compete with other societies of geological science and mineral resources engineering in Korea and in circumpacific area including Asia, Oceania and Americas, contributing to the development of geophysics and geophysical exploration.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.52
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• pp.73-91
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• 2017

This study is based on the political and economic standpoint of each country, Use advanced equipment to prevent new terrorism from causing widespread damage, In order to establish a countermeasures against terrorism in accordance with the reality of Korea, which is effective in responding to terrorist attacks, Korea conducted a SWOT analysis of the terrorist environment and terrorist environment through specialists. First, internal strengths of Korea 's terrorist environment include stable security situation, weakness of religious and ethnic conflicts, strong regulation and control of firearms, and counter terrorism capabilities and know - how accumulated during major international events. Second, the internal weaknesses of the terrorist environment in Korea include the insecurity of the people, the instability caused by the military confrontation with North Korea, the absence of anti-terrorism law system, the difficulty of terrorism control and management by the development of the Internet and IT technology. Third, the external opportunities for Korea 's terrorist environment are as follows: ease of supplementation and learning through cases of foreign terrorism failure, ease of increase of terrorist budget and support with higher terrorism issues, strengthening of counterterrorism through military cooperation with allied nationsRespectively. Fourth, the external threats to the terrorist environment in Korea are the increase of social dissatisfaction due to the continuous influx of defectors and foreign workers, the goal of terrorism from international terrorist organizations through alliance with the United States,Increased frequency of incidents, and increased IS coverage of terrorism around the world. In addition, the SWOT in - depth interviews on the terrorist environment of the expert group were conducted to diagnose and analyze the problems, terrorism awareness and legal system in the Korean terror environment. The results of the study are summarized as follows.First, the basic law on terrorism should be enacted.Second, the establishment of an integrated anti-terrorism organization.Third, securing and nurturing specialized personnel in response to terrorism.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.353-363
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• 2012

Purpose: To establish basic data for effective clinical practice program by investigating the clinical practice importance and needs for ophthalmic optics students and optical shop owners. Methods: 263 students and 100 optical shop owners who had experience in clinical practice were surveyed in importance and needs of clinical practice and analyzed the results. Results: In general importance for clinical practice, realized the optician's job aptitude $4.29{\pm}0.72$ was highest among students and understanding the work of optician $4.48{\pm}0.52$ was highest among shop owners. Importance of specific duty for clinical practice, communication strategy & customer service was highest in both students $4.46{\pm}0.70$ and shop owners $4.18{\pm}0.86$ each. Importance of time & optical shop for clinical practice, supportive guide and education by opticians & shop owner was highest in both students $4.53{\pm}0.66$ and shop owners $4.35{\pm}0.59$ each. Importance of school support for clinical practice, administrative support for optical shop and students was highest among students $4.10{\pm}0.78$ and orientation from the school before clinical practice $3.98{\pm}0.68$ was highest among shop owners. In general needs for clinical practice, expanding the clinical practice field $4.43{\pm}0.73$ was highest among students and needs of clinical practice in the curriculum $4.39{\pm}0.65$ was highest among shop owners. Needs of specific duty for clinical practice, spectacle fitting $4.40{\pm}0.71$ was highest among students and ophthalmic dispensing $4.12{\pm}0.83$ was highest among shop owners. Conclusions: For effective clinical practice, clinical practice program should be develop which is reflecting the importance and needs of students and optical shop and also cooperation and interest of school and optical shop are required.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.349-384
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• 2013

The Sputnik 1 launching in 1957 made the world recognize the necessity of international regulations on space development and activities in outer space. The United Nations established COPUOS the very next year, and adopted the mandate to examine legal issues concerning the peaceful uses of outer space. At the time, the military sector of the U.S.A. and the Soviet Union were in charge of the space development and they were not welcomed to discuss the prohibition of the military uses of outer space at the legal section in the COPUOS. Although both countries had common interests in securing the freedom of military uses in outer space. As the social and economic benefits derived from space activities have become more apparent, civil expenditures on space activities have continued to increase in several countries. Virtually all new spacefaring states explicitly place a priority on space-based applications to support social and economic development. Such space applications as satellite navigation and Earth imaging are core elements of almost every existing civil space program. Likewise, Moon exploration continues to be a priority for such established spacefaring states as China, Russia, India, and Japan. Recently, Companies that manufacture satellites and ground equipment have also seen significant growth. On 25 February 2012 China successfully launched the eleventh satellite for its indigenous global navigation and positioning satellite system, Beidou. Civil space activities began to grow in China when they were allocated to the China Great Wall Industry Corporation in 1986. China Aerospace Corporation was established in 1993, followed by the development of the China National Space Administration. In Japan civil space was initially coordinated by the National Space Activities Council formed in 1960. Most of the work was performed by the Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science of the University of Tokyo, the National Aerospace Laboratory, and, most importantly, the National Space Development Agency. In 2003 all this work was assumed by the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA). Japan eases restrictions on military space development. On 20 June 2012 Japan passed the Partial Revision of the Cabinet Establishment Act, which restructured the authority to regulate Japanese space policy and budget, including the governance of the JAXA. Under this legislation, the Space Activities Commission of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, which was responsible for the development of Japanese space program, will be abolished. Regulation of space policy and budget will be handed over to the Space Strategy Headquarter formed under the Prime Minister's Cabinet. Space Strategy will be supported by a Consultative Policy Commission as an academics and independent observers. By revoking Article 4 (Objectives of the Agency) of a law that previously governed JAXA and mandated the development of space programs for "peaceful purposes only," the new legislation demonstrates consistency with Article 2 of the 2008 Basic Space Law. In conformity with the principles laid down in the 1967 Outer Space Treaty JAXA is now free to pursue the non-aggressive military use of space. New legislation is the culmination of a decade-long process that sought ways to "leverage Japan's space development programs and technologies for security purposes, to bolster the nation's defenses in the face of increased tensions in East Asia." In this connection it would also be very important and necessary to create an Asian Space Agency(ASA) for strengthening cooperation within the Asian space community towards joint undertakings.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.223-248
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• 2012

This study analyses support policy and structural change of textile industry in Daegu Kyungbuk region, and suggests major issues for textile industry's innovation. In Daegu Kyungbuk, it was 1999 that a policy, so called Milano Project, in order to promote a textile industry was devised. In 2004, the Regional Industrial Promotion Plan was devised. The plan was born from a view point of establishing a regional innovation system and of promoting the innovative clusters under a knowledge based economy. After then, the Regional Industry Promotion Project or Regional Strategic Industry Promotion Project became a core of regional textile industrial policy. Research results indicated that the first stage Milano project (1999-2003) showed both positive and negative effects. There were no long-term development plan, clear vision and strategy. But, core industrial infrastructure for differentiated product development, such as New product Development Support Center and Dyeing Design Practical Application Center, was constructed. The second stage Daegu Textile Industry Promotion Plan (2004-2008) displayed a significant technological performance and new product sales with the assistance of Kyungbuk province. Also, textile industry revealed positive fruits such as financial structure, productivity, and profitability as a result of strong restructuring. In industrial structure, there was a important change from clothe textile material to industry textile material. Most of textile companies did not showed high capability in CEO's technology innovation intention, entrepreneurship, R&D and human resource competency in compare with other industry. We suggested that Daegu Kyungbuk has to select and concentrate on the high-tech textile material and living textile for sustainable development and competitiveness. We also proposed a confidence and cooperation based innovation network and company oriented innovation cluster.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.403-409
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the teaching efficiency of clinical training for dental hygiene students in Gyeonggi Province. The subjects in this study were 371 dental hygiene juniors in seven different colleges in Gyeonggi Province, on whom a self-administered survey was conducted. The collected data were analyzed with a SPSS WIN 12.0 program, and the findings of the study were as follows: 1. The teaching efficiency of clinical training that the dental hygiene students undergone was on the average. As for evaluation of the factors of teaching efficiency, they gave the highest marks to the role model factor(3.40). 2. The size of the institutions where they received clinical training made no statistically significant differences to the teaching efficiency of their clinical training. The university hospitals ranked first in professional knowledge, one of the sub-directory of teaching efficiency, and the gap between them and the others was statistically significant(p=.005). 3. Concerning links between satisfaction level with the major and view of teaching efficiency, stronger satisfaction with the major led to better perception of teaching efficiency(p=.001). Among the subdirectory of teaching efficiency, that made statistically significant differences to view of interpersonal skills, performance as a supporter, fair evaluation, academic organization skills(p=.005), encouragement and support, teaching methods, professional academic knowledge(p=.001), communicative competency, performance as a role model and cooperation with the staff of dental clinics(p=.000). 4. There were no statistically significant gaps in teaching efficiency according to teaching styles. Among the sub-directory of teaching efficiency, statistically significant differences were found only in encouragement and support(p=.005). The above-mentioned findings suggest that the teaching efficacy of the clinical training was approximately on the average, and that a better satisfaction with the major led to a higher teaching efficacy. Therefore a wide variety of teaching methods and systematic training programs should be developed to boost the quality of clinical training to improve its teaching efficacy.